Excel

1. What are pivot tables, and how do you use them?

2. Explain VLOOKUP and how it differs from HLOOKUP.

3. How do you use conditional formatting in Excel?

4. What is the difference between a relative reference and an absolute reference in formulas?

5. How would you remove duplicates from a dataset in Excel?

6. What are some common Excel functions you use frequently?

7. How do you use the IF function in Excel? Provide an example.

8. Explain the difference between COUNT, COUNTA, COUNTIF, and COUNTBLANK.

9. How do you create a dynamic chart in Excel?

10. What are slicers, and how do you use them in Excel dashboards?

11. How would you handle large datasets in Excel efficiently?

12. Explain the use of Data Validation in Excel.

13. How do you calculate the percentage change between two numbers in Excel?

14. What is Power Query, and how is it useful for data cleaning?

15. How do you use the CONCATENATE function? What’s the difference between CONCAT and
CONCATENATE?

16. How do you protect an Excel sheet or workbook?

17. Explain the difference between a macro and VBA in Excel.

18. How do you use Excel to create a simple dashboard?

19. What is the use of the INDEX and MATCH functions?

20. How do you find and fix errors in formulas in Excel?

Tableau

21. What are dimensions and measures in Tableau?

22. Explain the difference between live and extract connections.

23. How do you create a calculated field in Tableau?

24. What are parameters in Tableau, and how are they used?

25. Explain the difference between discrete and continuous fields in Tableau.

26. How do you combine multiple data sources in Tableau?

27. What is the purpose of Tableau's dual-axis charts?

29. Explain the use of filters in Tableau. What is the difference between a context filter and a
global filter?

30. What are sets in Tableau? How do they differ from groups?

31. How do you handle null values in Tableau?

32. What is the use of Tableau's LOD (Level of Detail) expressions?

33. How do you create a heat map in Tableau?

34. Explain how you can create hierarchies in Tableau.

35. What is the purpose of actions (filter, highlight, URL) in Tableau?

36. How do you improve the performance of a Tableau dashboard?

37. What is Tableau Prep, and how does it assist in data preparation?

38. How do you use custom geocoding in Tableau?

39. Explain the difference between blending and joining data in Tableau.

40. How do you share dashboards with others in Tableau?

Python (Pandas)

41. How do you import a CSV file into a Pandas DataFrame?

42. Explain the difference between loc and iloc in Pandas.

43. How do you handle missing values in a DataFrame?

44. How can you filter rows in a DataFrame based on a condition?

45. What is the purpose of the groupby function in Pandas?

46. How do you merge two DataFrames in Pandas? Explain the different types of joins.

47. What is the difference between a Series and a DataFrame in Pandas?

48. How do you reset the index of a DataFrame?

49. What is the purpose of the apply function in Pandas?

50. How do you sort a DataFrame by multiple columns?

51. Explain the use of the pivot and pivot_table functions.

52. How do you create a new column in a DataFrame?

53. What is the difference between append and concat in Pandas?

54. How do you check for duplicate rows in a DataFrame?

55. What are the different methods to iterate over rows in Pandas?
 56. How do you save a DataFrame to an Excel or CSV file?

57. Explain the difference between agg and transform in Pandas.

58. How do you plot a DataFrame using Matplotlib or Seaborn?

59. How do you handle large datasets in Pandas efficiently?

60. What is a MultiIndex in Pandas, and how do you use it?

SQL

61. What is the difference between INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL OUTER JOIN?

62. How do you retrieve unique values from a column in SQL?

63. Explain the difference between WHERE and HAVING clauses.

64. How do you use the GROUP BY clause in SQL? Provide an example.

65. What is the purpose of the DISTINCT keyword in SQL?

66. Explain the difference between UNION and UNION ALL.

67. How do you calculate the total, average, or count of a column in SQL?

68. What is a primary key, and why is it important?

69. Explain the difference between a primary key and a foreign key.

70. How do you create and delete a table in SQL?

71. What are indexes in SQL, and how do they improve query performance?

72. How do you handle NULL values in SQL?

73. What is the purpose of the CASE statement in SQL?

74. How do you use window functions like ROW_NUMBER, RANK, and DENSE_RANK?

75. Explain the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR data types.

76. What is the difference between a correlated subquery and a regular subquery?

77. How do you retrieve the top N rows from a table?

78. What are the advantages of using stored procedures?

79. How do you optimize SQL queries for better performance?

80. What is the purpose of the EXPLAIN or EXPLAIN PLAN statement in SQL?

General Data Analysis Questions

81. How do you handle missing data in a dataset?

82. What is the difference between structured and unstructured data?

84. How do you validate data for accuracy and consistency?

85. How do you identify outliers in a dataset?

86. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics?

87. Explain the importance of data visualization in data analysis.

88. How do you choose the right visualization for your data?

89. What is the purpose of exploratory data analysis (EDA)?

90. How do you handle large datasets that cannot fit into memory?

91. What is your approach to identifying trends in data?

92. How do you deal with inconsistent data formats in a dataset?

93. What is the difference between correlation and causation?

94. Explain the concept of data normalization.

95. What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in data analysis?

96. How do you document your analysis process?

97. What are some common pitfalls to avoid in data analysis?

98. How do you ensure the reproducibility of your analysis?

99. Explain the importance of storytelling in presenting data insights.

100.How do you prioritize tasks when working on multiple projects?