Exploring innovations that will shape our world tomorrow.

PRESENTED BY: ISHIKA SAHU

 Quantum computing is an advanced
computational technology based on
quantum mechanics. Unlike classical
computers, which use bits to represent
information as either 0 or 1, quantum
computers utilize qubits, which can exist in
multiple states simultaneously. This allows
for exponentially faster processing and
complex problem-solving capabilities.

Quantum computing is an advanced

computational technology based on
quantum mechanics. Unlike classical
computers, which use bits to represent
information as either 0 or 1, quantum
computers utilize qubits, which can exist in
multiple states simultaneously. This allows
for exponentially faster processing and
complex problem-solving capabilities.
Classical Computing Quantum Computing
Uses qubits, which can exist in a
Uses bits (0 or 1) to store and process
superposition of states (both 0 and 1
information.
simultaneously).
Operates sequentially, meaning it solves Operates in parallel, allowing multiple
problems step by step. calculations to be performed at once.

Limited by Moore’s Law, which states Capable of handling complex

that the number of transistors on a chip computations exponentially faster
doubles approximately every two years, than classical computers.
but is reaching physical limits.
1.
SUPERPOSITION

A qubit can exist in a

combination of both 0 and 1
states at the same time. This
property enables quantum
computers to perform vast
numbers of calculations
simultaneously. Unlike classical
bits that can only be in one state
at a time, qubits allow for greater
computational power and
efficiency.
2.
ENTANGLMENT

When qubits are entangled, the state

of one qubit is instantly correlated with
the state of another, even if they are 3.
separated by large distances. This
enables highly efficient and secure
computations, which is one reason
why quantum computing is promising
for cryptography and secure
communications.
3.
QUANTUM
INTERFERENCE

Quantum interference allows

quantum computers to refine and
optimize their calculations. By
leveraging interference, quantum
algorithms can cancel out incorrect
answers and amplify the probability
of correct results, making
computations more efficient.
 Qubits and Quantum
Gates
Qubits are manipulated using quantum
gates, which apply transformations based
on quantum principles. Unlike classical logic
gates (AND, OR, NOT), quantum gates such
as Hadamard, Pauli, and Toffoli allow qubits
to interact in complex ways.
Comparison with
Quantum Circuits
Classical Logic Gates
A quantum circuit consists of a series of
Whi le classical computers use binary logic quantum gates arranged to perform a
gates, quantum computers use a specific computation. These circuits
combination of superposition, entanglement, process quantum information in ways
and quantum gates to perform calculations. that classical computers cannot
This makes quantum circuits fundamentally replicate.
different from traditional computational
models.
 APPLICATIONS
OF QUANTUM
Cybersecurity & Drug Discovery &
Cryptography Healthcare

COMPUTING
Quantum computers could
Quantum simulations help in
break traditional encryption
molecular modeling, allowing
methods, but they also enable
researchers to develop new
new, unbreakable quantum
drugs faster by simulating the
cryptography techniques such
behavior of molecules at a
as Quantum Key Distribution
quantum level.
(QKD).

Artificial Optimization
Intelligence & Problems
Machine
Industries like finance, logistics,
Learning and supply chain management
Quantum computing enhances
benefit from quantum algorithms
pattern recognition and deep
that solve complex optimization
learning, leading to more efficient
challenges more efficiently than
training of AI models and solving
classical approaches.
complex problems faster.
CHALLENGES IN QUANTUM
COMPUTING

Overcoming Instability and The Cost and Feasibility of Quantum

Inaccuracy in Quantum Systems Expansion

Maintaining a quantum computer requires extremely low

Quantum computers rely on qubits, which are extremely delicate
temperatures, often close to absolute zero, to keep qubits stable. This
and susceptible to environmental disturbances. Even the
necessity makes quantum computers expensive to operate, limiting
slightest interference can cause errors in calculations, making
their widespread adoption. Additionally, scaling up quantum
quantum stability (coherence) a significant challenge. To address
processors to achieve practical applications remains a major
this, quantum error correction techniques are being developed,
challenge, requiring substantial technological advancements and
but they require many additional qubits, significantly increasing
investments to reach the level where quantum computers can
hardware complexity and computational overhead.
outperform classical systems in real-world applications.
As we look to the future, these technologies will play a crucial role
in shaping a better world for generations to come.