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Example and Guidelines for

ACTA OULU LATEX Template

Harri Saarnisaari, ACTA series C editor

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The layout of this page will be finished by ACTA

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Abstract
This is your one page abstract including keywords for the main language.

Keywords: LATEX, hints

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Tiivistelmä
Your one page abstract including keywords is here for the second language.

Keywords: LATEX, hints Asiasanat: LATEX, hints

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The layout of this page will be finished by ACTA

The layout of this page will be finished by ACTA

Dedication text here.
8
Preface
Preface text here.

9
10
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements text here.

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12
List of abbreviations
A Scientiae Rerum Naturalium
B Humaniora
C Technica
D Medica
E Scientiae Rerum Socialium
F Scripta Academica
G Oeconomica

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14
List of original publications
An example list of original publications, which are referred to in the text by their Roman
numerals (I–II). This works always.

I Nurkkala K & Varjonen V (2007) Instructions for authors. Instructions for authors of
manuscripts intended for publication in the series Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. URI:
http://www.kirjasto.oulu.fi/assets/files/julkaisutoiminta/templates/ActaOulu2009_en.pdf.
II Nurkkala K & Varjonen V (2007) Instructions for authors. Instructions for authors of
manuscripts intended for publication in the series Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. URI:
http://www.kirjasto.oulu.fi/assets/files/julkaisutoiminta/templates/ActaOulu2009_en.pdf.

An alternative way using bibentry package, I and II and your bib-files. This is
working just with IEEEtran bibliography style since the APA style is not compatible
with bibentry. This can be used also at the end, in the Original Publications part.

I A. Y. Wang and Sodini (2006)

II Z. Wang, Stupia, and Vandendorpe (2015)

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16
Contents
Abstract
Tiivistelmä
Preface 9
Acknowledgements 11
List of abbreviations 13
List of original publications 15
Contents 17
1 Introduction 19
1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2.1 Headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3 Write in small pieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.4 Languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.5 LATEX systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.6 Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2 References 23
2.1 Bib-files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Series C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3 DOI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 Figures and tables 25
3.1 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.2 Figure files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.3 Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
References 29
Appendices 31
Original publications 35

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1 Introduction
This file serves as an example file for LATEX users and provides some guidelines, e.g.,
about using figures and tables. It explains how to use the ActaOulu LATEX template
ActaOulu.cls. It also explains the referencing system with LATEX.
After latexing this example file produces empty pages here and there since new
chapters start at certain (odd) pages and since the template includes empty pages needed
by the ACTA editors once they produce the final versions. However, this way the page
numbering works properly as well as forms the table of contents correctly.
It is highly recommend to follow these instructions and not to invent own modifica-
tions.

1.1 General

Use it as a usual LATEX cls-file. Use the required packages shown in this example file
and add your owns if needed. Note that encaptionnames.sty or ficaptionnames.sty is also
required depending on your language choice.

1.2 Structure

The template uses predefined environments for different matters. Use them. They all are
used in this set of example files. Ignore them if you do not need them but don’t invent
your own to replace them.
The title and environments abstract, tiivistelmä (Finnish abstract), dedications,
preface, acknowledgements, abbreviations and list of original publications (loa) that
belong to the beginning are defined and used in frontmatters.tex example file.
The chapters could be in separate tex-files as explained in the next section. Herein,
textpart.tex is used for all chapters.
At the end of the example file ActaOuluExample.tex you can find a place for
your bibliography file, appendix environment for appendices (naturally) and origpub
environment for original articles.

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1.2.1 Headings

The thesis could include numbered headings at three levels, and all are already used in
this document. In addition, there is one unnumbered one, shown next, that does not
appear in the contents.

Unnumbered heading

As a summary, headings are, from the highest level down, chapter, section, subsection,
subsubsection.

1.3 Write in small pieces

Long documents are much easier to handle and edit if they are in small pieces whereas
journal and conference articles are so short that they could be in one document.
Consequently, write text into smaller tex-files, e.g., such that each chapter is a separate
file, and call them in the main LATEX main file (mythesis.tex or similar based on the
example ActaOuluExample.tex). This guide file uses this procedure to show an example.
However, due to shortness, only two parts are used. Also appendices should be in
separate files.
The significant command for this is

\input{yourfileX.tex},

which is placed in the main part of the main document. Don’t worry if chapter, figure etc
numbering do change while using this process. At the end, once everything is finished
and all files included, they will be OK. If you want to work with only one file while
editing it, comment the rest (using %).
This way the main file (that you run with your LATEX system) remains short and
simple as the example file ActaOuluExample.tex shows.
You can comment the frontmatter part until you really need it. This way the extra
pages at the beginning do not appear in pdf or dvi file when not really needed.

1.4 Languages

The cls-file supports both English and Finnish as the main language. The selection is at
the beginning of ActaOuluExample.tex. The main language selection affects the caption
headings like figure and table as well as abstract, contents, etc names.

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 In the second abstract, you can tune Finnish hyphenation on in English written thesis
and English hyphenation on in Finnish thesis. Remember to active the main language at
the end! An example of all this is provided in frontmatters.tex.

1.5 LATEX systems

There are several LATEX systems available like MikTeX, Overleaf, TeXStudio and so on.
Use your favorite and load required packages if they are not yet in it. Many of these
support making of bib-files too.

1.6 Packages

CTAN.org (https://ctan.org/) has LATEX files and several useful packages that you
may need, like amsmath.sty if you need severe mathematics. Ask friends what they have
found useful. If packages cause problems to the template, do not use them.
The template (ActaOulu.cls) loads the following packages for its internal use. You
don’t need to load them. The packages are:

– ifthen
– calc
– mathptmx
– helvet
– tabularx
– geometry
– fancyhdr
– titlesec
– titletoc
– enumitem
– float
– caption
– tocvsec2
– remreset
– microtype

The language style files call the babel package.

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2 References
The preferred citation style is APA, see ACTA pages. This template example uses the
APA style as a default.

2.1 Bib-files

The template assumes that bib-files are used for handling references. They are much
much handier than using bibitem based lists, especially if there are tens of references.
Use your favorite bib-editor for creating them. Be careful since the beginning when
filling the required information in your bib-files; it may be hard and boring work to find
missing information later.

2.2 Series C

In series C, it is possible to use also the number based IEEE referencing style since APA
may result in very long author names lists.
For this purpose, comment (%) the apacite package and bibliography style at
the beginning of the example file and allow IEEEtran instead. If you like to use,
with IEEE style, your bib-file for Original Publications uncomment also bibentry and
nobibliography* and follow the example in frontmatters.tex.
The following gives an example of citations using the APA style. First with

{\citep}

(A. Y. Wang & Sodini, 2006; Z. Wang et al., 2015) and then with

{\cite}

A. Y. Wang and Sodini (2006); Z. Wang et al. (2015). Results are different. With the
APA style the former (citep) must be used. With the IEEE style the latter (cite) must be
used though this combination gives numeric results like [1-2] or [1], [2].

2.3 DOI

The APA style supports the DOI field in bib-files as the examples in the references
shows. It is the latter DOI in (A. Y. Wang & Sodini, 2006) and the sole DOI in (Z. Wang
et al., 2015). The former DOI becomes from the note field that should be emptied,

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renamed or not used with the APA style. Why it is used in this example is because of the
IEEE style possible in Series C and an example of that is also given.
Unfortunately IEEEtran.bst bib style does not directly support DOI field (at the
moment). DOI number could be put in the note field like the examplebib.bib file shows,
see A. Y. Wang and Sodini (2006).

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3 Figures and tables
Figures and tables are floating objects in LATEX. And should be treated accordingly. It is
not recommended to put them in the middle of paragraph with [h!] placement. Instead,
use the default order (i.e., nothing) or use [tb] or [bt]. This results a better looking
document but also avoids indented text after the figure or table. The following examples
hopefully clarify this thing.
This paragraph shows the correct way to include figures or tables. You have to make
a reference to a figure (table) first, like this Fig. 1, such that it is at the same or previous
page than the referenced figure. And finish the paragraph before adding the intended
figure or table environment.
Now we start new paragraph and add some nonsense to fill the page in order
to see how LATEX wants to place the figure. mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmm-
mmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmm mm-
mmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmm-
mmmmmmm mmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mm-
mmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmm-
mmmmmmm mmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mm-
mmmmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmmmmmmm mmmmmmm
mmmmmmmmmmmm

Fig. 1. This is a figure caption.

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 If you add the figure or table right where you reference to it in the middle of
paraghraph (in the tex-file) like in Fig. 2 and then continue writing your paragraph, the

Fig. 2. This is a figure caption.

result may not be according the guidelines. Especially this may occur if you leave empty
lines around the figure environment like in Fig. 3

Fig. 3. This is a figure caption.

here. You know, an empty line denotes a new paragraph in LATEX. In addition,
putting figures (tables) in the middle makes editing your paragraphs more difficult.
Try this example file by commenting [h!] in Figs. 2 and 3. The result is different
since LATEX prefers to put figures and tables to the top or bottom of the page, which is
the way that most publishers recommend.

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Table 1. This is a table caption.

quantity unit
distance meter [m]
time second [s]

Table 2. This is a table caption.

quantity unit abbreviation

distance meter m
time second s
Table 3. This is a table caption.

quantity unit
distance meter [m]
time second [s]

3.1 Tables

ACTA guidelines must be followed. Main ones are that 1) each column has to have a
title, 2) lines are used above and below the table as well as below titles and 3) no vertical
lines. In addition, in a portrait page table width is 122 mm and a landscape page 183
mm. Furthermore, the text in the leftmost column is left aligned, in other columns also
other alignments can be used.
Tables are put in table environment whereas the figures are put in figure environment.
The actual tables are done using tabular environment in the standard LATEX (no extra
packages). An example table using this is Table 1.
It is not easy to say what column widths have to be since there is column separation
in LTEX but target tables that fill the text area. Help can be found from: google CTAN,
A

array and read package documentation therein (note that new features apply only if you
have the newest version). A more complicated example is shown in Table 2. As can be
seen, the width adjustment is not necessarily very exact and easy. Furthermore, this does
not support alignments at the momemnt (may change in future).
The cls-file loads tabularx package that can be used to adjust fixed width for the
table. This is done using tabularx enviroment and text alignment parameters L, C and R.
An example is shown in Table 3 and more complicated one in Table 4. This is much
more exact way to set the width than the tabular environment. In addition to table width,
this allows adjustment of text alignment.

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Table 4. This is a table caption.

quantity unit abbreviation

distance meter m
time second s

The previous two tables have a width included into the starting command. The
starting command for the former table is written as

\begin{tabularx}{122mm}{L C}\hline

where the width is put in the first parenthesis and the second one includes the column text
alignments. In the thesis, the width could be 122 mm (portrait) or 183 mm (landscape).
Also columnwidth works as width as Table 4 shows.

3.2 Figure files

LATEX systems using PDFLaTeX accept many kinds of figures: pdf, jpg, png and so on.
Some LATEX system accept only eps format and you have to find suitable tools creating
them; google and ask friends.
Anyway, create clear figures, use large enough fonts such that they are seen even if
figure files has to be scaled smaller (to fit in the page) and so on.
The maximum width of figures is 122 mm in portrait pages and 183 mm in landscape
pages. In LATEX you can adjust the width of the figure easily (using graphicx or graphics
package) as can be seen from the figure examples.

3.3 Equations

Note that the above observation "no empty lines around" holds also for equations if you
don’t want them to be separate paragraphs. So, do like this. My nice equation

y = f (x) (1)

is here as a part of my sentence, as it should. If the equation ends a sentence, use a dot
after it. If you need a comma after it, use it like in this example

y = f (x), (2)

where f (x) is a function.

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References
Wang, A. Y., & Sodini, C. G. (2006). On the energy efficiency of wireless
transceivers. International Communications Conference, 8, 3783-3788. (doi:
10.1109/TSUSC.2017.2734110) doi: 10.1109/TSUSC.2017.2734110
Wang, Z., Stupia, I., & Vandendorpe, L. (2015). Energy efficient precoder design for
MIMO-OFDM with rate-dependent circuit power. International Communications
Conference, 1897-1902. doi: 10.1109/TSUSC.2017.2734110

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30
Appendix 1 Some stuff A

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32
Appendix 2 Some stuff B

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34
Original publications
I Nurkkala K & Varjonen V (2007) Instructions for authors. Instructions for authors of
manuscripts intended for publication in the series Acta Universitatis Ouluensis. URI:
http://www.kirjasto.oulu.fi/assets/files/julkaisutoiminta/templates/ActaOulu2009_en.pdf.

Reprinted with permission from xxxx (I), yyyy (II)...

Original publications are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.

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