Viva Questions for Operating system

1.What is operating system?

It is an interface between user and the computer hardware.
2.What are all the needs of OS?
a)Multitasking: executing more than one process or application simultaneously.
b)GUI(Graphical user interface):It allows user to interact with computer through
graphical icons.
c) Resource allocation: We need OS to manage the resource distribution among various
process.
d)File management: organizing data files stored on the cloud or device.
3.What are the functions of operating system?
1. security
2. control over system performance
3.job accounting
4.Error detecting aids
5.Coordinates between software and user
6.Memory management
7.Process management
8. Device management
9.File management

4.What is kernel?
It is the core component of OS, Interacts directly with hardware and provides low level service.
5.What are all the types of OS?
1.Batch OS : in this OS each users have different types of job all these jobs are given to operator
in the terms of punch cards and those are divided into batches and given to CPU for processing
2.Multiprogramming OS : On a single processor computer , a Multiprogramming OS can run
many programs.
3.Multiprocessing : two or more processors in a computer simultaneously process two or more
different portions of the same program.
4. Multitasking OS : it enables a computer to execute multiple tasks or processes simultaneously.
5.Time sharing OS : It allows multiple users to share a single computer.
6. Distributed Real time OS : manages the scheduled tasks and activities.
7. Real time OS : the task is executed based on time slots .
6.What is Linux shell?
It is a special user program which provides an interface to user to use OS services.
7.What are all the types of Shell?
1.Bash shell : it stands for bourne again shell and commonly used.
2.ksh shell : Stands for korn shell,it has advanced scripting capability.
3.Zsh shell : It is highly customizable shell it has features such as spelling correction.
4.Csh shell : used for executing scripts written in c program.
8.What is Shell scripts ?
It is a text file contains of one or more Unix commands.
9.What is virtual box?
It allows user to extend their existing computer to run a multiple OS.
10.What is GUI?
It is an interface between user and computer by icons and button.
11.What is Ubuntu?
It is free and open source Linux based OS we can use on computer.
12.What is CLI(Command line interface)?
It is a software mechanism used to interact with OS using keyboard.
13.What is virtualization?
It is a technology that is used to create virtual representation of servers , storage and physical
machine.
14.What is virtual machine?
It is software defined computer that runs on a physical computer with separate OS and
computing resources.
15.What are all the types of Virtual machine?
1.System VM : It gives complete system platform and gives the execution of complete virtual
OS.
2.Process VM : It doesn’t gives complete system platform and provides with facility to install
Virtual OS.
16.What is Process?
It is a instance of program that is being executed.
17. Explain process state diagram
a.)New : The process is being created
b.)Ready : The process is waiting to be assigned a processor.
c.) Running : Instructions are being executed.
d.) Termination : The process had finished execution.
e.)The process is waiting for some event to occur.
18.What are all the basic Linux commands ?
1.Ls (List)
Ls -a : begins with dot which indicates they are hidden files.
Ls -f : It distinguishes between directories , ordinary and executable files.
Ls -l : It obtains long listing files.
2.PWD (Present working directory)
It gives the present working directory path information.
3.Mkdir : it creates a new directory
4.CD(change directory) : Used to change a directory
5.rmdir : removes the directory
6.Touch : it creates a empty file
7.Cat : used to check the file content
8.Mv(move) : used to move from one location to another
9.CP(copy) : you can copy one file to another
10.Head and tail: displays output of first or last part of files.
11.More : is a filter of paging through text one screen full at a time.
12.Less : It is a opposite of more command.
19.What is file ?
It is a named collection of related information that is recorded on secondary storage.
20.What are the attributes of the file?
Name : file name is the only information kept in human readable form
Identifier : It is usually a number identifies the files within a system.
Type : It specifies which type of files.
Location : It specifies the location of file.
Size : it specifies the current size of the files.
Protection : Access control information like who can read , write , execute and so on.
Time,data,user identification: it specifies the date and time ,users last modification to the file.
21.What are all the operation performed on file?
1.Creating file
2. writing file
3. Reading file
4. Copying file
5. Closing file
22.What is Process management?
It is an instance of computer program that is being executed
23.What is fork?
Process is a program in execution .A new process can be created by the fork ()system call.
Existing process is called the parent process and process is created newly is called child process.
24.What is exec?
The exec ( ) family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image.
25.What is scheduler and it’s types?
It selects the job to be submitted into the system and decide which process to run.
Types of scheduler;
1.Long term scheduler (LTS) : It selects process from the queue and loads them into memory for
execution.
2.Short term scheduler (STS) : It is the change of ready state to running state of the process.
3.Medium term scheduler : It is the process of swapping scheduler .
26.What is IPC?
Inter process communication : It is the mechanism provided by an OS for processes to manage
shared data.
27.What is Multiprogramming and Multiprocessing?
Multiprogramming : In this each job is considered as program and given CPU for processing the
processor executes one job at a time.
Multiprocessing : There will be more than one processor where multiple jobs are executed
simultaneously.
28.What is cron?
It is daemon that can be used to schedule the execution of recurring tasks according to a
combination of time, day of month , month and day of week and week.
29.What is process synchronization?
It means coordinating the execution of processes such that no two processors access the same
shared resources and data.
30. What are the sections of the program in OS?
Entry section : It decides the entry of the process.
Critical section : Allows the process to enter and modify the variable
Exit section : The process is removed through this section once it’s done executing.
Remainder section : Part of the code not present in the above three sections are collectively
called remainder section.
31.What is semaphore?
It is a tool used to provide process synchronization
32.What is dead lock?
It means that CPU can’t take acquired resources from any Process forcefully even though that
process is in waiting state.
33.What are the condition to prevent dead lock?
Mutual exclusion
Hold and wait
No preemptive
Circular wait
34.What is thread ?
It is a single sequential flow of activities being executed in process.
35.What are the types of threads?
User level threads : these threads are implemented by user level Software.
Kernel level threads : these threads are managed by kernel of our OS.
36.What is memory management?
It is the process is coordinating and controlling memory in the computer.
37.Define Dynamic , Static , linking ,loading ?
1.Loading: it brings program from secondary to main memory
2. Linking: establishing linking between all the modules or all the function of the program in
order to continue the program execution
3.Static loading : Loading the entire program into the main memory before start of program
execution.
4. Dynamic loading : Loading a program into the main memory into the demand , program
execution will be slower.
5.Static linking : It takes constant load time every time it is loaded into the memory for
execution.
6.Dynamix linking: It is performed by runtime by the operating System.
38.What is swapping?
It is a technique that is used to temporarily remove the inactive programs from the main memory
of the computer system.
39.What is paging?
It means partitioning the process is called paging.
40.what is fragmentation?
It is a unwanted problem in OS.
41.What is segmentation?
It means dividing a process into unequal sized segments.
42.What is demand paging?
It is the process in which data is moved from secondary memory to RAM based on Demand.
43.Mention page replacement algorithms?
1.Basic page algorithm
2.FIFO page algorithm
3.Optimal page algorithm
4.LRU( least recently used) page replacement algorithm
5.LRU approximation page replacement algorithm
44.what is IP addresses ?
It is unique address which is used to identify devices on internet.
It has 32 bits and contains 4 parts and each part contains 8 bits.
45.What is class full addressing?
It uses fixed length subnet mask
46.What is class less addressing?
It uses variable length subnet mask.
47.What is LDAP?(Light weight directory access protocol)
It helps users to find data about organization.
48.What is directory?
It is also called as folders and used to organize your files.
49.What is root directory ?
The top level directory is called root directory.
50.What is sub directory?
A directory or a folder located within another directory.
51.What is Log?
It is a textual data file that stores processes, messages and other days from applications or
devices.
52.What is log monitoring?
The process of collecting and acting in log data from various sources.