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Computer Vision hw3

The document outlines Homework 3 for a Computer Vision course, focusing on non-linear operations including histogram equalization and image filtering techniques. It details the implementation of a MATLAB program that applies various filters to images with added noise and evaluates their effectiveness using PSNR values. The homework includes coding tasks, image processing steps, and visualization of results for different noise types and filtering methods.

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zahraaalfaeq
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5 views9 pages

Computer Vision hw3

The document outlines Homework 3 for a Computer Vision course, focusing on non-linear operations including histogram equalization and image filtering techniques. It details the implementation of a MATLAB program that applies various filters to images with added noise and evaluates their effectiveness using PSNR values. The homework includes coding tasks, image processing steps, and visualization of results for different noise types and filtering methods.

Uploaded by

zahraaalfaeq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Vision

Homework 3:
Non-linear Operations

Pesented by:

Zahraa muhaned mohammed faeq

MSc stg 1
Homework 3 – Non-linear Operations:

1. Code parts 1 – 3 of the histogram equalization algorithm given in section 2.2.2 of the lecture
notes as a function that receives a luminance array to calculate the scaled cumulative histogram
based on the entire array, then apply it only to the central pixel of the array. The function should
return the equalized central pixel only.

I = imread('C:\Users\ahmed\Pictures\computer vision\Lenna.png');
I_gray = rgb2gray(I); % Convert to grayscale if the image is colored

% Compute the histogram


[counts, bins] = imhist(I_gray);

% Compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF)


cdf = cumsum(counts);
cdf_normalized = (cdf - min(cdf)) / (max(cdf) - min(cdf)) * 255;

% Find the coordinates of the central pixel


[m, n] = size(I_gray);
center_x = round(m / 2);
center_y = round(n / 2);

% Get the original value of the central pixel


central_pixel_value = I_gray(center_x, center_y);

% Apply histogram equalization to the central pixel only


equalized_pixel = round(cdf_normalized(central_pixel_value + 1));

% Create a new image with the central pixel modified


I_modified = I_gray;
I_modified(center_x, center_y) = equalized_pixel;

% Display the original and modified images


figure;
subplot(1,2,1);
imshow(I_gray);
title('Original Image');

subplot(1,2,2);
imshow(I_modified);
title('Image After Equalizing Central Pixel');

% Print the values before and after equalization


fprintf('Central pixel value before equalization: %d\n', central_pixel_value);
fprintf('Central pixel value after equalization: %d\n', equalized_pixel);
Central pixel value before equalization: 104

Central pixel value after equalization: 89

2. Write a program that transforms an image to the XYZ colorspace, then passes only the
luminance channel Y to MATLAB’s function nlfilter as a means to apply a sliding window
operation. The operation applied by nlfilter (through an anonymous function; see section 2.4 of
the lecture notes for an example) isthe function coded in step 1. Next, the program should
perform part 4 of the algorithm given in section 2.2.2 of the lecture notes to apply the same
pixel-wise scaling (calculated based on how nlfilter scaled Y) to X and Z chroma channels. Test
the locally adaptive histogram equalization operation implemented insteps 1 – 2 on few color
images.
% Read the image
img_rgb = imread('C:\Users\ahmed\Pictures\ph\8.jpg');
img_rgb = im2double(img_rgb); % Convert to double precision

% Convert from RGB to XYZ color space


img_xyz = rgb2xyz(img_rgb);

% Extract channels
X = img_xyz(:,:,1);
Y = img_xyz(:,:,2);
Z = img_xyz(:,:,3);

% Define the window size for the filter


window_size = [7 7]; % Larger window for stronger effect

% Apply a non-linear filter (alpha-trimmed mean filter)


alpha = 0.2; % 20% trimming
filtered_Y = nlfilter(Y, window_size, @(block) trimmean(block(:), alpha * 100));

% Compute scaling factor based on how Y was changed


scale_factor = (filtered_Y ./ (Y + eps)).^1.5; % Exaggerate the effect

% Apply the same scaling to X and Z channels


X_scaled = X .* scale_factor;
Z_scaled = Z .* scale_factor;

% Combine the scaled XYZ channels


img_xyz_filtered = cat(3, X_scaled, filtered_Y, Z_scaled);

% Convert back to RGB


img_rgb_filtered = xyz2rgb(img_xyz_filtered);

% Ensure values are in valid range


img_rgb_filtered = max(0, min(1, img_rgb_filtered));

% Display original and filtered images


figure;
subplot(1,3,1), imshow(img_rgb), title('Original Image');
subplot(1,3,2), imshow(img_rgb_filtered), title('Filtered Image');
subplot(1,3,3), imshow(abs(img_rgb - img_rgb_filtered) * 5), title('Difference');
3. Use MATLAB’s function imnoise to add the following types of noise to ‘Lenna.png’ image:
Gaussian noise, Poisson noise (also known as shot noise), and salt & pepper noise. Use the noisy
images to evaluate the effectiveness of the following filters: 3 × 3 median filter, 3 × 3 25%-
trimmed mean filter, bilateral filter, and non-local means filter (estimate the parameters of the
last two filters from each noisy image; see section 2.4.1 for a guide on how to look for flat
regions to estimate σ).

img = imread('C:\Users\ahmed\Pictures\computer vision\Lenna.png');


img = im2double(rgb2gray(img)); % Convert to double and grayscale

% Add Noise
% Add Gaussian noise
img_gaussian = imnoise(img, 'gaussian', 0, 0.01);

% Add Poisson noise


img_poisson = imnoise(img, 'poisson');

% Add Salt & Pepper noise


img_salt_pepper = imnoise(img, 'salt & pepper', 0.05);

% Apply Filters
% 3x3 Median Filter
img_gaussian_median = medfilt2(img_gaussian, [3 3]);
img_poisson_median = medfilt2(img_poisson, [3 3]);
img_salt_pepper_median = medfilt2(img_salt_pepper, [3 3]);

% 3x3 25%-Trimmed Mean Filter


img_gaussian_trimmed = trimmed_mean_filter(img_gaussian, 3, 25);
img_poisson_trimmed = trimmed_mean_filter(img_poisson, 3, 25);
img_salt_pepper_trimmed = trimmed_mean_filter(img_salt_pepper, 3, 25);

% Bilateral Filter
sigma_d = 2;
sigma_r = 0.1;
img_gaussian_bilateral = imbilatfilt(img_gaussian, sigma_r, sigma_d);
img_poisson_bilateral = imbilatfilt(img_poisson, sigma_r, sigma_d);
img_salt_pepper_bilateral = imbilatfilt(img_salt_pepper, sigma_r, sigma_d);

% Non-local Means Filter


img_gaussian_nlm = imnlmfilt(img_gaussian);
img_poisson_nlm = imnlmfilt(img_poisson);
img_salt_pepper_nlm = imnlmfilt(img_salt_pepper);
% Evaluate Effectiveness
psnr_gaussian_median = psnr(img_gaussian_median, img);
psnr_poisson_median = psnr(img_poisson_median, img);
psnr_salt_pepper_median = psnr(img_salt_pepper_median, img);

psnr_gaussian_trimmed = psnr(img_gaussian_trimmed, img);


psnr_poisson_trimmed = psnr(img_poisson_trimmed, img);
psnr_salt_pepper_trimmed = psnr(img_salt_pepper_trimmed, img);

psnr_gaussian_bilateral = psnr(img_gaussian_bilateral, img);


psnr_poisson_bilateral = psnr(img_poisson_bilateral, img);
psnr_salt_pepper_bilateral = psnr(img_salt_pepper_bilateral, img);

psnr_gaussian_nlm = psnr(img_gaussian_nlm, img);


psnr_poisson_nlm = psnr(img_poisson_nlm, img);
psnr_salt_pepper_nlm = psnr(img_salt_pepper_nlm, img);

% Display PSNR values


disp('PSNR values:');
disp(['Gaussian Median: ', num2str(psnr_gaussian_median)]);
disp(['Poisson Median: ', num2str(psnr_poisson_median)]);
disp(['Salt & Pepper Median: ', num2str(psnr_salt_pepper_median)]);

disp(['Gaussian Trimmed Mean: ', num2str(psnr_gaussian_trimmed)]);


disp(['Poisson Trimmed Mean: ', num2str(psnr_poisson_trimmed)]);
disp(['Salt & Pepper Trimmed Mean: ', num2str(psnr_salt_pepper_trimmed)]);

disp(['Gaussian Bilateral: ', num2str(psnr_gaussian_bilateral)]);


disp(['Poisson Bilateral: ', num2str(psnr_poisson_bilateral)]);
disp(['Salt & Pepper Bilateral: ', num2str(psnr_salt_pepper_bilateral)]);

disp(['Gaussian NLM: ', num2str(psnr_gaussian_nlm)]);


disp(['Poisson NLM: ', num2str(psnr_poisson_nlm)]);
disp(['Salt & Pepper NLM: ', num2str(psnr_salt_pepper_nlm)]);

% Step 5: Visualize Results


figure;
subplot(2, 2, 1), imshow(img), title('Original');
subplot(2, 2, 2), imshow(img_gaussian), title('Gaussian Noise');
subplot(2, 2, 3), imshow(img_poisson), title('Poisson Noise');
subplot(2, 2, 4), imshow(img_salt_pepper), title('Salt & Pepper Noise');

figure;
subplot(2, 2, 1), imshow(img_gaussian_median), title('Gaussian Median');
subplot(2, 2, 2), imshow(img_poisson_median), title('Poisson Median');
subplot(2, 2, 3), imshow(img_salt_pepper_median), title('Salt & Pepper Median');
subplot(2, 2, 4), imshow(img_gaussian_trimmed), title('Gaussian Trimmed Mean');

figure;
subplot(4, 2, 1), imshow(img_poisson_trimmed), title('Poisson Trimmed Mean');
subplot(4, 2, 2), imshow(img_salt_pepper_trimmed), title('Salt & Pepper Trimmed
Mean');

subplot(4, 2, 3), imshow(img_gaussian_bilateral), title('Gaussian Bilateral');


subplot(4, 2, 4), imshow(img_poisson_bilateral), title('Poisson Bilateral');
subplot(4, 2, 5), imshow(img_salt_pepper_bilateral), title('Salt & Pepper
Bilateral');

subplot(4, 2, 6), imshow(img_gaussian_nlm), title('Gaussian NLM');


subplot(4, 2, 7), imshow(img_poisson_nlm), title('Poisson NLM');
subplot(4, 2, 8), imshow(img_salt_pepper_nlm), title('Salt & Pepper NLM');
% Trimmed Mean Filter Function
function filtered_img = trimmed_mean_filter(img, window_size, trim_percent)
[rows, cols] = size(img);
filtered_img = zeros(rows, cols);
pad = floor(window_size / 2);
img_padded = padarray(img, [pad pad], 'symmetric');

for i = 1:rows
for j = 1:cols
window = img_padded(i:i+window_size-1, j:j+window_size-1);
window_sorted = sort(window(:));
trim = floor(numel(window_sorted) * trim_percent / 100);
window_trimmed = window_sorted(trim+1:end-trim);
filtered_img(i, j) = mean(window_trimmed);
end
end
end

PSNR values:

Gaussian Median: 26.7024

Poisson Median: 35.4519

Salt & Pepper Median: 34.5496

Gaussian Trimmed Mean: 27.7464

Poisson Trimmed Mean: 35.1597

Salt & Pepper Trimmed Mean: 34.0451

Gaussian Bilateral: 29.2312

Poisson Bilateral: 30.5594

Salt & Pepper Bilateral: 24.7581

Gaussian NLM: 30.037

Poisson NLM: 43.9392

Salt & Pepper NLM: 22.1964

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