Republic of the Philippines

Leyte Normal University

College of Education
Tacloban City

Teaching Learners with Learning Disability

A written report for

PROF ED 102 FOUNDATION OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE

2nd Semester
S.Y 2024-2025

Submitted by:
Repulda,Cindy A.
Sales, Eden Mae
Solidad, Regene
Soriano, Baby Jane B.
Triste, Ma January
Uriarte, Sweetzell

EE1-1 MTH (10:30 AM – 12:00 PM)

Submitted to:
Jocelyn Bayrante
Course Instructor
Teaching Learners with Learning Disability

Teaching learners with learning disabilities (LD) involves providing

individualized instruction and support to help students overcome specific
academic challenges, using strategies like breaking down tasks,
providing visual aids, and offering alternative assessment methods,
while also focusing on building strengths and fostering a positive
learning environment.
Learning disabilities are neurological conditions that affect a person's
ability to process information, impacting areas like reading, writing,
spelling, math, or speaking. Students with LD have diverse needs, and
it's crucial to recognize that LD can manifest in various ways.

Types of Learners with Learning Disability

1. Behavioral or Emotional Disabilities:
Emotional Disturbance:
This category encompasses challenges related to mental health, such as
anxiety, depression, and other behavioral issues that impact academic
performance.
2. Sensory Impaired Disorders:
Visual Impairment:
This includes conditions like blindness, partial sight, and color blindness
that affect a student's ability to see and learn.
Hearing Impairment:
This encompasses conditions ranging from mild hearing loss to
deafness, impacting a student's ability to hear and process auditory
information.
Auditory Processing Disorder:
Students with this disability can hear sounds, but struggle to understand,
make sense of, and process what they are hearing.
3. Physical Disabilities:
Orthopedic Disability:
This refers to physical impairments that affect a student's mobility or
ability to perform physical tasks.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI):
This involves brain injuries caused by external forces, potentially leading
to cognitive, psychosocial, or physical impairments.
4. Developmental Disabilities:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
A neurological developmental disability that can impact a student's ability
to learn and interact socially.
Intellectual Disability:
This refers to significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and
adaptive behavior.

Specific Learning Disabilities:

These are neurological conditions that affect the ability to learn specific
skills, such as reading, writing, or math.
●Dyslexia: A language-based learning disability that makes it difficult to
decode and recognize words.
●Dysgraphia: A learning disability that affects handwriting and the
ability to organize information.
●Dyscalculia: A learning disability that makes it difficult to learn and
understand math and number-related concepts.
Here are the Classifications of Learners with Learning Disability
1. Dyslexia: Difficulty with reading, writing, and spelling due to
challenges with phonemic awareness, decoding, and processing written
language.
2. Dyscalculia: Struggles with math concepts, such as number sense,
calculation, and problem-solving, due to difficulties with numerical
processing and reasoning.
3. Dysgraphia: Challenges with writing, including handwriting, typing,
and composition, due to difficulties with fine motor skills, hand-eye
coordination, and written expression.
4. Dyspraxia: Difficulty with motor planning, coordination, and execution,
which can affect learning, social interactions, and daily activities.
5. Auditory Processing Disorder (APD): Difficulty processing and
understanding auditory information, which can impact learning,
communication, and social interactions.
6. Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit: Challenges with processing
and interpreting visual information, which can affect learning, reading,
and daily activities.
7. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Difficulty with
sustained attention, impulse control, and hyperactivity, which can impact
learning, social interactions, and daily activities.
8. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Challenges with social
interactions, communication, and repetitive behaviors, which can impact
learning and daily activities.
9. Language-Based Learning Disabilities: Difficulty with language
processing, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing, which can
impact learning and communication.
10. Nonverbal Learning Disabilities: Challenges with nonverbal skills,
such as spatial reasoning, visual-spatial skills, and social interactions,
which can impact learning and daily activities.
Levels of Need of the Learners with Learning with Disability
1. Mild: May require minimal accommodations and support, such as
extra time to complete assignments or the use of assistive technology.
2. Moderate: May require regular support and accommodations, such as
one-on-one instruction, modified assignments, or the use of a note-taker.
3. Severe: May require significant support and accommodations, such
as intensive one-on-one instruction, adaptive technology, or a
specialized learning environment.

Strategies for Learners with Learning Disability

1. *Individualized Instruction*: Tailor instruction to meet the unique
needs and learning style of each student.
2. *Multisensory Instruction*: Use multiple senses (visual, auditory,
kinesthetic) to engage learners and promote understanding.
3. *Repetition and Review*: Repeat and review material regularly to
reinforce learning and build confidence.
4. *Positive Reinforcement*: Use positive reinforcement techniques,
such as praise and rewards, to motivate learners.
5. *Assistive Technology*: Use assistive technology, such as text-to-
speech software or speech-to-text software, to support learners with
disabilities.

Strategies for Specific Learning Disabilities

*Dyslexia*
1. *Phonics-Based Instruction*: Use phonics-based instruction to
teach reading and spelling skills.
2. *Multisensory Instruction*: Use multisensory instruction to engage
learners and promote understanding.
3. *Assistive Technology*: Use assistive technology, such as text-to-
speech software or speech-to-text software, to support learners.

*Dyscalculia*
1. *Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) Instruction*: Use
CRA instruction to teach math concepts, starting with concrete objects,
then representational models, and finally abstract concepts.
2. *Visual Aids*: Use visual aids, such as number lines or hundreds
charts, to support learners.
3. *Assistive Technology*: Use assistive technology, such as math
software or calculators, to support learners.

*Dysgraphia*
1. *Multisensory Instruction*: Use multisensory instruction to engage
learners and promote understanding.
2. *Assistive Technology*: Use assistive technology, such as speech-
to-text software or typing software, to support learners.
3. *Accommodations*: Provide accommodations, such as extra time to
complete assignments or the use of a scribe.

*ADHD*
1. *Structured Instruction*: Use structured instruction to provide clear
expectations and routines.
2. *Break Tasks into Smaller Steps*: Break tasks into smaller,
manageable steps to support learners.
3. *Positive Reinforcement*: Use positive reinforcement techniques,
such as praise and rewards, to motivate learners.

*Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)*

1. *Structured Instruction*: Use structured instruction to provide clear
expectations and routines.
2. *Visual Aids*: Use visual aids, such as schedules or social stories, to
support learners.
3. *Assistive Technology*: Use assistive technology, such as
communication devices or social skills software, to support learners.

Accommodations and Modifications

1. *Extra Time*: Provide extra time to complete assignments or tests.
2. *Modified Assignments*: Modify assignments to make them more
accessible or manageable for learners.
3. *Assistive Technology*: Use assistive technology, such as text-to-
speech software or speech-to-text software, to support learners.
4. *Note-Taker*: Provide a note-taker or scribe to support learners.

References:
https://www.dcjs.virginia.gov/sites/dcjs.virginia.gov/files/
part_04_ldaamerica.org-types_of_learning_disabilities.pdf
https://www.waldenu.edu/online-masters-programs/ms-in-
psychology/resource/seven-learning-disabilities-every-psychology-
professional-should-study
https://www.helpguide.org/family/learning-disabilities/learning-
disabilities-and-disorders
https://www.verywellmind.com/learning-disabilities-types-causes-
symptoms-and-treatment-6386232
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/7961
QUESTION:

1. What is learning disability?

2. What are the types of Learning Disability?
3. What is the specific learning disability?
4. What is the difference between Dyslexia and Dyslexia
5. What is the Level of Need of the Learners with Learning with
Disability?
6. What are the strategies for learners with learning disability?
7. What are the most effective teaching strategies for students with
dyslexia i inclusive classrooms?
8. What are learning disabilities, and how do they affect students’
learning?
9. How can technology be used to support students with learning
disabilities?
10. How can teachers identify students with potential learning
disabilities in the classroom?