Scribd
Upload
8 views

lecture 1-1

The document outlines a course on databases, emphasizing their importance in various fields such as academia, programming, and business. It details the learning objectives, including database design, implementation, and management, as well as the advantages of using a Database Management System (DBMS) over file-based systems. Additionally, it introduces key concepts, components, and personnel involved in the DBMS environment.

Uploaded by

Hat Hackers
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views

lecture 1-1

The document outlines a course on databases, emphasizing their importance in various fields such as academia, programming, and business. It details the learning objectives, including database design, implementation, and management, as well as the advantages of using a Database Management System (DBMS) over file-based systems. Additionally, it introduces key concepts, components, and personnel involved in the DBMS environment.

Uploaded by

Hat Hackers
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

SPRING 2024

INTRODUCTION TO
DATABASES(CT-494)

Syed Muhammad Faraz


I.T.Manager
NEDUET Karachi.
Lecture 1
Why Study Databases?

• Academic
– Databases involve many aspects of computer
science.
– Fertile area of research.

• Programmer
– Lots of applications involve using and accessing
databases.

• Businessman
– Everybody needs databases => lots of money to be
made.
What Will You Learn ?
• Implementation
– How do you build a system ?

• Design
– How do you model your data and structure your information in a
database?

• Programming
– How do you use the capabilities of a DBMS?

• achieves a balance between


– A firm theoretical foundation to design moderate-sized databases.
– Creating, querying, and implementing realistic databases and
connecting them to applications.
.
Course Goals and Outcomes
 Introduction to basic concepts.
 Different Fact-Finding Techniques
 Take an English language description and convert it into a working
database application.
 Create E/R models from application descriptions.
 Convert E/R models into relational designs.
 Identify redundancies in designs and remove them using normalization
techniques.
 Appling indexing on your database
 Apply different security feature
 Create databases in an RDBMS and enforce data integrity constraints
using SQL.
 Write sophisticated database queries using SQL.
 Implement to a database using DBMS.
 Discuss transaction management concepts.
Books

 1.”Database Systems: A Practical Approach


to Design, Implementation, and
Management”, 4th Edition. Thomas Connolly.
Carolyn Begg
 2. “Fundamentals of Database Systems”,
Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant Navathe,
Pearson, 7 Edition, 2015.
 3. “Fundamentals of Database Management
Systems”, Mark.L.Gillenson.
Lecture objective

 Common use of Database systems.


 What is File-based systems ?
 Disadvantages of File-base systems.
 The meaning of the term ‘database’.
 The meaning of the term ‘database management
system’ (DBMS).
 The typical functions of a DBMS.
 The major components of the DBMS environment.
 The personnel involved in the DBMS environment.
 Why we use DBMS ?
Common use of Database system

 Business
 Education
 Industry
 Health
Database system example
Large database system
File-based system

A collection of application programs that perform


services for the system end-users such as the
production of reports.

Each program defines and manages its own data.


File Processing Systems

 Library

Examination Registration
Reg_Number Reg_Number Reg_Number
Name Name Name
Father Name Address Father Name
Books Issued Class Phone
Fine Semester Address

Grade Class
EXAMPLE OF FILE BASED APPROACH
Consider the effort that would be required to
answer the following questions:
 What three-bedroom properties do you have for sale
with a garden and garage?
 What flats do you have for rent within three miles of
the city center?
 What is the average rent for a two-bedroom flat?
 What is the total annual salary bill for staff?
 What is the expected monthly turnover for the next
financial year?
Disadvantages of File Processing System

 Duplicate Data

 Inconsistency

 Accessing Anomalies

 Poor Data Integrity


Disadvantages of File Processing System

 Poor Data Security

 Atomicity Problem

 Wastage of Labour and Space

 Data Isolation
What is Database?
What is a Database?

Data
Facts, figures, statistics etc. having no particular
meaning (e.g. 1, abid, 19 etc).
Record
Collection of related data items, e.g.
Roll no. Name Age
1 Abid 19

Information
Data that have been processed and presented in a
form suitable for human interpretation
What is Database ?

 Collection of data.

 More specifically collection of interrelated or


integrated data, containing information specific to
an enterprise.
What is Application Programs ?

 A computer program that interacts with the database


by issuing an appropriate request (typically an SQL
statement) to the DBMS.
What is DBMS?
What is DBMS?

 A Database Management System (DBMS) is a


software package designed to store and manage
databases.
 A very large, integrated or interrelated collection of
data and a set of programs to access those data.
 A software system that enables users to define,
create, maintain, and control access to the database.
VIEWS

 It allows each user to have his or her own view of the


database.
 A view is essentially some subset of the database.

Benefits of Views:
 Reduce complexity
 Provide a level of security
 Provide a mechanism to customize the appearance of
the database
 Present a consistent, unchanging picture of the
structure of the database, even if the underlying
database is changed
Components of DBMS Environment

 Hardware
It can range from a PC to a network of computers.
 Software
DBMS, operating system, network software (if necessary) and also the
application programs.
 Data
Used by the organization and a description of this data called the schema.
 Procedures
Instructions and rules that should be applied to the design and use of the
database and DBMS.
 People
Includes database designers, DBAs, application programmers, and end-
users.
Role in the Database Environment
 Database Administrators (DBA)
Authorizing access to the database
Coordinating and monitoring its use
Maintain software and hardware resources
 Database Designers
Identify the data to be stored and choose the appropriate
structure to represent and store the data
 Application developer
Provide required functionality for the end-users
 End Users
The end-users are the ‘clients’ for the database
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS

 Control of data redundancy


 Data consistency
 More information from the same amount of data
 Sharing of data
 Improved data integrity
 Improved security
 Enforcement of standards
 Balance conflicting requirements
 Improved data accessibility and responsiveness
 Increased productivity
 Improved maintenance through data independence
 Increased concurrency
 Improved backup and recovery services
Library Examination Registration

Library Examination Registration


Applications Applications Applications

Database
Management
System

University
Students
Database

You might also like