NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Jan 2025

Course Name: Computer Networks and Internet Protocol

Assignment 7 - Week 7 (Jan 2025)
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ
Number of questions: 10 Total mark: 10 X 1 = 10

QUESTION 1

Which of the following statements about delay components in a network is false?

a) Propagation delay depends on the length of the transmission link.

b) Queuing delay increases when incoming data exceeds the processing rate of a router.
c) Transmission delay is influenced by the packet size and the bandwidth of the channel.
d) Transmission delay is typically greater than queuing delay in congested networks.

Correct Answer: (d)

Detailed solution: In congested networks, queuing delay is usually much greater than transmission
delay. Queuing delay arises when packets wait in a buffer due to high traffic and limited processing
capacity, which is more significant during congestion. Transmission delay, on the other hand, is
determined by the time it takes to push all bits of a packet onto the transmission medium, which
remains constant for a given packet size and link bandwidth.

QUESTION 2

How does traffic shaping differ from traffic policing in the context of QoS?

a) Traffic shaping identifies and marks packets for prioritization, while traffic policing
drops packets that violate QoS.
b) Traffic shaping regulates outgoing traffic rates, while traffic policing monitors and
drops packets violating QoS.
c) Traffic shaping prioritizes real-time traffic, while traffic policing prioritizes non-real-
time traffic.
d) Traffic shaping is applied only at the router, while traffic policing is applied only at
the source.

Correct Answer: (b)

Detailed solution: Traffic shaping regulates outgoing traffic rates, while traffic policing monitors
and drops packets violating QoS.
 NPTEL Online Certification Courses
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Jan 2025

QUESTION 3

Which of the following statements about the token bucket algorithm are correct?
S1: It allows burst traffic by using accumulated tokens.
S2 : It discards excess tokens when the bucket is full.
S3 : It smooths out traffic to a constant rate by dropping excess packets.
S4 : It allows traffic to exceed the token generation rate temporarily if tokens are available.

a) S1 and S3 only
b) S2 and S4 only
c) S1, S2 and S4 only
d) S2, S3 and S4 only

Correct Answer: (c)

Detailed solution: Only S3 is incorrect. The token bucket does not smooth traffic to a constant rate;
that is the characteristic of the leaky bucket algorithm. The token bucket allows bursts instead.

QUESTION 4

A video streaming service uses a token bucket with a token generation rate of 5 Mbps and a bucket
size of 10 MB. If the stream has a sudden burst requiring 20 MB of data, how much data can be
transmitted immediately without exceeding the allowed rate?

a) 10 MB
b) 15 MB.
c) 20 MB
d) 5 MB

Correct Answer: (a)

 NPTEL Online Certification Courses
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Jan 2025

Detailed solution: Since b=10 MB and r×t=5 MB, the request requires 20 MB, but at most, 10 MB
is available in the bucket immediately.
10 MB of the 20 MB burst transmitted immediately.

QUESTION 5

During peak traffic, a network's RED mechanism begins dropping packets when the average queue size
reaches the maximum threshold. Why is this early packet drop strategy crucial for maintaining QoS?

a) It reduces packet loss for inelastic traffic by halting elastic traffic completely.
b) It triggers congestion control in TCP before queue overflow occurs.
c) It ensures low-priority traffic is always prioritized over high-priority traffic.
d) It guarantees that all packets from elastic traffic are evenly distributed.

Correct Answer: (b)

Detailed Solution:

When the queue size approaches the maximum threshold, RED starts dropping packets to signal congestion
to TCP flows. This early signaling allows TCP to reduce its sending rate before the queue completely
overflows, thus avoiding severe packet loss and ensuring better Quality of Service (QoS) for all traffic
classes.

QUESTION 6

What is the primary role of a bandwidth broker in the DiffServ architecture?

a) Assign DSCP values to packets dynamically.

b) Reserve resources in all routers within a domain.
c) Facilitate inter-domain QoS agreements.
d) Manage traffic shaping at edge routers.

Correct Answer: (c)

Detailed Solution: The bandwidth broker manages and communicates QoS policies between
DiffServ domains, enabling end-to-end QoS through bilateral agreements.
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Jan 2025

QUESTION 7

A company deploys IntServ for a critical application requiring guaranteed QoS. However, some
flows experience denial of service due to resource unavailability. What mechanism in IntServ likely
caused this issue?

a) RSVP Policy Control

b) Admission Control
c) Priority Queuing
d) Traffic Policing

Correct Answer: (b)

Detailed Solution: IntServ's Admission Control ensures that new flows are admitted only if
sufficient resources are available. If resources are insufficient, the flow is denied access to preserve
QoS for existing flows.

QUESTION 8

A network router using Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) schedules packets from three classes with
the following weights: 1, 2, and 3. If the total available bandwidth is 600 Mbps, how much
bandwidth is allocated to the second class?

a) 100 Mbps
b) 200 Mbps
c) 240 Mbps
d) 300 Mbps

Correct Answer: (b)

Detailed Solution:
The weights sum to 1+2+3=6 The second class (weight 2) gets (2/6)×600=200 Mbps.

QUESTION 9
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Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Jan 2025

In a DiffServ domain, which of the following are responsibilities of the edge router?

(i) Packet classification and marking based on DSCP.

(ii) Queue management for congestion control.
(iii) Policing to ensure compliance with Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
(iv) Per-hop behavior (PHB) enforcement for forwarding packets.

a) (i), (iii) only

b) (i), (ii) only
c) (ii), (iii) only
d) (i), (iv) only

Correct Answer: (a)

Detailed Solution: Only A and C are correct. Edge routers perform classification, marking, and
SLA policing. PHB enforcement occurs at core routers, and queue management is a general
function across routers.

QUESTION 10

Which of the following parameters must be considered for admission control in QoS architectures to
determine whether a new flow can be admitted?

(i) Bandwidth availability on the network

(ii) Delay tolerance of the existing flows
(iii) Jitter requirements of the new flow
(iv) Packet loss rate of the current network traffic

a) (i), (ii) and (iii)

b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
c) All are True
d) All are False

Correct Answer: (c)

Detailed Solution: All these parameters are critical for determining whether admitting a new flow
will violate the QoS of existing flows.
NPTEL Online Certification Courses
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Jan 2025