MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(MUMBAI)
A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AMBULANCE’’
SUBMITTED BY,

Sr.
Name of Student Enrollment No. Seat No.
No.
1 Ayesha Aslam Kazi 2109930053 232262

2 Bhavana Santosh Kolkar 2109930075 232271

3 Khushaboo Rafik Shaikh 2209930296 232288

4 Vedika Anil Chavan 2109930092 232279

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF,

Prof. Patil S. A.

BRAHMDEVDADA MANE POLYTECHNIC ,

 BELATI, SOLAPUR
(2023-2024)

Certificate
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Smart Traffic Control
System For Ambulance” has been successfully completed by:

Sr.
Name of Student Enrollment No. Seat No.
No.
1 Ayesha Aslam Kazi 2109930053 232262

2 Bhavana Santosh Kolkar 2109930075 232271

3 Khushaboo Rafik Shaikh 2209930296 232288

4 Vedika Anil Chavan 2109930092 232279

as partial fulfilment of Diploma course in Computer Technology under the

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai during the
academic year 2023-2024.
The said work has been assessed by us and we are satisfied that the same
is up to the standard envisaged for the level of the course. And that the said
work may be presented to the external examiner.

Prof. Patil S. A. Prof. Pawar R. R. Dr. Joshi S. B.

PROJECT GUIDE H.O.D. PRINCIPAL
(Name & Sign of External Examiner)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With deep sense of gratitude we would like to thanks all the people
who have lit our path with their kind guidance. We are very grateful to these
intellectuals who did their best to help during our project work. It is our
proud privilege to express deep sense of gratitude to, Dr. Joshi S. B.,
Principal of Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur for his
comments and kind permission to complete this project. We remain indebted
to Prof. Pawar R. R. H.O.D. of Computer Technology (CM)
Department for their timely suggestion and valuable guidance.
The special gratitude goes to our guide Prof. Patil S. A. and staff
members, technical staff members of Computer Technology Department for
their expensive, excellent and precious guidance in completion of this work.
We thank to all the colleagues for their appreciable help for our working
project.
With various industry owners or lab technicians to help, it has been our
endeavor to throughout our work to cover the entire project work.
We are also thankful to our parents who providing their wishful
support for our project completion successfully.
And lastly we thanks to our all friends and the people who are directly
or indirectly related to our project work.

Ayesha Kazi
Bhavana Kolkar
Khushaboo Shaikh
Vedika Chavan

INDEX
 Chapter No. Particulars Page
No.

Abstract 1
1 Preamble 2
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Review of Literature 2
1.3 Problem Statement 5

1.5 Proposed System 6

1.5.1 Feasibility Study 6

2 System Architecture 8
2.1 Methodology 8
2.2 Modules 11

3 Software Requirement Specification 12

3.1 Requirements of System 12
3.1.1 Hardware Requirement 12
3.1.2 Software Requirement 12
3.2 Data Requirement 12
3.3 Functional Requirement 12
3.4 External Requirement 12

4 System Modelling 13
4.1 Dataflow Diagrams 13
4.2 UML Diagram 14

5 Implementation Details 18
5.1 Implementation 18
5.1.2 Platform Used 18
5.2 Modules and Language Used 22
5.3 Cost 22
6 Coding 23

7 Testing 33
7.1 Unit Testing 33
7.2 System / Integration Testing 33
7.3 Test Cases and Results 34

8 Conclusion 37
8.1 Advantages 38
9 Future Scope 39
10 References 40
11 Appendix A 42
 FIGURE INDEX

Figure No. Particular Page

No.

2.1 Waterfall Model of Software Development 8

4.1.1 Data Flow Diagram - Level 0 13
4.1.2 Data Flow Diagram - Level 1 13
4.2.1 Structural Diagram for system 14

4.2.2 Component Diagram for system 15

4.2.3 Use Case Diagram for system 16

4.2.4 Activity Diagram for system 17

TABLE INDEX

Table No. Particular Page

No.

7.3.1 Test case for sign up 34

7.3.2 Test case for login valid user 34
7.3.3 Test case for patient form submission 35
7.3.4 Test case for shortest route generation 35

7.3.5 Test case for ambulance detection 36

7.3.6 Test case for traffic light 36
 Abstract

India is a developing country, population of India is significantly growing.

India stands within the 2nd place in the world in terms of population. As
there will be increase in population gradually there will be increase in
number of vehicles, due to which the traffic congestion increases and
because of which the emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire engine etc.
face difficult to reach the destination in time. Under these circumstances, a
promising system that can clear the traffic signal especially in peak hours
and thus provide a safe route for emergency vehicles is extremely
important. In existing literature there’s less focus show on the emergency
vehicles to clear the trail, to overcome this issue a system is proposed by
using this technique we will manage and regulate the traffic signals at
junction which emergency vehicle approaches. Thus there’ll be easy
passing out for the emergency vehicles in traffic congestion. The proposed
frame work is modeled by the means of an experimental setup using
Arduino and LED displays which simulates a true time traffic scenario.
This simulation results illustrate the terms of detection still as is providing
passing for the emergency vehicle to of holdup in peak hours.

Keywords— traffic, emergency vehicle, destination.

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 1

 CHAPTER NO:1
PREAMBLE

1. INTRODUCTION

Unfortunately about 30% of deaths are caused due to delayed ambulance. In today’s
scenario the number of accidents per day is increasing exponentially and so is the
number of deaths caused by it. Every year, clear statistics state that thousand of people
lose the chance to live due to ambulance delays. One of the reasons contributing to this
delay is “Road blockag”-Road blockages are a result of poor road management and huge
population of vehicles giving rise to traffic jams on the road. Many nations worldwide
have adapted several strategies to combat this, one of the simplest was laying down a
different lane for emergency services on the road way.

1.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

We have gone through some traffic control systems the overview of them are as bellows:
1. “A Review of Intelligent Traffic Management Systems for Emergency Vehicles”
by Smith et al. (2018) – This study provides an overview of various intelligent
traffic management systems designed specifically for emergency vehicles,
including ambulances. It discusses the use of real time tracking, predictive
modeling, and adaptive signal control to improve response times and minimize
delays.
2. Enhancing Emergency Vehicle Navigation Using Intelligent Transportation
Systems” by Lee et al. (2020) – This paper explores the integration of
intelligent transportation systems (ITS) with emergency vehicle navigation. It
discusses the use of real-time traffic information, vehicle-to infrastructure
communication, and advanced routing algorithms to improve ambulance

response times and ensure safe and efficient navigation.

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 1. Review on Central Traffic Control System
Internet of Things is a giant network with connected devices and sensors that
gather and this is used to share data about how they are used and the
environment in which they are operated. IOT is the collection of smart things
which transmit and receive data in a much secured manner. Sensors are
embedded in every physical device. These sensors continuously emit data of
the working state of the devices. Sensors are functionally simple devices that
convert physical variables into electrical signals. Smart sensors are built as
IOT components that change the existing variable that is being measured into
a digital data stream for transmission from one gateway to another. Traffic is
generally organized in many domains with marked lanes, junctions,
intersections, traffic signals, or signs. The main problem is to regulate the
movements at an intersection.

2. A Survey on Ambulance Delay

Delay-Aware Accident Detection and Response System provides an

improvement by making efficient use of the benefits of sophisticated features
of smart phones and fog computing to propose and develop a low-cost and
delay-aware accident detection and response system, which we term
Emergency Response and Disaster Management System (ERDMS) using
GPS and android phone. The problem to detect the distance of the vehicles
from a specific location, and signal is addressed. Adaptive traffic signal
control method considers a number of factors on traffic to determine green
light sequence and the optimal green light length. Green light sequence,
using the traffic data real-time is determined using decision making method.
The methods used involve vehicle detection, green light sequence
determination and light length determination. The distance travelled by the
green light is determined by the light length.

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 3. A Literature Survey On Micro controller

Traffic lights will manage data about the various traffic density based on the
data collected particularly at junction, supported the density of the traffic
which is measured using new technique. However, using this technique it is
not possible to identify the density of the traffic beyond a particular distance
and it is too expensive. Similar method is employed in adaptive traffic
control IOT Based Traffic Signal Control Technique for Helping Emergency
Vehicles is proposed for the better management of the traffic of emergency
vehicles through the use of internet of things (IOT). The proposed method
enables the emergency vehicles to send message to the traffic signal
controller placed at the traffic junction where two or more lanes meet
regarding their arrival in order that the traffic can be regulated accordingly.

4. A Survey on GPS system for Traffic control system

Proposed the process of synchronization and connected vehicle technology

where each vehicle interacts with each other. This method displays the
results comparing with the existing traffic control system. This technology
comprises of connected vehicles, process synchronization, intelligent
transportation system, real-time processing and intersection management.
This paper has introduced a new algorithm to avoid the traffic deadlock. It
also depicts the singe intersection model for simulation, which represents the
effective results and the flexibility for the development. Traffic congestion is
a serious problem in big cities where the population is more. In this paper the
traffic is controlled using GPS which is used to detect the position of the
moving cars. IOT is installed in the moving car which is guided by GPS.
Traffic Light Control is extremely challenging. In this paper the author has
analyzed the complexity of Traffic Light Control on a single isolated
intersection and used the concept of supervised learning. The bottle neck of
this method is the data generation and annotation on the growing data in the
intersection.

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1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In today’s traffic world, ambulance plays a major role when an accident occurs on
the road network and the need arises to save valuable Human life. Transportation of
a patient to an emergency hospital seems quite simple but in actuality, it is quite
difficult and gets more difficult during peak hours. Traffic congestion in urban areas
significantly hinders the timely arrival of ambulances at emergencies. Precious
minutes lost due to gridlock can have life-threatening consequences for patients in
critical condition. This problem necessitates a smarter traffic management system
that prioritizes the movement of emergency vehicles. Traditional traffic lights
operate on fixed cycles, causing delays even when there are no ambulances. Drivers
may not be aware of approaching ambulances or intentionally block the way due to
lack of proper notification. An intelligent system is required to optimize traffic flow
and expedite the movement of ambulances. This system should Accurately detect
approaching ambulances. Dynamically adjust traffic light timings to prioritize
ambulance passage. Warn drivers about approaching emergency vehicles and
encourage them to yield the right of way.

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Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 6
 1.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM

If an ambulance carrying a critical patient or organ for transplantation need to reach its
destination quickly ,It requires a posses of traffic policemen on the ground to clear its path
and provide priority passage so we have a solution for this. When an ambulance equipped
with a sensor tracer and approaches an intersection ,the system will detect its presence. The
system will then communicates with the traffic signal controller and request a green light for
the ambulance. The traffic signal controller will grant the request and change the light to
green, allowing the ambulance to pass through the intersection without delay. In between the
it sends message to the central control system that a particular ambulance is crossing from a
particular road.
The ambulance driver or a user can login to the web application where the he or she will get
a shortest route to it’s destination from his current location. The user can also fill the patients
information form from the website for patient registration in hospital at the time of
emergency.
There is no need to wait for patient registration in hospital.

1.5.1 Feasibility Study:

1. Technical Feasibility:

This project is feasible with respect to technology. In this project, required

resources are quite easily available. Hardware we bought from online store and the
Software Development Kit is available on various websites.

2. Financial Feasibility:

The Project needs open source software’s and some hardware part like
fingerprint sensor which is easily available. Also, it is available at moderate cost and
can be purchased easily.

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 3. Time Feasibility:

The time given to actual development will be divided in web development,

backend server. For demonstration purpose it is required to user login to the system.
The requirements and work to be done is understood by all the team
members and the work is shared amongst the four team members. Also, we helped each
other using remote access to pc and without physically being there. So, the work was well

planned and that’s why it completed in given time period.

4. Operational Feasibility:

For the operation needs id and password for user login.

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 CHAPTER NO: 2
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

2.1 METHODOLOGY

In this model we used waterfall model for the project

Figure 2.1: Waterfall modal

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In this we used following steps

A. Communication

The software development process starts with communication between

customer and developer. In this phase we communicated with the user with following
principles of communication phase.
We prepared before the communication i.e. we decide agenda of the meeting
for concentrating on the features and services provided by other similar applications.
Our leader leads our team and drawn out all the requirement of from the user i.e. what
they actually needed, what is input, output format of system.

B. Planning

It includes complete estimation, scheduling and risk analysis.

In this phase we planned about when to release the software, cost estimation, risk in
The project regarding messenger application and transfer of files in that. Finally, in
this phase we estimated the cost of the project including all expenditure of software,
releasing software according to user deadline.

C. Modelling
It includes detail requirement analysis and project design. Flowchart shows
complete pictorial flow of program whereas algorithm is step by step solution of
problem.
We analyze the requirement of the user according to that we draw the block
diagrams of the system.
That is nothing but behavioral structure of the system using UML i.e. Class
Diagram, use case Diagram, Components Diagram etc.

D. Construction
It includes coding and testing steps:

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 1) Coding
Design details are implemented using appropriate programming language.
In coding we have chosen the JAVA programming language at the server side for
interacting with the database. For developing the web application, the HTML
language is used.

2) Testing
Testing is carried out by analyzing the application i.e. we first develop the
module of the application and step by step find out input and output errors such as
Interface errors, performance errors, data structure errors, initialization errors
etc. Therefore, here Black Box testing strategy is useful.

E. Deployment
It includes software delivery, support and feedback from customer. If user
suggest some corrections, or demands additional capabilities then changes are
required for such corrections or enhancements. After user evaluation, next spiral

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 2.2 MODULES
There are two modules in our web application that are as follows:
1. Ambulance operator
2. User

1. Ambulance operator :
Ambulance operator can login to the web application and add his current
location and the destination hospital which generates the shortest route to its
destination which will save the response time of ambulance. It will also provide a
patient registration form.

2. User :
User can login to the application and can do patient registration. At the time of
emergency one can easily register the patient. There is no need to wait at the time
of emergency occurred.

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Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 13
 CHAPTER NO: 3
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

3.1 REQUIREMENTS OF SYSTEM

3.1.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
• Processor: Any type
• Main Memory: 2 GB
• Hard disk / SSD
• Arduino
• Sensor

3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

• Platform: Windows 10
• IDE: Eclipse
• Programming language: HTML, CSS, MySQL, JavaScript
• Server: Apache Server

3.2 DATA REQUIREMENT

To run this application we need Eclipse, XAMPP Server, MySQL, Arduino, PHP,
HTML, CSS installed in laptop.

3.3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

The system web app requires internet as well as sensor to perform its functionality.

3.4 EXTERNAL REQUIREMENT

We required Arduino board and sensor as a hardware with internet connection.

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 CHAPTER NO:4
SYSTEM MODELLING

4.1 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data flow diagram(DFD) shows logical flow of system. Data flow diagrams
are more disciplined and structured. Data flow diagrams are quite readable
independent of complexity of system. The DFDs of the project as shown below:
Level 0 – Data Flow Diagram

Ambulance operator Login Main Page

operator

User
Figure 4.1.1: DFD Level-0 of System

Level 1 – Data Flow Diagram

Figure 4.1.2: DFD Level-1 of System

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 4.2 UML DIAGRAM
Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a standardized modelling language used
to design a software-based system model. UML includes a set of graphical
diagrams. There are two broad categories of diagrams as-
1. Structural diagram
2. Behavioral diagram

1. Structural Diagram:
The structural diagrams illustrate the static structure of the entire system.
These Static structures represent the aspects of a diagram shows the main structure
of system. These static structures are represented in the form of classes, objects,
interfaces,
Nodes, components etc. The four structural diagrams are-

Figure 4.2.1: Structural diagram of System

I. Component Diagram:
A Component diagram illustrates the pieces of software, embedded
controllers, etc. that will make up a system. A Component diagram hides the system

behavior at higher level. The abstraction level of component diagram is more as

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 compare to class diagram. Component is composed by one or more classes.
Component diagram of proposed system is as shown in Figure 4.2.2.

Figure 4.2.2: Component Diagram of System

2. Behavioral Diagram:
These diagrams are used to represent dynamic aspects of the system. UML has
The following five types of behavioral diagrams-
I. Use case diagram
II. Activity diagram

I. Use Case Diagram:

A use case diagram in the type of behavioral diagram. It is defined by as well
as created from a use-case analysis. The main goal is to constitute the graphical

structure of the overall functionality provided by a system in terms of actors

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 and dependencies between the use cases. Use case diagram of Universal Voting
System shown in Figure 4.2.3.

Fig4.2.3: Use Case Diagram for System

II. Activity Diagram:

An activity diagram is a type of interaction diagram. Activity diagram is
same as flow chart diagram that represents flow of one activity to another activity. It
maintains the order of processes operate with one to another. Activity diagram of
proposed system is as shown in Figure 4.2.4.

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 Fig 4.2.4: Activity Diagram for Sensor

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 CHAPTER NO: 5
IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS

5.1 IMPLEMENTATION
One of the most critical decisions to be made was the LANGUAGE. The project
deals with user application so it required a language that provides all the required
features as well as it should be easy to use. So finally we arrived at conclusion to
use python as implementation language.

5.2 PLATFORM USED

1. Programming Language: Python
Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van
Rossum, and released in 1991. Python is a widely used general-purpose,
highlevel programming language. It was initially designed by Guido van
Rossum in 1991 and developed by Python Software Foundation. It was
mainly developed for emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows
programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code. In the late 1980s,
history was about to be written. It was that time when working on Python
started. Soon after that, Guido Van Rossum began doing its application-
based work in December of 1989 at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatics
(CWI) which is situated in the Netherlands. It was started as a hobby project
because he was looking for an interesting project to keep him occupied
during Christmas. Python is −
1. Easy to Code

Python is a very high-level programming language, yet it is effortless to

learn. Anyone can learn to code in Python in just a few hours or a few days.
Mastering Python and all its advanced concepts, packages and modules
might take some more time. However, learning the basic Python syntax is
very easy, as compared to other popular languages like C, C++, and Java.

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2. Easy to Read

code looks like simple English words. There is no use of semicolons or brackets,
and the indentations define the code block. You can tell what the code is
supposed to do simply by looking at it.

3. Free and Open-Source

Python is developed under an OSI-approved open source license. Hence, it is
completely free to use, even for commercial purposes. It doesn’t cost anything
to download Python or to include it in your application. It can also be freely
modified and re-distributed.
4. Robust Standard Library
Python has an extensive standard library available for anyone to use. This means
that programmers don’t have to write their code for every single thing unlike
other programming languages. There are libraries for image manipulation,
databases, unit-testing, expressions and a lot of other functionalities. In addition
to the standard library, there is also a growing collection of thousands of
components, which are all available in the
5. Portable
Python is portable in the sense that the same code can be used on different machines.
Suppose you write a Python code on a Mac. If you want to run it on
Windows or Linux later, you don’t have to make any changes to it. As such, there
is no need to write a program multiple times for several platforms.
6. Object-Oriented and Procedure-Oriented
A programming language is object-oriented if it focuses design around data and
objects, rather than functions and logic. On the contrary, a programming
language is procedure-oriented if it focuses more on functions (code that can be
reused). One of the critical Python features is that it supports both object-
oriented and procedure-oriented programming.
7. Extensible
A programming language is said to be extensible if it can be extended to other
languages. Python code can also be written in other languages like C++, making
it a highly extensible language.

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9. Expressive
Python needs to use only a few lines of code to perform complex tasks. For example, to
display Hello World, you simply need to type one line – print(“Hello
World”). Other languages like Java or C would take up multiple lines to execute this.
10. Support for GUI
One of the key aspects of any programming language is support for GUI or
Graphical User Interface. A user can easily interact with the software using a
GUI. Python offers various toolkits, such as Tkinter, wxPython and JPython,
which allows for GUI’s easy and fast development.

2. Data base : MYSQL

MySQL is an Oracle-backed open source relational database management
system (RDBMS) based on Structured Query Language (SQL). MySQL
runs on virtually all platforms, including Linux, UNIX and Windows.
Although it can be used in a wide range of applications, MySQL is most
often associated with web applications and online publishing.
MySQL is an important component of an open source enterprise stack called
LAMP. LAMP is a web development platform that uses Linux as the
operating system, Apache as the web server, MySQL as the relational
database management system and PHP as the object-oriented scripting
language. (Sometimes Perl or Python is used instead of PHP.)
Originally conceived by the Swedish company MySQL AB, MySQL was
acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2008 and then by Oracle when it bought
Sun in 2010. Developers can use MySQL under the GNU General Public
License (GPL), but enterprises must obtain a commercial license from
Oracle. Today, MySQL is the RDBMS behind many of the top websites in
the world and countless corporate and consumer-facing web-based
applications, including Facebook, Twitter and YouTube.

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 3. GUI: HTML,CSS
First developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, HTML is short for Hypertext
Mark-up Language. HTML is used to create electronic documents (called
pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web. Each page contains a
series of connections to other pages called hyperlinks. Every web page you
see on the Internet is written using one version of HTML code or another.
HTML code ensures the proper formatting of text and images so that your
Internet browser may display them as they are intended to look. Without
HTML, a browser would not know how to display text as elements or load
images or other elements. HTML also provides a basic structure of the page,
upon which Cascading Style Sheets are overlaid to change its appearance.
One could think of HTML as the bones (structure) of a web page, and CSS
as its skin (appearance). Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet
language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a
markup language like HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World
Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
CSS is designed to enable the separation of presentation and content,
including layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve
content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification
of presentation characteristics, enable multiple web pages to share
formatting by specifying the relevant CSS in a separate .css file, and reduce
complexity and repetition in the structural content.
Separation of formatting and content also makes it feasible to present the
same markup page in different styles for different rendering methods, such
as on-screen, in print, by voice (via speech-based browser or screen reader),
and on Braille-based tactile devices. CSS also has rules for alternate
formatting if the content is accessed on a mobile device.

5.3 MODULES & LANGUAGE USED

For
every module in the software we have used HTML Language
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 5.4 COST
5.4.1 Time Estimation
The working days: 25 days * 8 months = 200 days
The working hours per day: 6 hours
Total time span for development: 1200 hours
5.4.2 Cost Estimation
Arduino cost: 2000 Rs. sensor cost = 800 Rs/-
Installation of packages cost =1000Rs/-
So the total cost for the project will be approximately = 3800 Rs./-

CHAPTER NO: 6
CODING

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6.1. CODING

Index page
<!doctype html>
<html lang=”en”>
<head>
<!—Required meta tags →
<meta charset=”utf-8”>
<meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1”>
<!—Bootstrap CSS →
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”css/bootstrap.min.css”>
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”css/owl.carousel.min.css”>
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”css/owl.theme.default.min.css”>
<link href=’https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/css/boxicons.min.css’ rel=’stylesheet’>
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”css/style.css”>
<!—Unicons →
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=https://unicons.iconscout.com/release/v4.0.0/css/line.css />
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.4/css/
all.min.css integrity=”sha512-…” crossorigin=”anonymous” /> <title>Prixima BS5 Template</title>
</head>
<body data-bs-spy=”scroll” data-bs-target=”.navbar” data-bs-offset=”70”>
<!—TOP NAV →
<div class=”top-nav” id=”home”>
<div class=”container”>
<div class=”row justify-content-between”>
<div class=”col-auto”>
<p> <I class=’bx bxs-envelope’></i> [email protected]</p>
<p> <I class=’bx bxs-phone-call’></i> (219) 555-0114</p>
</div>
<div class=”col-auto social-icons”>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-facebook’></i></a>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-twitter’></i></a>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-instagram’></i></a>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-pinterest’></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!—BOTTOM NAV →
<nav class=”navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-white sticky-top”>
<div class=”container”>
<a class=”navbar-brand” href=”#”>LifeLine Saviors<span class=”dot”></span></a>
<button class=”navbar-toggler” type=”button” data-bs-toggle=”collapse” data-bs-
target=”#navbarNav”
Aria-controls=”navbarNav” aria-expanded=”false” aria-label=”Toggle navigation”>
<span class=”navbar-toggler-icon”></span>
</button>
<div class=”collapse navbar-collapse” id=”navbarNav”>

<ul class=”navbar-nav ms-auto”>

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 26

 <li class=”nav-item”>
<a class=”nav-link” href=”#home”>Home</a> </li>
<li class=”nav-item”>
<a class=”nav-link” href=”#about”>About</a>
</li>
<li class=”nav-item”>
<a class=”nav-link” href=”#services”>Services</a>
</li >
</ul>
<button class=”button” id=”form-open”>Login</button <a href=”#” data-bs-toggle=”modal” databs-
target=”#exampleModal” class=”btn btn-brand ms-lg-3”>Contact</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<!—SLIDER →
<div class=”owl-carousel owl-theme hero-slider”>
<div class=”slide slide1”>
<div class=”container”>
<div class=”row”>
<div class=”col-12 text-center text-white”>
<h6 class=”text-white text-uppercase”>Your security is our priority
</h6>
<h1 class=”display-3 my-4”>We’re here to get you there<br />The best ride to your
health</h1> <a href=”patient_information.php” class=”btn btn-brand”>Patient Registration</a>
<a href=”a.php” class=”btn btn-brand”>Get Location</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”slide slide2”>
<div class=”container”>
<div class=”row”>
<div class=”col-12 col-lg-10 offset-lg-1 text-white”>
<h6 class=”text-white text-uppercase”>Make every second count.</h>
<h1 class=”display-3 my-4”>Brave & bold everyday <br />We’re on duty…to save your life!</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<!—ABOUT →
<section id=”about”>
<div class=”container”>
<div class=”row justify-content-center”>
<div class=”col-lg-5 py-5”>
<div class=”row”>
<div class=”col-12”>
<div class=”info-box”>

<img src=”img/aa.png” alt=””>

<div class=”ms-4”>
Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 27
 <h5>WHO WE ARE?</h5>
<p>”We are a team of dedicated and experienced professionals who are committed to providing the highest
quality of emergency medical services to our community. We are here to help you in your time of need, and
we will do everything we can to ensure that you receive the best possible care. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-12 mt-4”>
<div class=”info-box”>
<img src=”img/bb.png” alt=””>
<div class=”ms-4”>
<h5>WHAT’S OUR GOAL</h5>
<P>Reduce the average response time to 9 minutes or less Increase the number of patients who are
transported to the hospital alive and well Improve the patient satisfaction rate. Responding to calls quickly
and efficiently. Providing skilled and compassionate care. </P>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-12 mt-4”>
<div class=”info-box”>
<img src=”img/cc.png” alt=””>
<div class=”ms-4”>
<h5>BRAND’S IDENTITY</h5>
<p>It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable
Content of a page </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-5”>
<img src=”img/ff.jpeg” alt=””>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>

<!—Home →
<section class=”home”>
<div class=”form_container”>
<I class=”uil uil-times form_close”></i>
<!—Login From →
<div class=”form login_form”>
<form action=”#”>
<h2>Login</h2>
<div class=”input_box”>
<input type=”email” placeholder=”Enter your email” required />
<I class=”ui uil-envelope-alt email”></i>
</div>
<div
class=”input_box”>

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 28

 <input type=”password” placeholder=”Enter your password” required />
<I class=”uil uil-lock password”></i>
<I class=”uil uil-eye-slash pw_hide”></i>
</div>
<div class=”option_field”>
<span class=”checkbox”>
<input type=”checkbox” id=”check” />

<label for=”check”>Remember me</label>

</span>
<a href=”#” class=”forgot_pw”>Forgot password?</a>
</div>
<button class=”button”>Login Now</button>
<div class=”login_signup”>Don’t have an account? <a href=”#” id=”signup”>Signup</a></div>
</form>

<!—Signup From →
<div class=”form signup_form”>
<form action=”#”>
<h2>Signup</h2>
<div class=”input_box”>
<input type=”email” placeholder=”Enter your email” required />
<I class=”ui uil-envelope-alt email”></i>
</div>
<div class=”input_box”>
<input type=”password” placeholder=”Create password” required />
<I class=”uil uil-lock password”></i>
<I class=”uil uil-eye-slash pw_hide”></i>
</div>
<div class=”input_box”>
<input type=”password” placeholder=”Confirm password” required />
<I class=”uil uil-lock password”></i>
<I class=”uil uil-eye-slash pw_hide”></i>
</div>
<button class=”button”>Signup Now</button>
<div class=”login_signup”>Already have an account? <a href=”#” id=”login”>Login</a></div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<script src=”script.js”></script>
<section id=”services” class=”text-center”>
<div class=”container”>
<div class=”row”>
<div class=”col-12”>
<div class=”intro”> <h6>Our
Services</h6>
<h1>What We Do?</h1>
<p
class=”mx-auto”>At Emergency Ambulance Service our soule focus is the lives we touch everyday.The

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 29

communities we serve are more than just peoplein need.Our connection to the community is why we never
forget that the people we serve are our number one priority. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”row g-4”>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-md-6”>
<div class=”service”>
<img src=”img/11.png” alt=””>
<h5>Quality</h5>
<p>Delivering high quality patient care and customer service are our highest priorities </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-md-6”>

<div class=”service”>
<img src=”img/22.png” alt=””>
<h5>Compassion</h5>
<p>Delivering care with empathy,respect and dignity and treating everyone fairly.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-md-6”>
<div class=”service”>
<img src=”img/33.png” alt=””>
<h5>Integrity</h5>
<p>Emergency ambulance service built on integrity.We believe in honesty,responsibility and hard work.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-md-6”>
<div class=”service”>
<img src=”img/44.png” alt=””>
<h5>Timeliness</h5>
<p>Reducing waits and delays for both those who receive and who give care.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-md-6”>
<div class=”service”>
<img src=”img/55.png” alt=””>
<h5>Communications</h5> <p>Listening to and supporting each other,and creating an
environment that seeks and hears the voice of customer.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-md-6”>
<div class=”service”>
<img src=”img/66.png” alt=””>
<h5>Safety</h5> <p>Promoting a culture of respect and accountability that provides the
highest degree of safety to our patient and caregivers.</p>

</div>
</div>
Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 30
 </div>
</div>
</section>
<footer>
<div class=”footer-top text-center”>
<div class=”container”>
<div class=”row justify-content-center”>
<div class=”col-lg-6 text-center”>
<h4 class=”navbar-brand”>LifeLine Savior<span class=”dot”>.</span></h4>
<p>Good, better, best. Never let it rest. ‘Til your good is better and your better is best.</p>
<div class=”col-auto social-icons”>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-facebook’></i></a>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-twitter’></i></a>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-instagram’></i></a>
<a href=”#”><I class=’bx bxl-pinterest’></i></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class=”footer-bottom text-center”>

<p class=”mb-0”>Copyright@2024. All rights Reserved</p>
</div>
</footer>

<!—Modal → <div class=”modal fade” id=”exampleModal” tabindex=”-1” aria-

labelledby=”exampleModalLabel” ariahidden=”true”>
<div class=”modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-xl”>
<div class=”modal-content”>
<div class=”modal-body p-0”>
<div class=”container-fluid”>
<div class=”row gy-4”>
<div class=”col-lg-4 col-sm-12 bg-cover”
Style=”background-image: url(img/c2.jpg); min-height:600px;”>
<div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-8”>
<div>
<h1>Get in touch</h1>
<p>Fell free to contact us and we will get back to you as soon as possible</p>
</div>
<div class=”col-lg-6”>
<label for=”userName” class=”form-label”>First name</label>
<input type=”text” class=”form-control” placeholder=”Lorisa” id=”userName”
Aria-describedby=”emailHelp”>
</div>

<div class=”col-lg-6”>
<label for=”userName” class=”form-label”>Last name</label>
Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 31
 <input type=”text” class=”form-control” placeholder=”Smith” id=”userName” Aria-
describedby=”emailHelp”>
</div>
<div class=”col-12”>
<label for=”userName” class=”form-label”>Email address</labe
<input type=”email” class=”form-control” [email protected] id=”userName”
Aria-describedby=”emailHelp”> </div>
<div class=”col-12”>
<label for=”exampleInputEmail1” class=”form-label”>Enter
Message</label> <textarea name=”” placeholder=”This is looking great and
nice.” Class=”formcontrol” id=”” rows=”4”> </textarea> </div>
<div class=”col-12”>
<button type=”submit” class=”btn btn-brand” value=”Submit”>Submit</button> </div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src=”js/jquery.min.js”></script>
<script src=”js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js”></script>
<script src=”js/owl.carousel.min.js”></script> <script
src=”js/app.js”></script>
</body>
</html>

Login page
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=”en”>
<head>
<meta charset=”UTF-8”>
<meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0”>
<title></title>
<style>
Body {
Font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
Background-color: #f0f5ff;
Margin: 0;
Padding: 20px;
}
.container {
Max-width: 600px;
Margin: 0 auto;
Background-color: #fff;

Padding: 20px;

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 32

 Border-radius: 8px;
Box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
. H1 {
Color: #1e88e5;
Text-align: center;
}
Label {
Font-weight: bold;
Color: #1e88e5;
}
Input[type=”text”],
Input[type=”number”],
Textarea {
Width: 100%;
Padding: 8px;
Margin-top: 5px;
Margin-bottom: 15px;
Border: 1px solid #ccc;
Border-radius: 4px;
Box-sizing: border-box;
}
Input[type=”submit”] {
Background-color: #1e88e5;
Color: white;
Padding: 10px 20px;
Border: none;
Border-radius: 4px;

Cursor: pointer;
Font-size: 16px;
Display: block;
Margin: 0 auto;
}
Input[type=”submit”]:hover {
Background-color: #0d47a1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class=”container”>
<h1>Patient Information</h1>

<form action=”#” method=”post”>

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 33

 <label for=”first_name”>First Name:</label>
<input type=”text” id=”first_name” name=”first_name” required>

<label for=”last_name”>Last Name:</label>

<input type=”text” id=”last_name” name=”last_name” required>

<label for=”telephone”>Telephone Number:</label>

<input type=”text” id=”telephone” name=”telephone” required>

<label for=”address”>Address:</label>
<input type=”text” id=”address” name=”address” required>

<label for=”city”>City:</label>
<input type=”text” id=”city” name=”city” required>

<label for=”province”>Province:</label>
<input type=”text” id=”province” name=”province” required>

<label for=”postal_code”>Postal Code:</label>

<input type=”text” id=”postal_code” name=”postal_code” required>

<label for=”date_of_birth”>Date of Birth:</label>

<input type=”date” id=”date_of_birth” name=”date_of_birth” required>

<label for=”marital_status”>Marital Status:</label>

<select id=”marital_status” name=”marital_status” required>
<option value=””>Select</option>
<option value=”Single”>Single</option>
<option value=”Married”>Married</option>
<option value=”Divorced”>Divorced</option>
<option value=”Widowed”>Widowed</option>
</select> <label for=”medical_history”>Medical History:</label>
<textarea id=”medical_history” name=”medical_history” rows=”4”></textarea>
<label for=”adhar_card_no”>Adhar Card Number:</label>
<input type=”text” id=”adhar_card_no” name=”adhar_card_no” required>
<input type=”submit” value=”Submit”>

</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 34

Map generation page

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=”en”>
<head>
<meta charset=”UTF-8”>
<meta name=”viewport” content=”width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0”>

<title>Get Map</title>
<style>
Body {
Font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
Background-color: #f0f0f0;
Margin: 0;
Padding: 0;
Display: flex;
Justify-content: center;
Align-items: center;
Height: 100vh;
}
#map-container {
Width: 80%;
Max-width: 600px;
Background-color: #fff;
Border-radius: 8px;
Box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
Padding: 20px;
}
Input[type=”text”] {
Width: 100%;
Padding: 10px;
Margin-bottom: 10px;
Box-sizing: border-box;
Border: 1px solid #ccc;
Border-radius: 4px;
Font-size: 16px;
}
Button {
Padding: 10px 20px;
Background-color: #007bff;
Color: #fff;
Border: none;

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 35

 Border-radius: 4px;
Cursor: pointer;
Font-size: 16px;
}
Button:hover {
Background-color: #0056b3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id=”map-container”>
<input type=”text” id=”currentLocation” placeholder=”Enter Current Location”>
<input type=”text” id=”destination” placeholder=”Enter Destination”>
<button onclick=”openGoogleMaps()”>Get Map</button> </div>
<script>
Function openGoogleMaps()
{
Var currentLocation = document.getElementById(‘currentLocation’).value;
Var destination = document.getElementById(‘destination’).value;

// Check if both current location and destination are provided

If (currentLocation && destination) {

// Redirect to Google Maps website with the specified locations

Var googleMapsUrl = https://www.google.com/maps/dir/ + encodeURI(currentLocation)
+
“/” + encodeURI(destination);
Window.open(googleMapsUrl, ‘_blank’);
} else {
Alert(“Please enter both current location and destination.”);
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 36

 CHAPTER NO: 7
TESTING

7.1 UNIT TESTING

Unit testing will be done by the developer and will be approved by the
development team leader. Proof of unit testing (test case list, sample output, data
Print outs, and defect information) must be provided by the programmer to the team
leader before unit testing will be accepted and passed on to the test person.

7.2 SYSTEM / INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing will be performed by the test manager and development
team leader with assistance from the individual developers as required. No specific
test tools are available for this project. Programs will enter into System/Integration
test after all critical defects have been corrected. A program may have up to two
major defects as long as they do not impede testing of the program.
The system is developed to autonomously navigate the robot in a
confined environment. The robot scans the distances of obstacles around it and maps an
efficient path out of it. Thus, we get a map of an arena and plotting is done.
The system was tested for accuracy, and tests were carried out to check
efficiency. The system must undergo tests to prove that it can stand the test for various
operations.

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 37

7.3 TEST CASES AND RESULTS

Test Case ID TC_1

Test Case name Sign up

Test case description
Modules like sign up button
Test steps 1. Enter valid email id and valid
password for Sign up
2. Click on sign up button.

Expected Result User should register with valid data

Actual Result User successfully registered

Status Pass

TABLE 7.3.1 TEST CASE FOR SIGN UP

Test Case ID TC_2

Test Case name
Login user
Test case description To enter valid email id and Password

Test steps 1. Enter valid E-mail id

2. Enter valid Password
3. Click on Login Button.
Expected Result
All details are successfully accepted.
Actual Result
All details are successfully accepted.
Status
Pass

TABLE 7.3.2 TEST CASE FOR LOGIN VALID USER

Test Case ID TC_3

Test Case name Patient registration form

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 38
 Test case description Patient information should be
accepted with valid data
Test steps
1. Enter valid patient data

2. Fill all required fields

3. Submit the form

Expected Result Patient data successfully accepted

Actual Result Patient data successfully accepted
Status Pass

TABLE 7.3.3 TEST CASE FOR PATIENT FORM SUBMISSION

Test Case ID TC_4

Test Case name For map rote generation
Test case description After adding current location and

destination system should give shortest

route to the destination

Test steps 1. Enter current location

2. Enter destination.
3. Click on generate map

Expected Result It should generate shortest route

Actual Result Shortest route is generated
Status Pass

TABLE 7.3.4 TEST CASE FOR SHORTEST ROUTE GENERATION

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 39

 Test Case ID TC_5
Test Case name Ambulance detection
Test case Sensor should detect the presence of
description ambulance

Expected Result Presence of Ambulance should detected

Actual Result Ambulance detected by system
Status Pass

TABLE 7.3.5 TEST CASE FOR AMBULANCE DETECTION

Test Case ID TC_6

Test Case name To check whether traffic light turns
green

After detection of ambulance.

Test case description Put your finger on fingerprint sensor.

Test steps Intersection of ambulance on particular

lane where system is set upped

Expected Result Successfully turn the light to green

Actual Result Successfully turn the light to green

Status
Pass

TABLE 7.3.6 TEST CASE FOR TRAFFIC LIGHT

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 40

 CHAPTER NO: 8
CONCLUSIONS

In this world of busy roads, traffic signal plays the vital factor in saving person’s life. In
this project we are not only tried to provide a way to ambulance but also tried to
provide a ready situation in hospital to do the treatment of patient in time. We
implemented two solutions like storing the medical history of all citizens, suggesting
the nearest hospitals and giving an optimal path to reach hospital in time. Citizens can
register and store their information with authentication which provides security to
them. To suggest the nearest hospital and optimal path GPS and micro controller
technologies are used. This system detects the occurrence of ambulance and switch the
signals to green. The entire system is automated, thus it require less human
intervention. “Smart Traffic Control System for Ambulance” increase the possibility of
saving lives.

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 41

 ADVANTAGES

Here are few advantages of Smart Traffic Control System

1) Reduced response times

2) Increased patient survival rates

3) Low cost

4) Improved traffic flow

5) Increased safety

6) Easy maintenance

7) Tackle the emergency conditions

8) Track real time location of ambulance

9) Suggest the nearest hospital and optimum route

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 42

 CHAPTER NO: 9
FUTURE SCOPES

The future of smart traffic control systems for ambulances holds immense promise
for saving lives. Here are some exciting possibilities: Advanced routing and
prioritization:
• Dynamic traffic light control: Traffic signals could communicate with approaching
ambulances and adjust light cycles in real-time to create a green wave, eliminating
red lights entirely.
• Multi-modal integration: The system could consider alternative routes, including
waterways or dedicated ambulance lanes, and seamlessly integrate with public
transport systems to temporarily clear a path.
• Predictive traffic management: By analyzing historical traffic patterns and real-
time data, the system could predict congested areas and reroute ambulances
proactively.
• Integration with hospital systems: Ambulances could transmit vital patient data to
the hospital ahead of arrival, allowing medical staff to prepare for the specific be
needs of the patient.

Improved infrastructure and automation:

• Dedicated ambulance lanes: Cities could create designated lanes for emergency
vehicles, equipped with retractable bollards that activate only for ambulances.
• Automated intersection control: Intersections could be equipped with automated
barriers or traffic calming measures that activate upon ambulance approach.
• Self-driving ambulances: While still in the distant future, the possibility of
autonomous ambulances, navigating traffic with precision and adhering to all safety
protocols, could revolutionize emergency response times.

These advancements hold the potential to significantly reduce ambulance response

times, leading to better patient outcomes and saving countless lives. However,
challenges like cybersecurity, infrastructure upgrades, and ethical considerations

surrounding autonomous vehicles will need to be addressed for these future

applications to become a reality.
Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 43
 CHAPTER NO: 10
REFERENCES

1. wikipedia.org

2. AhmedBenAyed(2017);AConceptualSecureNFC–
BasedElectronicVotingSystem;InternationalJournalofNetwork
Security&ItsApplications(IJNSA)Vol.9,No.3,

3. PavelTarasovandHiteshTewari(2017);TheFutureofE-
Voting;IADISInternationalJournalonComputerScienceand
InformationSystemsVol.12,No.2,pp.148-165I

4. ZibinZheng1,ShaoanXie1,HongningDai2,XiangpingChen4,andHuaiminWang
3(2017);AnOverviewofNFC
Technology:Architecture,Consensus,andFutureTrends;IEEE6thInternationalC
ongressonBigData.

5. Jesse Yli-Huumo1, Deokyoon Ko2, Sujin Choi4*, Sooyong Park2, Kari

Smolander3(2016); Where Is Current Research on NFC Technology?—A
SystematicReview;PLOS-ONE.

6. MahdiH.Miraz1,MaarufAli2(2018);ApplicationsofNFCTechnologybeyondCryptoc
urrency;AnnalsofEmerging TechnologiesinComputing(AETiC)Vol.2,No.1,2018

7. MichaelCrosby,Google,Nachiappan,Yahoo,PradhanPattanayak,Yahoo,SanjeevVer
m
a,SamsungResearchAmerica,VigneshKalyanaraman,FairchildSemiconductor(201
5);NFCTechnologyBeyondBitcoin.

Department of Computer Technology, Brahmdevdada Mane Polytechnic, Solapur Page 44

 8. FreyaSheerHardwick,ApostolosGioulis,RajaNaeemAkram,andKonstantinosM
arkantonakis(2018);E-Votingwith NFC:AnE-
VotingProtocolwithDecentralisationandVoterPrivacy;arXiv:1805.10258v2[cs.
CR]
9. KibinLee,JoshuaI.James,TekachewGobenaEjeta,HyoungJoongKim(2016);Electron
icVotingServiceUsingNFC-A; Journal of Digital Forensics, Securityand Law.

10. AayushiGupta1*,JyotirmayPatel2,MansiGupta1,HarshitGupta1(2017);IssuesandEff
e ctivenessofNFCTechnology
onDigitalVoting;InternationalJournalofEngineeringandManufacturingScience.
ISSN2249-3115Vol.7,No.1(2017)

11. GautamSrivastava1,AshutoshDharDwivedi2andRajaniSingh2(2018);Crypto-
democracy:ADecentralizedVoting Scheme using NFCTechnology.

12. FriðrikÞ.Hjálmarsson,GunnlaugurK.Hreiðarsson(2018);NFC-BasedE-
VotingSystem.

13. NirKshetriandJeffreyvoas(2018);NFCEnabledE-
Voting;www.computer.org/software.

14. UmutCanÇabuk1,EylülAdıgüzel2,EnisKaraarslan2(2018);ASurveyonFeasibili
tyandSuitabilityofNFC Techniques for the E-Voting Systems; International Journal
of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering.

15. Madise,Ü.&Martens,T.(2006).E-
votinginEstonia2005.ThefirstpracticeofcountrywidebindingInternetvotinginthe
world. Electronic Voting,86.

16. S. Raval, “Decentralized Applications: Harnessing Bitcoin’s NFC Technology.”

O’Reilly Media, Inc. Sebastopol, California(2016).

CHAPTER NO: 11

APPENDIX A
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SCREENSHOTS

Fig.11.1: MAIN TAB

Fig.11.2: LOGIN TAB

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 Fig.11.3: SIGN UP TAB

Fig.11.4:PATIENT INFORMATION

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 Fig.11.5: Selecting Destination

Fig. 11.6: GENERATED MAP

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