UNIT-I: Core Java + Networking + Applet

Q: What is Java? List its features.

A: Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.

Features: Platform Independent, Object-Oriented, Secure, Robust, Multithreaded, Portable.

Q: Difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM?

A: JDK: Includes tools to develop Java programs.

JRE: Environment to run Java programs.

JVM: Converts bytecode into machine code at runtime.

Q: What is platform independence in Java?

A: Java code is compiled into bytecode which can be executed on any system with JVM.

Q: What is bytecode?

A: Bytecode is an intermediate code generated by the Java compiler, executed by the JVM.

Q: What is inheritance in Java? Types of inheritance?

A: Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties and methods of another class.

Types: Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical.

Q: Difference between method overloading and overriding?

A: Overloading: Same method name, different parameters.

Overriding: Redefining a method in subclass with same signature.

Q: Can we override a static method?

A: No, static methods are not overridden. They are hidden.

Q: What is exception handling in Java?

A: Mechanism to handle runtime errors using try, catch, throw, throws, and finally.

Q: Difference between checked and unchecked exceptions?

A: Checked: Compile-time (e.g., IOException).

Unchecked: Runtime (e.g., NullPointerException).

Q: Explain try-catch-finally with an example.

A: try {
int a = 5/0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");

} finally {

System.out.println("Finally block executed");

Q: What is the use of throw and throws?

A: throw: Explicitly throw an exception.

throws: Declares exceptions that a method might throw.

Q: What is a thread in Java?

A: A thread is a lightweight subprocess, a smallest unit of CPU execution.

Q: Difference between Thread class and Runnable interface?

A: Thread: Extend class, override run().

Runnable: Implement interface, pass to Thread object.

Q: What is synchronization and why is it needed?

A: Prevents multiple threads from accessing critical sections simultaneously.

Q: What is the use of join(), sleep(), yield()?

A: join(): Waits for a thread to finish.

sleep(): Pauses thread for some time.

yield(): Allows other threads of equal priority to run.

Q: What is an Applet?

A: A Java program that runs in a web browser.

Q: Difference between Applet and Application?

A: Application: Runs independently with main().

Applet: Runs inside a browser.

Q: Applet Lifecycle Methods?

A: init(), start(), stop(), destroy()

A: <applet code="MyApplet.class" width="300" height="300"></applet>

Q: What is a socket?

A: A socket is an endpoint for communication between two machines.

Q: Difference between TCP and UDP?

A: TCP: Connection-oriented, reliable.

UDP: Connectionless, faster.

Q: How do you connect to a server in Java?

A: Using Socket class for clients and ServerSocket for server.

Q: What are ServerSocket and Socket classes?

A: ServerSocket: Waits for client requests.

Socket: Used by clients to connect.

UNIT-II: JavaBeans and Servlets

A: A Java class that follows certain conventions and encapsulates objects.

Q: How do you create a JavaBean?

A: Must have no-arg constructor, be serializable, and have getter/setter methods.

Q: What are JavaBean properties?

A: Attributes accessed using getter and setter methods.

Q: Types of Beans?

A: Stateful Session Bean, Stateless Session Bean, Entity Bean.

Q: What is a Servlet?

A: A Java program that runs on a server and handles client requests.

Q: Explain Servlet Lifecycle.

A: init(): Initializes the servlet.

service(): Handles requests.

destroy(): Releases resources.

A: GET: Appends data in URL.

POST: Sends data in request body.

Q: How is session tracking done in Servlets?

A: Via Cookies, URL rewriting, Hidden fields, HttpSession.

Q: What are Cookies in Servlets?

A: Small data stored on client side to maintain session.

UNIT-III: JSP (Java Server Pages)

A: Java Server Pages used to create dynamic web pages.

Q: Difference between JSP and Servlet?

A: JSP: Presentation layer.

Servlet: More control over logic.

Q: What are JSP Implicit Objects?

A: Predefined objects like request, response, out, session, etc.

Q: What is JSP Scripting?

A: Allows Java code inside HTML using <% %>, <%= %>, <%! %>

Q: What are JSP Directives?

A: Instructions to JSP container: page, include, taglib.

Q: What are JSP Standard Actions?

A: Tags like <jsp:useBean>, <jsp:setProperty>, etc.

Q: What are Custom Tag Libraries?

A: User-defined tags for reusable functionality (e.g., JSTL).

UNIT-IV: RMI and Hibernate

A: Allows method invocation across JVMs.

Q: Roles of Client and Server in RMI?

Q: Steps to Set Up RMI?

A: Define interface, implement, start RMI registry, register, lookup.

Q: What is the role of rmic?

A: Generates stub and skeleton (older versions).

Q: How are parameters passed in remote methods?

A: Passed by value, must be serializable.

Q: What is Hibernate?

A: ORM framework mapping Java classes to DB tables.

Q: Advantages of Hibernate?

A: No JDBC code, HQL, caching, lazy loading.

Q: Explain Hibernate Architecture.

A: Configuration, SessionFactory, Session, Transaction, Query.

Q: What is HQL?

A: Hibernate Query Language - object-oriented SQL.

Q: Difference between get() and load()?

A: get(): returns null if not found.

load(): throws exception if not found.