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Chapter 6 ICT-pages-2

The document discusses the evolution of programming languages, highlighting Assembly language as a second-generation language that requires assemblers for translation into machine language. It then describes third-generation procedural languages, which use English-like syntax for easier programming and require compilers or interpreters for translation. While high-level languages simplify programming and enhance productivity, they may generate less efficient object code compared to assembly language.

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13 views2 pages

Chapter 6 ICT-pages-2

The document discusses the evolution of programming languages, highlighting Assembly language as a second-generation language that requires assemblers for translation into machine language. It then describes third-generation procedural languages, which use English-like syntax for easier programming and require compilers or interpreters for translation. While high-level languages simplify programming and enhance productivity, they may generate less efficient object code compared to assembly language.

Uploaded by

黑崎一护
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2.

Second Generation (2GL) - Assembly language


• Assembly language is the human-readable notation for the machine language used to
control specific computer operations.
• An assembly language programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction code
that are meaningful abbreviations or mnemonics.
• Programs written in an assembly language cannot be directly processed by a computer.
We must use language translators, called assemblers, to translate assembly language
into machine language.
3. Third Generation (3GL) - Programming language
• Procedural language uses a series of English-like words that are closer to human
language, to write instructions.
• High-level programming languages make complex programming simpler and easier to
read, write and maintain. A compiler or interpreter must translate programs written in a
high-level programming language into machine language.
• Ex: C, C++, BASIC, JAVA
Characteristics Advantages Disadvantages
• “High-level” • To relieve the • A high-level language
programming language programmer of the has to be translated into
• Procedural language detailed and tedious task the machine language
uses a series of English- of writing programs in by a translator, which
like words, that are machine language and takes up time.
closer to human assembly languages • The object code
language, to write • To provide programs generated by a translator
instructions. that con be used on more might be inefficient
• Procedural languages, than one type of compared to an
because the program machine with very few equivalent assembly
instructions comprise changes. language program.
lists of steps, • To allow the
procedures, that tell the programmer more time
computer not only what of focus on
to do but how to do it. understanding the user’s
• A language translator is needs and designing the
required to convert a
high-level language software required
program into machine meeting those needs.
language • The programmer spends
• Two types of language less time developing
translators: Compilers software with a high-
and interpreters level programming than
with assembly or
machine language
because fewer
instructions have to be
created.

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