Class X

UNIT 1: Networking
Chapter - 1- Introduction to the Internet
EXERCISE 1
A. Choose the correct answer.
1. (b) HTTP 2. (d) 1990 3. (b) HTML pages 4. (c) World Wide Web
5. (a) Gateway 6. (b) Internet Service Provider 7. (d) All of these
8. (c) ISP 9. (b) Unique Address 10. (a) Web browser
B. Short answers type questions.
1. Although the primary application of all the web browsers is the same, they differ from each
other in more than one aspect. The distinguishing areas are:
 Text web browsers: - They support only text contents. 'Lynx' is a browser of this
category.
 Graphical web browser: - They are more advanced than text browsers. They support
both text and graphical.
2. The full form of IETF is Internet Engineering Task Force.
3. Search engine is a program that searches the documents for specified keywords and return
a list of the documents where the keywords were found. For example, Google, Bing and
Yahoo! Search.
4. ARPANET was a large wide-area network created by the United States Defense in 1969.
Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). The goal of this project was to connect
computers at different universities and U.S. defense.
5. A website address is known as URL (Uniform Resource Locator) on internet. It is a unique
address of a website through which a user can access the web site over the internet through
World Wide Web.
6. Internet is known as International Network. It is a network of networks that is spread all
over the world. It is a global network of computer networks that connects different types
of computer networks to exchange the information.
7. Broadband is defined as a high bandwidth connection to the Internet. Broadband can make
using the Internet in the home much easier, faster and more efficient. Broadband can be
provided over your phone line, via cable or via satellite. It involves large volumes of
information being carried at high speeds to your PC.
8. Short for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, the underlying protocol used by the World Wide
Web. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web
servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
9. A web site is a collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files that includes a beginning file
called a home page. It is the combination of multiple web pages.
C. Long answer type questions.
1. A web browser is a software application designed to help you access information on
the World Wide Web. At its most basic, a browser will:
a. It allows you to enter the URL of the resource you wish to retrieve from the internet.
b. Send a message to a server requesting that resource.
c. Accept the resource when the server returns it.
d. Translate the resource into a correctly laid out, viewable web page.
2. A Web server is a computer that deliver (serves up) Web pages. Every Web server has
an IP address and possibly a domain name. Any computer can be turned into a Web
server by installing server software and connecting the machine to the Internet. It's a
server used to communicate with Web Browsers as its clients and the communication
protocol used in this case is HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol).
3. You can use Internet in different ways:
i. E-mail: By using internet we can communicate in a fraction of seconds with a
person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication,
we can avail the facilities of e-mail.
ii. Social Networking: Today social networking sites have become an important part
of the online community. A number of people use this facility to remain in touch
with their nears and dears.
iii. E-Commerce (Online Shopping): In today's busy life most of us are interested to
shop online. In countries like USA, most of consumers prefer to shop from home.
We have many shopping sites on internet like amazon.com, snapdeal.com,
ebay.com, flipcart.com, junglee.com, etc. Virtually anything can be bought or sold
on the internet.
iv. Entertainment: On internet we can find all forms of entertainment from watching
films to playing games online.
v. Information: Information can be taken on any topic on the internet. It can be from
any source worldwide that has a presence on the Internet. For example, Agriculture
Advisers, Colleges, Universities, Banks, Purchasers and Supply companies.
vi. Business tools: Online management and business tools are very popular. For
example, online banking or currency converters.
vii. Discussion groups: It is used to exchange your views with others over the Internet
about your interests and views. Discussion groups are also very famous now a days.
viii. Other Services: Many services are provided on the internet such as online
banking, job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, paying bills, etc.
4. Electronic mail, e-mail or email is text messages that may contain files, images, or other
attachments sent through a network to a specified individual or group of individuals. .It
does the job of sending, receiving, storing as well as transferring files. Its functionalities
are like an ordinary postal service. It also has got some special features such as you can
store some of the emails, which is important, you can store all your friends email contact
with their address. Some of the email service providers are Yahoo, Gmail, Rediffmail,
Ymail, Hotmail.
5. The World Wide Web (WWW) is one set of protocol (software services) running on
the Internet. The World Wide Web is a subset of these interactions and supports
websites and URIs. World Wide Web can be termed as the software part – it is a
collection of web pages connected through hyperlinks and URLs. Whereas, the Internet
itself is a global, interconnected network of computing devices. This network supports
a wide variety of interactions and communications between its devices. Internet is the
hardware part - it is a collection of computer networks connected through copper wires,
fiber optic cables or wireless connections.
6. Dial-Up services use phone line and a modem. Your modem makes a phone call to the
internet service provider's modems to connect, so you cannot talk on the phone while
the internet is connected. Dial-up is one of the slowest types of service available,
however it is one of the most readily available because it was designed to use basic
services like the phone system that are already in place. Dial-up also requires you to
connect every time you want to use it.
Wireless services use radio signals from the ISPs tower to connect you to the internet.
The signal goes to an antenna on your roof or on the side of your building via shielded
cable to the radio. The radio is a small box that then connects to a computer or router.
Wireless technology is mostly used in mobile phones. NOTE: if you are using a laptop
or desktop that is wireless enabled, this is not the same type of wireless. This is a totally
different system called WiFi or 802.11abg, which you put in your home or business to
enable you to roam around your location and still have a connection.
7. Dial Up - It uses your phone line and a modem. Your modem makes a phone call to the
internet service provider's modems to connect, so you cannot talk on the phone while
the internet is connected. Dial-up is one of the slowest types of service available,
however it is one of the most readily available because it was designed to use basic
services like the phone system that are already in place. Dial-up also requires you to
connect every time you want to use it.
Broadband - Broadband refers to a connection that has capacity to transmit large
amount of data at high speed. Presently a connection having download speeds of
256kbps or more is classified as broadband. With a broadband connection, phone line
can still be used while using the Internet and both the phone and the Internet work
simultaneously and no dialup costs are incurred.
8. Internet was first developed in USA and used by the Department of Defense. This
network was known as ARPANET which was established in 1969. This was regarded
to be the first step towards the creation of the Internet. Internet, however, came to be
used more widely in the 1990's and ARPANET was shutdown in 1990's. In 1991, the
first friendly interface of the Internet was developed at the University of Minnesota.
9. A protocol is a set of rules that govern communication between computers. Protocols
specify secure interactions between the communicating computer devices. A network
protocol defines rules and convictions of communication between network devices.
For example, FTP, TCP/IP, SMTP, HTTP, etc.
10. The TCP/IP protocol is designed such that each computer or device in a network has a
unique "IP Address" (Internet Protocol Address) and each IP address can open and
communicate over up to 65535 different “ports” for sending and receiving data to or
from any other network device. The IP Address uniquely identifies the computer or
device on the network and a "Port Number" identifies a specific connection between
one computer or device and another (i.e. between two IP Addresses). A TCP/IP "port"
 can be thought of as a private two-way communications line where the port number is
used to identify a unique connection between two devices. The concept is very similar
to any other type of port on your PC (serial, parallel, etc.) except that instead of having
a physical connection, the TCP/IP protocol creates a "virtual IP port" and the network
hardware and software is responsible for routing data in and out of each virtual IP port.

EXERCISE 2
A. Fill in the blanks –
1. World Wide Web 2. Graphical 3. Web Browser 4. ISP 6. W3C
7. 1990s 8. E-mail 9. Internet Service Provider
10. World Wide Web Consortium
B. State true or false
1. False 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. False
6. True 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. False