RUSSIAN MARITIME REGISTER OF SHIPPING

Electronic version of printed

document approved on 30.09.16

RULES
FOR THE CARGO HANDLING GEAR
OF SEA-GOING SHIPS
ND No. 2-020101-097-E

Saint-Petersburg
Edition 2017
 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships of Russian Maritime Register of Shipping have
been approved in accordance with the established approval procedure and come into force on 1 January 2017.
The international requirements related to the cargo handling gear of Sea-Going Ships have been taken into
consideration.
The Rules are published in electronic format and hard copy in Russian and English. In case of
discrepancies between the Russian and English versions, the Russian version shall prevail.

ISBN 978-5-89331-354-3 © POCCHHCKHH MopcKofi peracTp CyHOXOflCTBa, 2017

 As comparted to the previous edition (2016), the twentieth edition contains the following amendments.

RULES F O R T H E CARGO HANDLING GEAR OF SEA-GOING SHIPS

1. Chapter 1.2: in para 1.2.1 the new definition "Appliance to convey the personnel (the appliance for the
personnel convey, the appliance)" has been introduced.
2. Chapter 1.3: new paras 1.3.1.7 and 1.3.3.9 have been introduced.
3. Section 5: has been supplemented with new Chapter 5.8 containing the requirements for the cranes used
to convey personnel.
4. Chapter 10.2: has been supplemented with new para 10.2.12 containing the requirements for the tests
of the appliances for the personnel convey.
5. Chapter 10.4: paras 10.4.3 and 10.4.6 have been amended with regard to the scope and terms of tests
of the appliances for the personnel convey.
6. Chapter 11.2: has been supplemented with paras 11.2.14, 11.2.14.1 and 11.2.14.2 containing the
requirements for marking of the cranes used to convey the personnel, and appliances for the personnel convey.
7. Editorial amendments have been made.
 CONTENTS
RULES FOR THE CARGO HANDLING GEAR OF SEA-GOING SHIPS
1 General 5 7.4 Counterweight 40
1.1 Application 5 7.5 Buffers 40
1.2 Definitions and explanations 5 7.6 Gripping devices 40
1.3 Scope of survey 7 7.7 Overspeed governors 41
1.4 Technical documentation 13 7.8 Ropes, details of cable run and fastening
1.5 General technical requirements 14 of ropes 41
1.6 Special requirements 18 7.9 Winch 41
2 Calculations 19 7.10 Electric drive, control, signalling and
2.1 General 19 lighting 41
2.2 Design loads and stresses 19 8 Ship's elevating platforms 44
2.3 Allowable stresses, safety factors and 8.1 General 44
stability margin 19 8.2 Calculation 45
3 Materials and welding 22 9 Gear and ropes 47
3.1 Materials 22 9.1 General 47
3.2 Welding 23 9.2 Fixed gear 47
4 Ship derricks 25 9.3 Interchangeable components 47
4.1 General 25 9.4 Loose gear 48
4.2 Calculation 26 9.5 Ropes 49
4.3 Cargo masts 27 10 Examinations, inspections and testing . . . 51
4.4 Derrick booms 27 10.1 General 51
4.5 Cargo winches and reels 28 10.2 Testing of interchangeable components
4.6 Safety devices 28 and loose gear 51
5 Ship's cranes and hoists 29 10.3 Testing and examinations of mounted
5.1 General 29 cargo handling gear 53
5.2 Calculation 29 10.4 Periodical surveys, examinations and tests. . 57
5.3 Metal structures 29 10.5 Occasional examinations and tests 57
5.4 Machinery 30 10.6 Limits of wear 58
5.5 Safety devices 30 11 Documentation and marking 60
5.6 Counterbalances 31 11.1 Documents 60
5.7 Mobile cranes and hoists 31 11.2 Marking and stamping 60
5.8 Cranes used to convey personnel 31 12 Technical supervision of cargo handling
6 Upper structures of floating cranes and gear in use 64
crane ships. Cranes on floating docks . . . 34 12.1 General 64
6.1 General 34 12.2 Periodical examinations of interchangeable
6.2 Calculation 34 components and loose gear, and ropes
6.3 Metal structures, drums, blocks 35 by ship's officers 64
6.4 Tests 35 A p p e n d i x . Nomenclature of main structures,
7 Ship's lifts 36 machinery and gear of cargo handling
7.1 General 36 gear subject to survey by the
7.2 Calculation 36 Register (to 1.3.3 of the Rules) 65
7.3 Metal structures 38
 1 GENERAL
1.1 APPLICATION S h o e s of t h e s h i p ' s e l e v a t i n g p l a t -
f o r m are elements of movable parts of the ship's
1.1.1 The requirements of these Rules apply to cargo elevating platform which ensure a certain position of
handling gear to be installed on sea-going ships, fixed the platform in relation to the guides.
offshore platforms, as well as on mobile offshore drilling B u f f e r of s h i p ' s e l e v a t i n g p l a t f o r m
units and intended for loading, unloading and moving of is a damping stop which provides substantial energy ab-
loads carried and for conveyance of persons, and other sorption of movable mass of the ship's elevating platform.
cargo handling gear listed in 1.3.1. U p p e r s t r u c t u r e of f l o a t i n g c r a n e ,
The Rules requirements apply also to loose gear c r a n e s h i p , e t c . is a cargo handling erection
suspended to cargo gripping devices which are an installed on the open deck which is designed to
integral part of the ship, such as slings, lifting beams, support a cargo handling gear and loads.
frames and container spreaders, etc. J i b r a d i u s o f b o o m is the maximum dis-
1.1.2 The Rules requirements are not applicable to tance between the centre of gravity of the cargo hoisted
the suspended drilling equipment and cargo handling and the vertical axis of derrick heel swivel rotation.
gear used for production processes in MODU, drilling C a r g o d e r r i c k r e e l s mean machinery used
and geological exploration ships, pipe layers, etc. as well for moving derrick booms without a load or holding
as to grabs and cargo lifting electromagnets. them securely when the boom is loaded, and driven
1.1.3 These Rules apply in full measure to cargo either by winches or independently.
handling gear, technical documentation for which S h i p ' s c a r g o l i f t is a ship's lift intended for
was submitted to the Register for review after coming lifting and lowering loads not accompanied by people.
into force of these Rules. C a r g o h a n d l i n g g e a r is a combination of
The existing cargo handling gear are covered by the appliances installed on board ship (floating facility) and
requirements of the Rules according to which they have intended for loading, unloading and moving of loads
been manufactured, as well as the requirements of from one position to another and for conveyance of
Sections 10 to 12 of these Rules. Application of the persons (ship's derricks, ship's cranes, hoists, ship's lifts,
present Rules in repair and rerigging of the existing ship's elevating platforms and upper structures of floating
cargo handling gear and in replacement of their cranes and crane ships).
interchangeable components and loose gear is subject L i f t i n g c a p a c i t y is the maximum weight of
to special consideration of the Register in each case. a safely lifted load including that of auxiliaries used
1.1.4 Cargo handling gear which are not regulated for securing the load, such as slings, lifting beams,
by the present Rules or those designed to operate platforms, nets, etc., as well as the weight of grabs,
under special conditions not specified in these Rules cargo lifting electromagnets, boxes and buckets.
are subject to special consideration of the Register. S a f e w o r k i n g l o a d of s h i p ' s l i f t is the
1.1.5 Compliance with the requirements of these maximum permissible weight of persons or loads, for
Rules is mandatory for obtaining or maintaining lifting or lowering of which the lift is designed,
Register documents on cargo handling gear. Such including the weight of auxiliary loose gear tempora-
documents are not part of the classification documents. rily used for securing the loads.
1.1.6 The Register may impose additional require- G e a r includes items of cargo handling appli-
ments not incorporated in these Rules provided they are ance used for transmission of forces and effecting of
necessary to ensure safe operation of the equipment. kinematic connection, other than machinery parts.
1.1.7 Provisions of the International Convention S a f e w o r k i n g l o a d ( S W L ) is the max-
on Occupational Safety and Health (Deck Work), imum allowable static load applied to each individual
1979 (ILO-152) and the ILO Code of Practice on component of the cargo handling gear.
Safety and Health in Ports, 2005 have been taken into Safe working load (SWL) for multiple-sheaved
account in the relevant Sections of the Rules. blocks is the working load limit on the eye.
Safe working load (SWL) for single-sheaved blocks
with or without a becket is the maximum allowable
1.2 DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
rope pull. For single-sheaved blocks without a becket
the allowable rope pull is equal to half the working
load limit on the block eye. For single-sheaved blocks
1.2.1 For the purpose of these Rules the following with a becket the allowable rope pull is equal to one-
definitions and explanations have been adopted. third of the working load limit on the block eye.
6 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

A n n u a l i n s p e c t i o n is conducted to verify bridges, gantries, etc. which take up loads acting on

the compliance of the cargo handling gear with the cargo handling gear.
documents issued. The scope of the annual survey is D e r r i c k c r a n e is a cargo handling gear
specified by the Surveyor depending on the technical having a boom which can be raised, lowered and
condition of the cargo handling gear. slewed with the help of winches which are an integral
I n t e r c h a n g e a b l e c o m p o n e n t s are such part of the cargo handling gear.
items as chains, rings, hooks, shackles, blocks, turn- M a c h i n e r y include cargo winches, cargo
buckles, etc. which are parts of a cargo handling gear derrick reels, machinery used for topping, slewing and
or loose gear attached to the elements of the cargo hoisting crane booms and travel of cranes and hoists.
handling gear or loose gear by detachable connections. G u i d e s of s h i p ' s e l e v a t i n g p l a t f o r m
S h i p ' s l i f t c a r is a load-carrying part of the are part of the ship's elevating platform designed to
ship's lift enclosed over its entire height and provided ensure the required direction of the platform move-
with a floor and ceiling. ment and to hold the platform in the position when
C o m p e t e n t p e r s o n means a Surveyor to gripping devices are tripped.
the Register or a responsible person authorized or F i x e d g e a r includes items permanently at-
recognized by the Register. tached to the structural elements of the cargo handling
A responsible person authorized or recognized by gear or to the ship hull, such as derrick eye plates or guy
the Register may be: ropes on booms, span eye plates and heel goosenecks
a responsible representative of the manufacturer with their bearings, derrick heel fork lugs, mast and
recognized by the Register as a competent person regarding derrick bands, deck eye plates, built-in sheaves, etc.
testing of loose gear and interchangeable components with A u t o m a t i c over load cut - o u t i s a
a proof load, testing of wire and natural fibre ropes and device automatically limiting a load on the crane or
chains as well as heat treatment of components in case part thereof by disconnecting the machinery drive
where is no Surveyor to the Register or where the when the load exceeds safe working load.
manufacturer has a permit for carrying out such tests L i f t o v e r s p e e d g o v e r n o r is a device by
and works without survey by the Register; which gripping devices are tripped when the preset
a non-exclusive Surveyor to the Register author- speed is exceeded.
ized to carry out survey according to the Agreement S h i p ' s p a s s e n g e r l i f t is a ship's lift
between the Register and the non-exclusive Surveyor. intended for lifting and lowering persons or loads
C o m p e t e n t b o d y means ministry, govern- accompanied by people.
mental institution or some other administration F l o a t i n g f a c i l i t y is a structure, such as a
authorized to issue rules, decrees or other instructions pontoon, floating dock, repair ship, mobile offshore
having the force of the law. drilling unit or a similar floating structure.
L i m i t s w i t c h is a device automatically limit- A p l a t f o r m of a s h i p ' s e l e v a t i n g
ing movement of a cargo handling gear or part p l a t f o r m is a load-carrying structure of the ship's
thereof by disconnecting the machinery drive in the elevating platform with or without side guards, which
extreme positions. runs between the guides with the help of ropes, a
S a f e t y f a c t o r is the ratio of the minimum lever-pulling system, hydraulic drives, gear rack or
breaking load to the safe working load. spindle. Where structurally required, a platform can
W i n c h w i t h a d r u m is a winch having a form a decked-in area of the ship and be fixed with
drum to coil a rope thereupon. locking devices in the working positions during cargo
W i n c h w i t h a t r a c t i o n s h e a v e is a winch handling operations and in the "stowed for sea"
provided with a sheave which produces a pull in the rope position. The ship's elevating platform may have one
by means of its traction in the groove of special design. or two platforms to carry out simultaneous cargo
W i n c h e s are machines for hoisting, lowering handling operations on different decks.
and movement of cargo or booms. H o i s t is a stationary power-driven or hand-
L i g h t - l i f t d e r r i c k is a ship's derrick with operated lifting appliance of a simplified design of cat
a safe working load of less than 10 tons per single- davit, telpher, pulley block or whip type.
slewed derrick. E f f e c t i v e j i b r a d i u s of b o o m is the
L i f t g r i p p i n g d e v i c e s are automatically maximum distance from the centre of gravity of the
operated devices for braking the lift car or a counter- cargo hoisted to the side or transom of pontoon when
weight with a certain deceleration and holding them in it is upright.
the guides in case a preset speed is exceeded when T h o r o u g h e x a m i n a t i o n means external
moving downwards or in case of a break in the rope. inspection supplemented, where necessary, by other
M e t a l s t r u c t u r e s (1 o a d - b e a r i n g- methods of survey, such as hammering, measuring,
s t r u c t u r e s ) include derricks, masts, posts, flaw detection, functional tests and disassembling of
1 General 1

the examined structures, machinery and parts of the The terms used in these Rules are shown in
cargo handling gear to check their condition and to Figs. 1 to 5.
verify their safe operation.
D r i v i n g u n i t is hydraulic pump units and
winches. 1.3 SCOPE OF SURVEY
P r i n c i p l e of a c c e p t a b l e n u m b e r of
p a s s e n g e r s is determination of the safe working
load based on permissible number of passengers 1.3.1 Subject to survey by the Register are the
which depends on the usable area of the car floor. following cargo handling gear:
P r o o f l o a d is a load whose weight is certified .1 ship's derricks, ship's cranes and hoists (pulley
with an accuracy of ±2 per cent for carrying out blocks, trolleys, telphers, etc.) having lifting capacity
proof load tests. 1 ton and more;
C o n t a i n e r s p r e a d e r is a cargo-gripping .2 upper structures of floating cranes and crane ships;
device in the form of a frame or a beam with fittings for .3 cranes on floating docks and cranes mounted on
gripping containers, which comply with international mobile offshore drilling units and fixed offshore plat-
standards and which are mechanically or manually forms intended for loading and unloading of supply
connected to the upper corner fittings of the container. vessels with safe working load 1 ton and more;
S h i p ' s d e r r i c k is a cargo handling gear .4 ship's cargo lifts with safe working load 250 kg
designed for holding and moving loads by the system and more and electrically driven passenger lifts
of blocks and ropes suspended to the derrick structure intended for lifting and lowering of persons and/or
and beyond it (to masts, posts, decks and winches). loads in the car moved by the ropes with a speed not
S h i p ' s e l e v a t i n g p l a t f o r m is a cargo in excess of 1,0 m/s;
handling gear with one or more platforms for vertical .5 ship's elevating platforms with a lifting
transportation of loads between cargo decks of ro-ro capacity 1 ton and more which move up and down
ships, operated by hydraulically or electric and with a speed not in excess of 0,1 m/s.
mechanical drives. Survey of cargo handling gear of other types and
S h i p ' s c r a n e is a cargo handling gear (sta- purposes shall be specially considered by the Register
tionary or mobile) capable of transporting loads without in each particular case.
any blocks or ropes suspended outside its structure. .6 slings, spreaders, lifting beams, frames, etc.,
S h i p ' s l i f t is a cargo handling gear intended being part of the ship;
for lifting and lowering persons or loads in a car .7 ship's cranes having lifting capacity 1 ton and
running between the guides positioned vertically in more, used to convey the personnel and appliances
the trunk relative to the position of the ship on an designed to convey the personnel.
even keel, and provided with lockable doors on all 1.3.2 Register survey of cargo handling gear of
passenger or cargo decks. other types covers:
L o o s e g e a r includes slings, lifting beams, .1 review and approval of technical documentation;
frames and container spreaders, etc., by means of which .2 survey of manufacture, installation on board ship
a load can be secured to the cargo handling gear but (floating facility) and repairs of cargo handling gear;
which do not form an integral part of the cargo .3 tests;
handling gear or load. .4 branding;
H e a v y - l i f t d e r r i c k is a ship's derrick .5 issue of Register documents.
with a safe working load of 10 tons and more per 1.3.3 The following items are subject to survey by
single-slewed derrick. the Register:
L i f t i n g c a p a c i t y i n d i c a t o r is a device .1 ship's derricks:
automatically showing (no matter whether the load is metal structures;
suspended or not) the maximum allowable design winches and reels;
load for the particular crane at different jib radii. components and ropes;
S t o p of s h i p ' s e l e v a t i n g p l a t f o r m is .2 cranes and hoists:
a device which limits platform movement in emer- metal structures;
gency or in extreme working positions. machinery;
A p p l i a n c e to convey the p e r s o n n e l components and ropes;
( t h e a p p l i a n c e for t h e p e r s o n n e l c o n v e y ) safety devices;
— nets, baskets, cradles or other products specially .3 lifts:
designed and certified for this purpose. metal structures;
L i f t t r u n k is a totally enclosed ship space lift equipment;
where the lift car and counterweight are positioned. lift winches;
 Fig. 1 Typical rigging of light-lift derrick

1. Cargo mast 15. Gooseneck bearing

2. Derrick 16. Lead block
3. Cargo winch 17. Derrick head fitting
4. Span reel 18. Upper cargo block
5. Span swivel bolt 19. Becket
6. Trunnion piece 20. Cargo runner
7. Span bearing 21. Lower cargo block
8. Span block 22. Cargo hook
9. Span rope 23. Guy plate
10. Shackle 24. Guy pendant
11. Derrick heel fitting 25. Tackle block
12. Gooseneck 26. Guy
13. Lead block holder 27. Eye plate
14. Adjusting ring 28. Topping rope
1 General 9

Fig. 2 Alternative rigging of light-lift derrick

1. Cargo mast 18. Swivel
2. Gooseneck 19. Cargo hook
3. Span gooseneck 20. Cargo runner chain stopper
4. Derrick 21. Triangle plate
5. Derrick head fitting 22. Winch drum
6. Guy plate 23. Topping rope
7. Derrick heel fitting 24. Span rope
8. Swivel axle 25 Span lead block
9. Cargo runner lead block holder 26. Snatch block
10. Trunnion piece 27. Guy tackle
11. Cargo winch 28. Guy winch
12. Cargo runner 29. Running end of guy tackle
13. Cargo runner lead block 30. Lower guy block
14. Cargo runner guide 31. Upper guy block
15. Cargo block 32. Eye
16. Thimble 33. Guy pendant
17. Shackle 34. Thimble
35. Eye plate with round lug
10 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

Fig. 3 Typical rigging of twin span tackle heavy-lift derrick

1. Gantry 18. Lower tackle cargo block

2. Cross-tree 19. Upper tackle cargo block
3. Cargo runner gooseneck 20. Eye
4. Span gooseneck 21. Cargo hook
5. Lead block gooseneck 22. Cargo tackle
6. Gooseneck bearing 23. Span winch
7. Derrick heel fitting 24. Span rope
8. Trunnion piece 25. Span lead block
9. Cargo runner plate 26. Span lead block plate
10. Derrick heel fitting 27. Span tackle movable block
11. Gooseneck 28. Triangle plate
12. Cargo winch 29. Gooseneck
13. Cargo runner 30. Span tackle block plate
14. Cargo runner lead block 31. Double fitting
15. Cargo runner plate 32. Span tackle fixed block
16. Built-in sheave 33. Span tackle
17. Shackle
1 General 11

Fig. 4 Typical rigging for union purchase

1. Gantry 11. Gooseneck
2. Cross-tree 12. Span rope
3. Hatch derrick 13. Trunnion piece
4. Yard-arm derrick 14. Span tackle
5. Derrick heel fitting 15. Preventer guy
6. Boom iron 16. Guy tackle
7. Cargo winches 17. Guy pendant
8. Cargo runner 18. Guy plate
9. Triangle plate 19. Sling
10. Cargo hook
12 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

Fig. 5 Deck full-swing crane

1. Crane post 13. Hydraulic motor

2. Supporting and turning circle 14. Topping winch
3. Crane turning part 15. Cargo runner
4. Luffing hydraulic cylinder 16. Rope sockets
5. Crane machinery space 17. Thimble
6. Operator's cabin 18. Connecting shackle
7. Derrick heel bearing 19. Counterweight
8. Derrick 20. Swivel
9. Marking 21. Connecting link
10. Guard plate 22. Chain
11. Stopper plate 23. Cargo hook
12. Rope guard against slipping off sheave
1 General 13

safety devices; .1 Specification (Explanatory Note);

ropes and parts for rope system; .2 general arrangement plans of the cargo
.4 ship's elevating platforms: handling gear with indication of principal character-
platforms; istics (safe working load, operation areas, outreach,
platform equipment; cargo lifting and lowering speed, maximum and
load-bearing components; minimum outreach, slewing speed, etc.);
safety devices; .3 general arrangement plans of cargo masts with
.5 machinery drives; derricks, ship's cranes, hoists, lifts and ship's elevat-
.6 electrical equipment of cargo handling gear; ing platforms, their attachments to ship structures
.7 boilers and pressure vessels used in cargo and hull strengthening in way of their installation;
handling gear; .4 drawing (scheme) of derrick and crane rigging;
.8 pumping and piping of cargo handling gear; .5 drawings of metal structures (cargo masts,
.9 appliances to convey the personnel (nets, derricks, bridges, gantries, mounts (pedestals) and
baskets, cradles or other products specially designed columns, supporting and slewing gear of cranes,
for this purpose). trunks, cars and ship's lift guides, platforms and
The nomenclature of essential structures, machin- guides of ship's elevating platforms, etc.) with
ery and components of cargo handling gear subject to strength and stability calculations;
the Register survey is given in the Appendix. .6 technical documentation on machinery and
1.3.4 Survey during manufacture, installation on drives:
board ship and repairs of cargo handling gear, their assembly drawings with sections;
machinery, metal structures, components and safety drawings of cargo shafts, gear wheels and pinions
devices is conducted in compliance with General of reduction gear units as well as couplings (may be
Regulations for the Classification and Other Activity. submitted together with assembly drawings);
1.3.5 Survey of machinery, hydraulic and steam basic diagrams of hydraulic units;
drives of machinery, pumping and piping, electrical drawings of bed frames and housings together
equipment, components and materials as well as boilers with particulars on welding (may be submitted
and pressure vessels which are not covered by the specific together with assembly drawings);
requirements of these Rules shall be based on the strength calculations or calculation results of
applicable requirements of the relevant parts of Rules for essential stress-bearing items;
the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships. explanatory note or description with indication
Where, however, the requirements contained in of principal technical characteristics;
these Rules are equivalent to, or different from those testing programmes for the prototype and a serial
of the relevant parts of Rules for the Classification specimen of the machinery;
and Construction of Sea-Going Ships, preference .7 technical documentation on electrical equip-
shall be given to these Rules. ment:
1.3.6 Survey of ship's derricks, cranes and hoists of description of the operation principle and main
fishing vessels used with fishing gear as well of ship's performance specifications;
stationary derricks intended for operation in union specification including the list of associated
purchase rig with derricks of another ship is carried out items, devices and materials;
in the same way as in case of ordinary cargo handling structural assembly drawings;
gear for lifting loads of a specified weight, i.e. the circuit diagram of the electric drive;
Register does not participate in determination of the testing programme;
lifting capacity required for operation with the fishing .8 drawings of components of the cargo handling
gear, relating this to the competence of the shipowner. gear together with strength calculations or with
1.3.7 Survey of derrick cranes, hoists of cat davit particulars proving their strength as equivalent to
and telpher types is carried out as that of ship's that of the standard components approved by the
cranes, and survey of hoists of pulley block or whip Register;
types is similar to that of the appropriate components .9 drawings of safety devices (together with
of ship's derricks. strength calculations where necessary);
.10 drawings of securing of the cargo handling
gear in the stowed for sea position;
1.4 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
.11 diagrams of forces acting on stressed items of
the cargo handling gear;
.12 strength calculations or results of calculations
1.4.1 Technical documentation submitted to the for load-bearing structures as well as stability calcula-
Register for review shall include: tions of jib cranes and rope-suspended jib booms;
14 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

.13 instructions for derricks operating in union shall comply with applicable requirements of
purchase rig with indication of the working range, Part VIII "Systems and Piping", Sections 6 and 7,
safe working load, types, sizes and scheme of rigging; Part IX "Machinery" and Part XI "Electrical Equip-
.14 testing programme of the cargo handling gear ment" of the Rules for the Classification and
in assembly at the manufacturer. Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
1.4.2 Technical documentation on cranes, winches, The power of winches shall be limited to a value
metal structures, gear and safety devices of cargo corresponding to the safe working load of the
handling gear may be submitted separately (indepen- derricks. This is likely to range from 18,6 to 37 kW
dent of the ship technical documentation), the types (25 to 50 hp) for hoisting speeds of 0,4 m/s for 8 t
and purposes of the ships and floating facilities for loads and 0,6 m/s for 3 t loads.
which they are designed shall be, however, indicated. 1.5.2.2 The cargo handling gear machinery with a
1.4.3 Use of metal structures, gear, machinery and coupling between the machinery and the drive as well as
devices manufactured according to the standards and the machinery used for changing speed of transporta-
specifications agreed upon with, or approved by, the tion shall be so designed as to prevent falling of the load
Register does need special approval. No approval is or uncontrolled movement of the boom or crane when
specially needed either for use of the processes, heat the drive is disconnected or when the speed is changed.
treatment and calculations which comply with the The hydraulically-driven machinery shall be
standards and specifications approved by the Register. provided with devices to prevent falling of the load
1.4.4 Where needed, the Register may request or uncontrolled movement of the boom or crane in
submission of strength calculations for ship struc- case of a pressure drop in the hydraulic system.
tures and hull strengthening in places where masts, 1.5.2.3 The hoisting and luffing machinery shall
posts, winches, cranes, hoists, eye plates are fitted be so constructed that load or boom could be lowered
and where derricks and cranes are stowed for sea. only by using a drive.
1.4.5 Where the cargo handling gear has been Provision shall be made for means enabling to
altered due to modernization or repairs, the scope of safely stop and lower the load in case of emergency.
the documents submitted shall be consistent with 1.5.2.4 All the machinery of the cargo handling
alterations made, having regard to their effect on the gear other than screw-driven machinery with self-
compliance with the requirements of these Rules. braking or machinery driven from hydraulic cylinders
1.4.6 Where a cargo handling appliance which provided with pilot controlled check valves shall be
has been manufactured according to the design not provided with automatically applied brake or brakes
approved by the Register is submitted to the initial capable to ensure braking with a safety factor
survey, the scope of the required technical documen- specified in the relevant Chapters of these Rules.
tation, including check calculations, shall be based on The safety factor of braking action is the ratio of the
the list referred to in 1.4.1. torque exerted by the brakes to the static torque created
In certain cases, the technical documentation on the braking shaft by the maximum design tension in
required may be reduced upon agreement with the the rope (for machinery used for topping, luffing and
Register, taking into account the documents issued slewing operations with the help of the ropes) and by the
by manufacturers and other classification societies design value of the inertia forces (for machinery with rigid
(refer also to 11.1.4). kinematic coupling, such as machinery used for turning
and movement of cranes and for luffing crane jibs).
The design of electrically operated brakes shall be
1.5 GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
such that the operating solenoid could not be excited
by the return electromotive force from an engine, by
parasitic or stray currents or by a puncture of
1.5.1 All cargo handling gear, their metal insulation. Provision shall be made for manual
structures, machinery, gear and devices shall be release of brakes in emergency when power supply
designed and constructed in compliance with these to electric drives of the hoisting machinery fails.
Rules and standards in force, agreed upon with the 1.5.2.5 The brakes shall normally be applied
Register. Safe operation of the cargo handling gear automatically when:
shall be ensured with the specified heel and trim of the motion control lever is returned to its neutral
the ship at the maximum jib radius and within the position;
specified range of the ambient temperatures. any emergency stop is operated;
1.5.2 Machinery (drives) and brakes. there is any power supply failure;
in the case of electrically operated brakes, there is
1.5.2.1 Mechanical, hydraulic and steam drives, a failure of one phase or a significant drop in voltage
pumping and piping, electrical equipment where not or frequency of the power supply.
covered by the specific requirements of these Rules
1 General 15

1.5.2.6 Band brakes shall only be used for 1.5.2.15 The brake drum shall be protected against
emergency braking. The brake lining or pads shall rain, sea water, snow, ice, oils or fats unless the brake is
remain adequately secured during their working life. designed for operation without such protection.
Unless the brake is self-adjusting, appropriate means 1.5.2.16 Any (hand, foot or automatic) brake
shall be provided to permit brake adjustment to be shall develop a braking torque which is by 25 per cent
readily carried out in safety. Brakes shall be of a closed- more than the torque required under most unfavour-
band type, unless otherwise specified in the relevant able conditions of operation with maximum-weight
Chapters of these Rules and they shall be applied load, irrespective of the losses in the transmissions.
smoothly, without any throws; they have to have simple 1.5.2.17 A slewing brake shall be capable of
and readily accessible means of adjustment and enable holding the jib stationary with the maximum safe
easy replacement of the friction parts. working load suspended at its maximum radius when
1.5.2.7 Machinery and their bed plates shall be the maximum in-service wind acts on the crane in the
capable of withstanding the forces set up during braking. most adverse direction. Sudden application of the
1.5.2.8 The forces for operation of adjustible brakes brake shall not damage the jib.
shall not exceed 160 N on a handle or lever and 310 N 1.5.3 Electrical drives.
on a foot pedal. For brakes regularly used under normal 1.5.3.1 Electrical drives of the cargo handling
operating conditions the forces shall be at least halved. gear provided with mechanical ventilation shall have
The brake pedals shall have a non-skid surface. an interlocking gear to prevent starting or further
1.5.2.9 The hoisting and luffing machinery of the operation of the drive with ventilation cut off.
cargo handling gear specially intended for loading, 1.5.3.2 The movable part of the deck crane shall
unloading and transportation of dangerous cargoes be earthed with a special cable connected to the
shall be provided with two automatic independent turning part or to a rotating drum by a current
closed-band brakes capable of holding the load (jib) collector having at least two brushes.
with one brake in case of power failure. The brakes Movable parts of cargo handling gear may be
may be actuated consecutively. earthed through rollers or tracks, provided a good
Where there is a coupling between the engine and contact is ensured.
the reduction gear, one brake shall be fitted on the half- 1.5.3.3 Self-reeling flexible cables shall not allow
coupling on the side of the reduction gear or on the shaft long lengths of cable to drag on the deck where they
of the reduction gear. The other brake may be positioned can be exposed to damage.
on the engine shaft or at any point of the driving Outlets shall generally be not more than 50 m apart.
mechanism. The brakes shall be so arranged that in The use of motorized reels is preferable to springs
order to check the reliable operation of one of the or counterweights. Reels shall be placed on the
brakes, the action of the other brake is easily prevented. waterside, preferably on the outside of the gantry legs.
The hoisting and luffing machinery driven from 1.5.3.4 Trolley systems of hoists shall be fed by
hydraulic cylinders the second device equivalent to a overhead conductors or conductors in channels.
brake may be omitted. Overhead conductors shall be sufficiently high to
1.5.2.10 Manually-driven hoisting machinery prevent contact by load.
shall be provided with a self-locking gear or a "safety Channels for conductors shall be properly
handle" which is a handle and a ratchet built into a drained and designed to prevent entry of any objects
brake. Other devices (a hydraulic drive with a hand likely to cause danger.
pump) which prevent the load from spontaneous 1.5.4 Hydraulic systems.
lowering may be used. 1.5.4.1 The dimensions and design of hydraulic
1.5.2.11 Manually-driven cargo handling gear shall systems shall meet the established technical standards
be so designed that a force to be applied by each operator on the hydraulic systems. Safe operation of the
is not in excess of 160 N. Manually operated pull chains hydraulic systems under all envisaged service condi-
shall be protected against falling off the chain wheel. tions shall be ensured by suitable measures, such as
1.5.2.12 Means shall be provided to secure selection of filters, coolers, control devices, primary-
adjustable disconnected brakes in the closed position. circuit pressure control, selection of a suitable
The braking force may not be created by brake loads. hydraulic oil, etc.
Brake springs used for this purpose shall be of a push 1.5.4.2 The hydraulic system shall be so con-
type and have guides in the form of liners or holders. structed that an pressure rise above the permissible
1.5.2.13 A brake placed between the engine and value is prevented. The limits of the piston extreme
the transmission shall be positioned on the transmis- positions in servomotors shall be specified.
sion shaft. 1.5.4.3 Pipe connections shall be made by high
1.5.2.14 Where several items of machinery are pressure hoses. The hoses shall be suitable for the
served by one drive, brakes shall be fitted on each item. particular working fluids, pressures, temperatures,
16 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

environmental conditions and shall meet the require- .2 an arc length of the radius-bent groove bottom cor-
ments of the recognized standards. responds to a sector with an angle equal to at least 120°;
The breaking pressure of a hose shall be at least .3 a gap between to adjacent coils shall be
equal to four times the allowable working pressure. sufficient for a rope uncoiled from the drum not to
Threaded sleeves with locking pins and a seam may touch the other coil;
be used upon special agreement with the Register. .4 the groove width in the cross-section increases
1.5.4.4 The piping system may be connected to in the direction from the bottom outside, where
another hydraulic system, for which such connection is necessary.
allowed. In this case, a second pump unit and the 1.5.5.5 Span rope and cargo drums of winches
provision of suitable shut-off valves are recommended. operating with ship's cranes, derricks or derrick
1.5.4.5 The hydraulic pipes between servomotors cranes shall be suitable for coiling the working length
or hydraulic motors shall be made with a higher of the rope necessary to lift the load from the floor of
degree of safety. This also relates to all the devices the ship hold with the derrick being in its extreme
connected thereto. working position as well as from the hold floor of the
For materials not having Test Certificate the barge moored alongside the ship with the maximum
safety factor shall be at least 2 relative to the yield outreach of the boom and at the least draught of the
stress and at least 2,5 relative to fatigue strength. ship.
Flanged bolted connections shall be tested for 1.5.5.6 The number of the full coils which remain
tightness by a pressure equal to 1,5 times the design on the drum when the entire length of the is unreeled
pressure or 1,5 times the maximum working pressure. shall be at least:
1.5.4.6 Hydraulic servomotors shall be provided three for flat drums (with no grooves) and
with devices fitted directly on the cylinder and two for grooved drums, provided:
operating in case a crack in the system to prevent one coil shall remain on the winch drum of the
fast falling of the load, jib or spontaneous turning of derrick or crane lowered on the supports in the
the cargo handling gear. stowed for sea position;
1.5.4.7 Hydraulic servomotors shall be installed two coils on the winch drum of the derrick with
and connected to load-bearing metal structures so the boom in its lowest stowed for sea position;
that no external forces affect the piston rod. three coils in case of a travelling crane with the
1.5.5 Winch drums. boom lowered in its horizontal position for removal
1.5.5.1 The length of the winch drums shall be or addition of a jib section;
such that the rope can be wound onto the drum in three coils for a derrick crane on rigid supports
one layer as far as possible; in any case, the number with the boom in its lowest stowed for sea
of rope layers shall not be more than three. The position.
exception may be made for heavy-lift cargo handling 1.5.5.7 The drum shall be so positioned
gear or twin span tackle derricks, provided there is a that proper coiling of the rope thereon shall be
rope-coiling trolley or rope pressing roller. Use of ensured. The deflection of the rope in relation to the
drums with coiling a rope in more than three layers is plane normal to the axis of the drum shall not
subject to special consideration by the Register in exceed 4°.
each particular case. It is recommended that all drums which cannot
1.5.5.2 A diameter of the drum shall be not less be seen by the operator in the course of operation be
than 18 rope diameters. fitted with a guide-on system for satisfactory running
1.5.5.3 A rope drum intended for multi-layer of the rope on to the drum.
coiling of the rope shall be fitted with flanges on both 1.5.6 Securing of gear and ropes.
ends, which shall extend above the top layer of the 1.5.6.1 Fixed axles with support gear rotating
rope by at least 2,5 times the rope diameter. thereon (drums, sheaves, wheels, rollers, etc.) shall be
Grooved drums intended for one-layer reeling of efficiently secured to prevent their turning and their
two rope runs may not be fitted with flanges, axial displacement.
provided the runs are coiled from the edges of the 1.5.6.2 All bolted, keyed and wedged connections
drum to its centre. Where one rope run is coiled on in cargo handling gear shall be protected from
the grooved drum the flange may be omitted on the inadvertent loosening and release.
side where the rope is fastened to the drum. 1.5.6.3 Interchangeable components shall be so
1.5.5.4 Drums of motor-driven winches where the secured that their bending or twisting is prevented,
rope is coiled onto the drum in a single layer shall for which purpose use may be made of swivels.
have a shell with a helical groove made so that: Where twisting of the cargo runner may occur,
.1 a groove bottom radius exceeds in the cross- provision shall be made for a swivel in the suspension
section the rope radius by at least 10 per cent; system of the cargo-gripping device. Use may be
1 General 17

made of swivels with ball and roller bearings, their items of machinery. This requirement shall not be
regular lubrication shall be provided. Swivels shall applied to the cargo handling gear, in the construc-
freely turn under the load. tion of which provision is made for combination of
1.5.6.4 The ends of the ropes attached to metal several movements.
structures and gear shall be fitted with thimbles or be 1.5.7.4 The force to be applied to hand-operated
built in rope sockets or clips of the design approved controls shall not exceed 120 N for hand- and 300 N
by the Register. The ends of the ropes attached to the for foot-operated drive. The force required for
winch drums may have no thimbles or sockets. In this control of frequently operated handles, wheels,
case, a reliable attachment of the rope to the drum pedals and other controls shall not exceed 40 N.
shall be ensured. There shall be at least two pressing For seldom operated controls a force not exceeding
devices using the force of friction. 160 N may be permitted.
1.5.6.5 The running ends of heavy-lift derrick guy The travel of the control lever shall not exceed:
tackle shall be securely attached to the guy winch drums. 60 cm in case of manual operation;
Where reels are used for fastening preventer guys 25 cm in case of foot operation.
with derricks in union purchase rig, provision shall be 1.5.7.5 In case of push-button controls, a
made for reliable attachment of the ropes to the drums. separate button shall be used for each direction of
1.5.6.6 Rope sheaves, blocks and rope ends movement.
attached to metal structures shall be so positioned Push-buttons shall be provided with spring-
as to prevent the ropes from slipping off the drums loaded or another device for self-return to the "stop"
and block sheaves and also to prevent their rubbing position when the operator removes his hand or
in relation to one another or a metal structure. relaxes its force. The device shall not require an effort
Attachment of ropes shall be designed for the greatest which causes operator's tiredness.
static force produced by a test load. 1.5.7.6 Controls and instruments shall be ar-
1.5.6.7 Derricks and hoists intended for handling ranged at the control panel so that they can be seen
fishing gear may be used together with deck machinery by the operator. The directions of movements and
other than cargo winches, with winding of the cargo functions they are intended for shall be clearly and
rope, in the course of operations with fishing gear, onto indelibly indicated thereon.
the warping drums of the deck machinery and the free The starting levers shall have a symbol and an
end of the cargo rope held by hands. inscription showing the direction of their movement
In such a case, for testing the cargo handling gear to start the particular device.
the rope shall be reliably secured onto the warping. In The inscriptions shall be made in Russian and in
all other respects, relevant requirements of these English.
Rules shall be applied to the deck machinery used for 1.5.7.7 Controls of the cargo handling gear
the above purposes. (controllers, knife-switches, push-buttons, etc.) de-
1.5.7 Controls and power supply. signed for transportation of dangerous goods or
1.5.7.1 Machinery controls of cargo handling occasional conveyance of people in lashing cages and
gear shall be so made and fitted that the direction of boatswain's chairs as well as controls used in the
movement of handles, levers or wheels corresponds to portable remote control panels shall be provided with
that of the load movement, namely: rotation of the a device for self-return to the zero position.
wheel clockwise shall correspond to load lifting, Where, in case of remote control, the operator
boom topping and slewing to the right; pulling of the cannot see the winch drum, proper winding of the rope
vertical lever or lifting of the slanted lever shall onto the drum shall be ensured (refer also to 1.5.5.7).
correspond to load lifting or boom topping; move- 1.5.7.8 The valves connecting the deck steam line
ment of the lever to the right to slewing to the right. to the lifting machinery shall be positioned in the
1.5.7.2 Handles, levers and wheels shall be fixed vicinity of the machinery, be accessible at any time
in zero and working positions (with step control) and and easy in maintenance.
be marked. By "fixing" is meant keeping a control in 1.5.7.9 The wheels intended for placing into
the zero and working positions when a force required operation shall be provided with symbols and inscrip-
to shift it from the position is greater than that for tions showing the direction of their rotation for opening
moving the control between the fixed positions. of the devices and placing them into operation.
Moreover, provision shall be made for interlocking 1.5.7.10 Where a cargo winch is fitted with a
the handles, levers and wheels in the zero position. variable-speed transmission and where speed levers in
The handles, levers and wheels shall be so the neutral position enable the drum to rotate freely,
arranged that their easy use is provided. a stand-by brake shall be provided on the drum side
1.5.7.3 Controls of cargo handling gear shall according to 1.5.2.10. The speed lever of the
prevent simultaneous operation of more than two transmission shall have an interlocking device to
18 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

prevent disconnection of the transmission during working load indicator corresponding to the specified
lifting or lowering of the load. operating radius.
1.5.7.11 Power supply to the coil of the magnetic The chart and indicators shall be located in a
brake shall prevent accidental power supply in the position where the operator at the controls can
generation mode of the motor operation due to stray clearly see them.
currents or as a result of an insulation puncture. 1.5.8.2 The maximum load that may be lifted when
1.5.7.12 In electrically-driven cargo handling gear items of loose gear (slings, lifting beam and frame,
power supply to motors shall not be possible until the spreader, etc.) that have a significant weight are
appropriate handles, wheels and levers at the control attached to cargo handling gear shall be unambiguous.
stations are set in the zero position. There shall be no confusion between the safe
It is recommended that provision be made for working load:
signalling of the voltage availability in the mains as well below the header block/hook of the cargo
as for on/off visual indication of the electric drive. handling gear;
1.5.7.13 Short-circuits and other failures in the of the loose gear;
control circuits of the electric drives shall not result in below the loose gear.
their starting or further operation, release of brakes 1.5.8.3 Cranes used for lifting containers shall be
or keeping them released. fitted with load-indicating devices that show mass of
Where no power is supplied in the control circuits, the load being lifted.
all operating machinery shall automatically stop also in 1.5.9 Controls.
case when controls are not in the zero position. 1.5.9.1 Controls of cargo handling gear shall
1.5.7.14 The control circuits with independent ensure that the operator has ample room for
electric drives of span and preventer guy reels shall operation when at the controls.
prevent the drives from starting or further operation 1.5.9.2 Controls shall be:
with a load on the hook. so positioned that the operator has an unrest-
Instead of interlocking, provision may be made ricted view of the operation or any person authorized
for starting the above drives only by authorized to give signals to the operator;
persons of the ship personnel. marked with their purpose and method of operation.
1.5.7.15 A button or a safety switch for dis- 1.5.9.3 Whenever driving considerations permit,
connection of the main circuit of the electric drive controls shall return to the neutral position when
shall be provided within the reach of the operator's released.
hand directly at the control station of the cargo 1.5.9.4 Consideration shall be given to fitting "dead
handling gear. They shall be painted red and bear an man's" controls to prevent inadvertent movement.
inscription "STOP". 1.5.9.5 The control system shall be such that no
No switch is required for hydraulic drives with a motion can start when the power supply is connected
mechanism for control lever self-return to the zero or the engine started. Movements shall only be
position. possible after a positive action.
1.5.7.16 A switch accessible only for authorised 1.5.10 Lubrication.
persons of the ship crew shall be provided in the main 1.5.10.1 All moving or rotating parts of cargo
circuit of the cargo handling gear or provision shall handling gear shall be provided with greasing and
be made for locking the switch in the position. lubrication points.
1.5.7.17 Use of bare trolley wires for power supply 1.5.10.2 Every greasing and lubrication point
of travelling cargo handling gear is not allowed. shall be located where lubrication can be carried out
1.5.7.18 Any possibility of spontaneous switching safely. Remote lubrication points shall be provided
on of the electric drive shall be prevented. where necessary.
The motor of the hoisting machinery shall start only
after the control handle moves from the neutral position.
1.5.8 Safe working load.
1.5.8.1 Cargo handling gear where the safe working 1.6 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
load varies with the radius of operation shall display a
chart, showing the radius and corresponding safe 1.6.1 In order to prevent spark formation during
working load, in the cab or at the controls. cargo handling operations on board oil tankers, oil
The chart shall also state the maximum and recovery vessels, gas carriers, chemical tankers and
minimum operating radius for the cargo handling other similar ships, such gear as cargo hooks,
gear and from where the radius is measured. shackles, swivels, chains, etc. shall be of an intrinsi-
Such cargo handling gear shall also be fitted with cally safe type to comply with the recognized
a radius indicator and, where practicable, a safe standards.
2 Calculations 19

2 CALCULATIONS
2.1 GENERAL 2.2.4 Friction losses in block sheaves and in rope
bending on the sheaves shall be taken equal to 5 per cent
2.1.1 Methods for calculation of forces and stresses for each sheave with a sliding bearing and 2 per cent for
in structural elements of cargo handling gear are not sheaves with anti-friction bearings.
governed by these Rules but the Register may require in Variation of forces in the structural components of
separate cases that the calculation methods approved the cargo handling gear when the ropes are pulled
by the Society are applied. through the blocks shall be considered for the motion
Recommended methods of calculations for cargo or motions that are the most unfavourable for the gear
handling gear are given in the Book of the USSR Register (hoisting and lowering a load or a topping a boom).
Normative Documents and Procedures (Vol. 2) 1980. 2.2.5 When compressed beams and compressed
2.1.2 For derrick cranes, hoists of cat davit and beams with an applied bending moment shall be
telpher types the appropriate methods of calculating calculated, account shall be taken with adequate
ship's cranes shall be applied; for hoists of pulley accuracy of the effect of the longitudinal forces on the
block and whip types, calculation methods used for stress value, having regard to the eccentricity of their
ship's derricks shall be applied. application, structural camber and initial curvature
The latter methods, having regard to the provision due to dead load (refer also to 2.3.12).
of 2.2.2 and 2.3.16, shall be also applied to loose gear. 2.2.6 Where normal and tangential stresses are
For cranes used on mobile offshore drilling units, effective in the cross-section, the resultant stress ares
calculation methods of ship's cranes shall be applied shall be determined, by the formula
with due regard for specifics of their operation.
cj rei = V ^ + 3 ? (2.2.6)
where
2.2 DESIGN LOADS AND STRESSES CT = normal stress in the cross-section considered, MPa;
x = tangential stress in the cross-section considered, MPa.
The strength shall be checked against these stresses.
2.2.1 Design loads for ship's derricks, ship's cranes 2.2.7 The design modulus of elasticity for steel
and hoists, upper structures of floating docks and crane wire ropes shall be taken equal to 98 GPa.
ships, ship's lifts and ship's elevating platforms are 2.2.8 When strength of riveted or bolted structures is
given in the relevant sections of these Rules. calculated, crosssectional areas and section moduli shall
2.2.2 Used as a design load for loose gear is the be determined with the hole areas deducted. No deduction
weight of a safely lifted load and a dead load. of the hole areas are required in stability calculations.
For spreaders it shall be assumed that the centre
of gravity of a container may deviate from the
geometrical centre by up to 1/10 of the container 2.3 ALLOWABLE STRESSES, SAFETY FACTORS
length and breadth. AND STABILITY MARGIN
A special case of loading shall be also applied to
spreaders where the pay load is taken only by three 2.3.1 The stresses in metal structures of ship cargo
rotary gripping heads. handling gear under the effect of the design loads shall
For loose gear suspended at four hoisting ropes not exceed the allowable values given in Table 2.3.1.
without making the rope lengths equal, strength shall For masts with several light-weight single der-
be proved for the case when the pay load is ricks used simultaneously, the allowable stresses may
unfavourably applied to three ropes only. be assumed equal to 0,5 of the yield stress ReH of the
2.2.3 The following shall be taken into account in material.
calculations of machinery of cargo handling gear: The allowable stresses in stayed masts shall be
.1 design loads of the machinery shall be taken by 10 per cent less than the above values.
determined with regard to the loads of the cargo For manually operated cargo handling gear the
handling gear and conditions for determination of allowable stresses may be taken equal to 0,6 of the
forces in structural elements; yield stress ReH of the material.
.2 safety factors of machinery items shall be not less The safe working load (SWL) of ropes (wire,
than those of metal structures of cargo handling gear; natural fibre and synthetic ropes) shall not exceed the
.3 gear wheels shall meet the requirements of 4.2, guaranteed breaking load Fguar established by a
Part IX "Machinery" of Rules for the Classification specimen testing (with the above ropes) divided by
and Construction of Sea-Going Ships. the safety factor given in Tables 2.3.7 and 2.3.8.
20 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

T a b l e 2.3.1
SWL, t Allowable stresses as Safety factor, Dynamic factor, Maximum cargo hoisting or lowering speed at
fractions of yield stress \|ta = 0,7IWtT which check calculation \|/H is not mandatory,
of material, cslReH ReH/o m/s
5 and less 0,40 2,50 1,75 1,00
10 0,42 2,38 1,67 0,89
15 0,44 2,27 1,59 0,78
20 0,46 2,18 1,52 0,69
25 0,48 2,08 1,46 0,61
30 0,50 2,00 1,40 0,53
40 0,54 1,85 1,30 0,40
50 0,57 1,76 1,23 0,31
60 0,59 1,70 1,19 0,25
75 and more 0,60 1,67 1,17 0,22
N o t e . Intermediate values shall be determined by interpolation.

2.3.2 The values of allowable stresses specified in 2.3.5 The design and dimensions of interchange-
Table 2.3.1 include the following dynamic load factors: able components and rope sockets shall be such as to
v|/H = 0,7/W<* (2.3.2-1) prevent permanent deformations when tested with a
proof load as specified in 10.2.1 and breaking when
where tested with an ultimate load according to 10.2.9.
\|/H — the standard dynamic factor obtained as the ratio of the Items of interchangeable components which are
maximum anticipated dynamic load to the static stress
under the action of the design load; manufactured in accordance with the standards and
ReHl<y — safety factor according to Table 2.3.1. normative documents approved by the Register are
When the maximum cargo hoisting or lowering considered as meeting the requirement.
speed is more than 1,33 (v|/H—1) m/s the dynamic load The allowable stresses in non-standard fixed gear
factor shall be checked by calculation, using the formula shall not exceed those assumed for metal structures
(refer to 2.3.1 to 2.3.4).
v|/= 1 + 0,318 (2.3.2-2) 2.3.6 The safety factor of span chains, chains of
cargo runners, preventer guys and loose gear, rope
\Jst sockets and pressed clamps (bushes) of the ropes in
where relation to the breaking load shall not be less than 4.
\|f = dynamic load factor obtained as the ratio of the dynamic
load to its static value; For calibrated chains used with sprockets in
v = maximum speed of load movement, m/s; manually operated hoists the safety factor shall be not
fst = calculated vertical shifting of the load suspension point less than 3,2. For chains used with sprockets in power-
(including variation in the rope length) under the action
of a static force induced by cargo weight equal to the safe operated hoists the safety factor shall be specially
working load, m. considered by the Register in each particular case.
If the calculated dynamic load factor v|/ exceeds
v|/H , the allowable stresses indicated in 2.3.1 shall be T a b l e 2.3.7
multiplied by v|/H/v|/; if the calculated dynamic load Wire ropes Safety factor with SWL, t
factor is equal to, or less than v|/H , the allowable Cargo runners, span 10 and less 11 — 160 161 and more
stresses are assumed equal to those given in 2.3.1. ropes, guy tackles,
On agreement with the Register other methods cargo and span ropes of 5 10" 3
may be used for calculation of dynamic load factor. gear, slings cranes, ropes of loose 8^5-m+1910
2.3.3 In calculation of the allowable stresses in
metal structures, the yield stress guaranteed by the pendants Shrouds, stays, guy 10 and less 30 50 and more
standard or specifications shall be taken as the basis guys and preventer 4 3,5 3
for calculations; in all cases, however, it shall not
exceed 0,70 of the minimum tensile strength guaran-
teed by the standard or specifications. 2.3.7 The safety factor of the steel wire ropes in
2.3.4 The allowable stresses indicated in 2.3.1 relation
relate to tensile, compression and bending deforma- shall not tobethe less
breaking load of the rope as a whole
than the values given in Table 2.3.7.
tions and reduced stresses. The recommended transi- 2.3.8 The safety factor of natural fibre ropes,
tion coefficients of allowable stresses for other rigging and slings in relation
deformations as well as of those for calculation of the rope as a whole shall not tobethe less
breaking load of
than the values
welded, riveted and bolted connections are given in given in Table 2.3.8 and the safety factor of synthetic
the Register Book of Normative Documents and ropes shall be a minimum of 5.
Procedures (Vol. 2), 1980.
2 Calculations 21

T a b l e 2.3.8 T a b l e 2.3.14
Nominal diameter Safety factor Members of metal structures Flexibility of members
of natural fibre ropes, mm Compressed Expanded
12 12
14—17 10 Chords of main trusses 120 150
18 — 23 8 Single-beam structure of 150 180
24 — 39 7 derricks, posts and masts
40 and more 6 Other beams of main trusses 150 250
and chords of auxiliary trusses
All other beams 250 350
2.3.9 The stability margin shall be not less than
the safety factor (in relation to the yield point) for the The flexibility of derrick booms may be assumed
compression of the same element. to be 175, and with the axial force 19,60 kN and less
2.3.10 Compressed beams shall be checked for it may be taken equal to 200.
overall stability and their thin-walled parts, for local 2.3.15 The stresses in metal constructions of the
stability. If they comply with the requirements of upper structures when subject to the action of design
4.3.3, tubular members need not be checked for local loads are not to exceed the allowable stresses given in
stability. Table 2.3.15 with due regard for the provisions of
Beams subject to transverse bending shall be 2.3.3 and 2.3.4.
checked for overall stability and their vertical walls T a b l e 2.3.15
and compressed flanges, for local stability. Combination Allowable stresses in parts of
2.3.11 The critical load of axially compressed of maximum loads yield stress,
beams shall be determined with due regard for initial
eccentricity of the longitudinal forces and the initial Under working conditions 0,70
bend; the total value of both shall not be less than 0,001 Under non-working conditions 0,75
of the beam length.
2.3.12 Ship steel derricks may be calculated, using
the assumed stability margin determined with due
regard for variation of the cross-section along the For upper structures of a simple construction the
length of the derrick but with no account of the initial design loads applied as to ship's cranes (refer to
eccentricity and bend. This value shall not be less 6.2.3), the allowable stresses shall be taken in
than 4,5. accordance with 2.3.1.
2.3.13 Flexibility of each portion of the axially 2.3.16 Stresses arising in steel structures of loose
compressed beams with varying cross-section as gear under the effect of the loads referred to in 2.2.2
taken between the connecting members (plates or shall not exceed those given in Table 2.3.1.
lattices) shall be not less than 40. During the tests of the loose gear by a proof load
2.3.14 Flexibility of compressed and expanded the stresses occurred shall not exceed 0,8 ReH.
members of metallic structures shall not exceed the When sliding bearings of loose gear are calcu-
values given in Table 2.3.14. lated, the static safety factor under the normal load
In calculating flexibility, the design length shall shall be not less than 1,2.
be taken with due regard for the type of end fixing. The specific pressure between a spreader twist-
The flexibility shall be determined in the planes of the lock and a corner fitting of the container under a
main inertia forces. static load shall not exceed 50 MPa.
22 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

3 MATERIALS AND WELDING

3.1 MATERIALS 3.1.3 The first grade timber may be used for side
plates of blocks for natural fibre or synthetic ropes.
3.1.1 The materials used in the manufacture of 3.1.4 Cast iron may be used for manufacture of
stress-bearing metal structures, machinery and gear the following items:
of cargo handling gear, as well as heat treatment of .1 gear, worm and travelling wheels of hand-
forged and cast items, where not covered by the operated cargo handling gear;
specific requirements of these Rules, shall comply .2 worm wheels with a bronze rim;
with the appropriate requirements of Part XIII .3 drums and whipping drums of winches, gear
"Materials" of the Rules for the Classification and boxes and sheaves of blocks;
Construction of Sea-Going Ships. .4 brake shoes, drum brackets and bearing bodies;
The materials used in the manufacture of stress- .5 casings and units of hydraulic equipment,
bearing structures of cargo handling gear installed on hydraulic engines, pumps.
fixed offshore platforms, mobile offshore drilling 3.1.5 Use of cast steel for items other than cast
units as well as on the ships operated under low items allowed by these Rules shall be subject to
temperatures shall be covered by the additional special consideration by the Register in each parti-
requirements of Part XII "Materials" of the Rules cular case.
for the Classification, Construction and Equipment 3.1.6 Rolled steel used for stress-bearing elements
of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units and Fixed Off- of metal structures of cargo handling gear and cargo-
shore Platforms. gripping devices shall comply with the respective
It is allowed to use the steel manufactured in requirements of 3.2, 3.5 and 3.13, Part XIII
compliance with the international or national stan- "Materials" of the Rules for the Classification and
dards recognized by the Register, if it is proven to Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
comply with the requirements set forth in the present The steel grade shall be selected depending on
Section. design temperature TA of welded structures in
3.1.2 All stress-bearing parts and fittings of metal compliance with Tables 3.1.6-1, 3.1.6-2 and consider-
structures, machinery and gear other than those ing the location of cargo handling gear and structural
referred to 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 shall be made of steel; use element group.
of other materials shall be subject to special Design temperature of structures TA shall be
consideration by the Register in each particular case. determined in compliance with 1.2.3, Part II "Hull"
T a b l e 3.1.6-1
Impact test temperature of welded structural steel used for cargo handling gear installed on ships
Thickness, mm Test temperature
Special elements Primary elements Secondary elements
<15 TA + 10 °C TA + 20 °C —
15 — 25 TA TA + 10 °C TA + 20 °C
26 — 40 TA - 20 °C TA TA + 10 °C
41 — 60 TA - 30 °C TA - 10 °C TA
>61 Special consideration TA - 20 °C TA - 10 °C

T a b l e 3.1.6-2
Impact test temperature of welded structural steel used for cargo handling gear installed on MODU/FOP
Thickness, mm Test temperature
Special elements Primary elements Secondary elements
<15 TA TA + 10 °C TA + 20 °C
15 — 25 TA - 10 °C TA TA + 10 °C
26 — 40 TA - 20 °C TA - 10 °C TA
41 — 60 TA - 30 "C1 TA - 20 °C TA - 10 °C
>61 Special consideration TA - 30 °C TA - 20 °C
1 In order to confirm the use, the crack resistance parameter values shall be determined for the base metal and welded joint metal
(CTOD) at the temperature TA
3 Materials and Welding 23

of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of interchangeable components shall be entered in the
of Sea-Going Ships. Certificate using form 5.1.4 (No. 3).
Special elements include the structural elements, If heat treatment of the interchangeable compo-
which destruction leads to destruction of cargo nents was supervised by a competent person, a
handling gear. relevant entry shall be made in Part II of the Register
Primary elements include the structural elements of Ship's Cargo Handling Gear Lifting Appliances
subjected to high stresses. and by the surveyor to the Register, based on the
The rest elements are the secondary elements. Certificate signed by the competent person.
For the structural elements loaded in Z-direction Welded items may not be heat treated upon
provision shall be made for the application of special approval by the Register.
Z-steels. 3.1.10 Use of higher strength materials for
3.1.7 Where steels other than hull structural steel manufacture of structures and components of cargo
are used on agreement with the Register for handling gear may be permitted upon agreement with
manufacture of metal structures, they shall comply Register provided the Rules requirements for the
with the requirements for hull structural steels. steels are met.
3.1.8 Steel used for forgings and castings of cargo
handling gear welded elements shall comply with the
requirements to impact test results of rolled steel
performed at the temperature complying with that 3.2 WELDING
specified in Tables 3.1.6-1 and 3.1.6-2.
Steel used for forgings and castings of not welded 3.2.1 Use of welding in metal structures, compo-
elements, as well as for not welded elements made of nents and machinery of cargo handling gear, quality
rolled steel, including bolts, hooks, shackles, swivels control of welded joints and their heat treatment,
etc. shall comply with the international and national where not covered by the specific requirements of these
standards recognized by the Register or other Rules, shall comply with the appropriate requirements
contract requirements to impact test results but not of Part XIV "Welding" of Rules for the Classification
less than 27 J at the design temperature TA. and Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
Forgings and castings intended for components Welding consumables and welding procedures
operating at temperatures below zero shall comply shall be selected according to 2.2, Part XIV "Welding"
with the requirements of 3.5.4 and 3.5.5, Part XIII of the Rules for the Classification and Construction of
"Materials" of the Rules for the Classification and Sea-Going Ships and 2.5, Part XIII "Welding" of the
Construction of Sea-Going Ships, respectively. Rules for the Classification, Construction and Equip-
Steel used for manufacture of chains for cargo ment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units and Fixed
handling gear intended for operation at temperatures Offshore Platforms. The welding procedure applied
below —20 °C shall meet the requirements for chain shall be approved by the Register.
steel of grade 2 or 3 according to 3.6, Part XIII 3.2.2 The dimensions of fillet welds shall be
"Materials" of the Rules for the Classification and assigned as small as possible based on the strength
Construction of Sea-Going Ships. calculation and with regard to the manufacturing
Chains for which no heat treatment is required conditions. The leg length of a fillet weld shall not be
for improvement of quality or strength shall be less than 4 mm but it shall not exceed 1,2 of the least
normalized after manufacture. thickness of the welded items. The length of the fillet
3.1.9 All steel castings and forgings used in cargo weld shall be not less than 50 mm.
handling gear, as well as welded items with stressed Where short fillet welds are used for tee-joints of
closely spaced or intersecting welded joints shall be such essential components as slewing guy plates (refer
heat-treated for stress relieving (castings from alloyed to 9.2.3), lead block fastening nose (refer to 9.2.6), span
steels shall be quenched and tempered, castings and eye plate (refer to 9.2.8), eye plates on ship hull and
forgings from carbon steels shall be quenched and metal structures (refer to 9.2.9), special attention shall
tempered or normalized, and electrically welded be given to the quality of welding and testing of welds.
items shall be annealed). In particular, the welds shall be examined along their
Heat treatment of items shall be carried out in entire length by a method approved by the Register.
muffle furnaces under efficient control of the tempera- 3.2.3 Round and ring-shaped items of small
ture. Heat treatment conditions shall be specified diameters (chains, rod shrouds) shall be joined by
depending on the steel grade, use and size of the items resistance welding.
and shall be agreed upon with the Register. 3.2.4 Butt welded joints of the load-transferring
Heat treatment shall be confirmed by manufac- structural elements, which are oriented transverse to the
turer's Certificate. The particulars of heat treatment loading direction, shall be primarily made by root-
24 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

penetration double-sided or one-sided welding. Accept- Repair of worn-out or damaged interchangeable

ability of one-sided welding using a backing strap shall components using such method may be allowed on
be analyzed at the design stage taking into consideration special agreement with the Register.
the structure cycling loads. For the purpose of increasing 3.2.7 Weld quality of stress-bearing members of
the fatigue strength, if necessary, the welds shall be metal structures shall be examined by the radio-
additionally treated by means of TIG flashing, surface graphic or some method of non-destructive control
and plastic deformation or finish grinding. approved by the Register. Not less than 10 per cent of
3.2.5 In structures of enclosed circuit where there the length of the welded joint tested shall be tested.
is no access from inside, use of plug welds is Welded joint intersections shall be mandatorily
permitted for attachment of the closing plate on the examined. Circular continuous butt welds of masts,
inside framing (diaphragms). For the requirements columns, derricks and other stress-bearing metal
for plug welds, refer to 1.7.5.13, Part II "Hull" of the structures shall be examined over the entire length.
Rules for the Classification and Construction of Sea- Welds of masts (columns) intended for installation of
Going Ships. booms with a safe working load of more than 25 t are
3.2.6 On agreement with the Register, worn-out subject to 100 per cent radiography up to a height
or damaged fixed gear may be repaired by welding. 3,5 m above the deck of their attachment.
4 Ship's Derricks 25

4 SHIPS DERRICKS
4.1 GENERAL 4.1.10 Slewing guys of derricks shall be designed
so that operation of the derrick at the maximum jib
4.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to radius is ensured with the ship or mobile offshore
ship cargo derricks of an ordinary design, which drilling unit having a list 5° and a trim 2°.
operate under the following conditions: 4.1.11 The derrick heel bearing shall be fitted
single derricks with one span; above the deck where winches are installed at a height
twin span tackle derricks; not to hinder the attending personnel and proper
derrick cranes; winding of the cargo runner on to the drum.
union purchase rig. 4.1.12 The gooseneck of the derrick with one
Derricks with special design are subject to special span and span eye plate shall be generally positioned
consideration by the Register. at one vertical line. Displacement of span fitting in
4.1.2 Typical rigging schemes for ship's derrick relation to the derrick heel is subject to special
are given in Section 1. consideration by the Register in each particular case.
4.1.3 Each derrick shall be provided with a 4.1.13 Seatings of heavy-lift derrick goosenecks
power- operated topping winch or a span winch shall be adequately strong and rigid. The deck shall
meeting the requirements of 4.5.2. be strengthened in the area of the gooseneck. The
Where provision of a span winch is not reasonably heel socket of the gooseneck shall be provided with a
practicable, a span chain joined to the span rope by hole for water drainage.
means of a monkey or a delta plate shall be employed. 4.1.14 Twin span tackle derricks shall be designed
4.1.4 The span chain of derricks shall be secured and installed in such a way as to preclude jack-
to an eye plate on the deck or mast. knifing when in the extreme positions. Where
Fastening of span ropes, guys and preventer guys necessary, structural measures shall be taken to limit
at the expense of friction forces (rope stops, bollards, slewing angles of the spans or derricks.
cleats) is not allowed. 4.1.15 Derrick cranes shall be provided with limit
4.1.5 The lengths of a span rope and a cargo switches that automatically come into action in the
runner shall be chosen so that the minimum number outreach and slewing extreme positions of the derrick
of turns on the appropriate drum is not less than that cranes and, when proved necessary, with other
required by 1.5.5.6 under all possible combinations of safety devices in accordance with the requirements
location and movements of booms during operation. of 5.5.
4.1.6 Use of snatch hooks for leading cargo 4.1.16 The design and arrangement of union
runners and span ropes is not allowed. purchase rigs shall provide a possibility to operate the
4.1.7 Where a derrick winch is fitted with a booms in the mode of single booms.
common motor for raising or lowering either the jib 4.1.17 When derricks shall be operated in union
or the load and the jib is held by a pawl engaging in the purchase rig, their outfit shall include:
derricking drum when the motor is being used to raise .1 adequately strong preventer guys and fittings
or lower a load, an effective interlock shall be fitted to for their attachment to the deck and derrick head;
the pawl engagement gear so that the pawl cannot be .2 devices for bridling cargo runners (including a
disengaged from the drum until the motor has been check chain between the cargo runners);
positively connected to the derricking drum drive. .3 arrangements enabling to control extreme
4.1.8 When the cargo runner becomes slack down- positions of the derricks and preventer guys during
ward movement of the block under the effect of its own operation as provided in the calculations and also the
weight shall be restricted. For this purpose provision angle between the cargo runners, which arrangements
shall be made in the assembly design of the block fitted shall be contained in the Instructions for Derricks
to the heel of the derrick for a limiting stop or the lead Used in Union Purchase.
block shall be provided with a duct bill. Visual control of the working position of the
4.1.9 Provision shall be made to ensure efficient derricks or the limiting height of lifting a load may be
securing of derricks when they are stowed for sea. used if, under actual conditions of operation, such
Where the derrick is stowed vertically along the mast control proved sufficiently reliable (e.g. if the limits of
during the voyage but where it cannot be adjusted in allowable service area or fixed positions of the
this position with the help of a span, a special derricks are governed by such ship structures as
arrangement shall be provided to keep it in the hatch comings, superstructures, deckhouses,
position. etc.)
26 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

It is recommended that permanent indicators be 4.2.5 For twin span tackle derricks the require-
used to control boom positions relative to the ments of 4.2.1 may be applied, the only difference,
horizon and centreline of the ship. however, being that the span tension shall be deter-
Where visual control of boom positions and the mined for the maximum slewing of the derrick boom to
included angle between cargo runners is not con- the side opposite to the span under consideration.
sidered to be reliable, provision shall be made for Where the heel of the derrick fitted with twin
such structural arrangements as marking of span span tackles is structurally shifted in relation to the
ropes, preventer guys and preventer guy eye plates or vertical plane passing through the span eye fittings,
other acceptable arrangements. the requirements of 4.2.4 may be applied.
Places where preventer guys are attached and the 4.2.6 Provision shall be made to obviate the risk of
length of the preventer guys shall be fixed structurally horizontal jack-knifing of the twin span tackle derrick
but not controlled visually; when the boom is at the maximum slewing distance
.4 boom head guys or inner guys to preclude from the middle position. For heavy-lift derricks
slewing of the boom towards the preventer guy. account shall be taken of heel and trim angles referred
4.1.18 The derricks used in union purchase shall to in 4.2.9. The jack-knifing is unlikely to occur if there
be so positioned that a load is easily carried over the exists a horizontal component of the span tension,
top of the bulwark or hatch coaming, with a limited which is normal to the direction of the boom in the
angle between the cargo runners not exceeding 120°. projected plan and equal to not less than 0,1 of the
4.1.19 The hauling ends of guy tackle ropes of derrick safe working load.
heavy-lift derricks shall be securely attached to winch 4.2.7 When derricks are operated in union
drums. purchase rig, the stresses in the derrick gear shall be
Efficient attachment of ropes to the drums shall determined for the worst possible position (for the
be also ensured where winches are used for securing gear concerned) of the maximum safety lifted load on
preventer guys in union purchase rig. the trajectory defined by the limited angle between
4.1.20 Loose, interchangeable and fixed gear of the cargo runners (refer to 4.1.18).
ship's derricks shall comply with the requirements of If, under actual operating conditions, derricks
Section 9. may be rigged in several different ways, to be
included in the calculation is the one under which
the greatest stresses occur; this applies also to
determination of the design position of the derricks
4.2 CALCULATION and preventer guy units when specifying the working
areas to be served by the derricks in union purchase.
4.2.1 In determining the loads on the components When derricks are operated in union purchase,
of single derricks the following angles between a the stresses in booms, cargo runners and span ropes
boom and a horizontal shall be used: 15° for light-lift shall generally not exceed the stresses originated in
derricks; 25° for heavy-lift derricks. the single derrick rig. Where the stresses in the union
If the minimum angle under actual operating purchase components (for example, the axial thrust
conditions exceeds the above values, the minimum down the boom) exceed those met in case of single
angle may be used in calculations. derrick rig, the scantlings of the components in
For a built-in sheave of a cargo runner and cargo question shall be based on the stresses originated in
blocks with a cargo runner which is parallel to the derricks rigged in union purchase.
derrick boom, the resultant load shall be calculated 4.2.8 When derricks shall be operated in union
using the largest possible angle of boom inclination purchase rig, the derricks and preventer guy units
to the horizontal but not less than 60°. shall be so fitted as to obviate the risk of vertical jack-
4.2.2 The maximum angle of boom inclination to knifing of derricks (tipping over) under all possible
the horizontal shall not exceed 70°. ways of rigging and positions of the load.
4.2.3 The maximum angle of boom slewing To preclude the risk of jack-knifing, additional
relative to the centre line of the ship when the boom inner guys may be used. Slewing guys may be used
is swung outboard shall not exceed 75°. for this purpose.
4.2.4 Where the derrick heel is structurally shifted The jack-knifing is not likely to occur if there is a
in relation to the vertical passing through the span eye positive tension in the span when the derrick is under
plate at a value exceeding 0,025 of the eye plate height load, having no regard to the own weight of the
above the derrick heel, the stresses in the derrick, span derrick and its gear.
and slewing guy units shall be specially calculated, 4.2.9 The design stress in the slewing guy units
having regard to limitations for the adjustment of guys shall be not less than 25 per cent of the cargo gravity
and the extreme positions of the booms. force equal to the derrick safe working load.
4 Ship's Derricks 21

For heavy-lift derricks the above value shall be least 5 mm for those having access inside. Cargo
verified at a heel of 5° and trim 2° when the derrick is masts used for ventilation purposes shall have wall
swung fully outboard. If heel and trim are greater in thickness not less than 6,5 mm.
operation than the above values, the actual values of 4.3.3 The outside diameter of a cargo mast D, in
heel and trim shall be used in calculations. mm, depending on the wall thickness t, in mm, shall
Where special arrangements, such as ballasting, not exceed the following relationships:
are made to reduce the heel when working with a D = 1000?/(25 - 0 with f < 15 mm,
heavy-lift derrick, these arrangements may be taken D=l00t with t>\5 mm.
into account in calculating the force in the guy. The diameter of the mast may be increased if the
The design stress in boom head guys or in union actual stresses in the mast are below the allowable
purchase tackles shall not be less than 10 per cent of stresses, which is subject to special consideration by the
the gravity force of the load corresponding to the safe Register in each particular case (refer also to 2.3.1).
working load for the single slewing derrick. 4.3.4 The construction of cargo masts and their
4.2.10 Where two or more light derricks are used parts shall prevent water accumulation in inaccessible
simultaneously on one mast, the relative position of the places. All parts other than enclosed structures shall
booms shall be assumed such where maximum stresses be accessible for inspection, cleaning and painting.
in the mast cross-section are produced, and if the mast 4.3.5 The design forces in cargo masts shall be
is provided with standing rigging, the maximum tension determined for such position of a boom or combina-
which arose in the standing rigging. tion of booms which cause the largest forces.
Where no special proof is available, the initial 4.3.6 Shrouds shall be so fitted as not to interfere
tension of the standing rigging shall be taken equal to with operation of booms or running rigging. It is not
1/12 of the breaking load of the rope as a whole. recommended that shrouds be attached to the ends of
4.2.11 When several positions of a boom are the cross-trees (cross-piece) of the mast.
possible, calculations shall be made for each position 4.3.7 The ropes of the standing rigging shall be
separately. Allowable angles of inclination shall be provided with rigging screws; the shroud and stay
indicated in the Testing Certificate. plates shall be securely attached to the ship hull; the
4.2.12 For derricks the parts of which are secured direction of the plates shall be as indicated in 9.2.9.
on the cross-trees account shall be taken of a bending Use of only one item (e.g., shackle) for fastening two
moment and a torque which may arise under conditions ropes is not allowed.
of uneven distribution of forces in the tackle-blocks.
4.2.13 The safe working load shall be taken as a
design load for derricks. 4.4 DERRICK BOOMS
The derrick own weight shall be considered
(except for operation in union purchase) if the 4.4.1 The wall thickness of steel derrick booms
derrick mass amounts to 20 per cent of the safe shall not be less than 4 mm.
working load and more. The outside diameter of derrick booms shall not
For derricks of a special (non-tubular) design exceed the values specified in 4.3.3.
wind pressure shall be taken into consideration as The diameters of the boom sections in the area of
specified for ship's cranes. the boom head and heel shall be not less than 0,65 of
In determining tension in slewing guys of heavy- the boom diameter in its middle part.
lift derricks, heel and trim shall be considered as Transverse butt welds are not allowed in the
specified in 4.2.9. middle part of derrick booms. The arrangement of
these welds shall be in accordance with the standards
recognized by the Register.
4.3 CARGO MASTS
The maximum structural camber of the steel boom
shall not exceed 1/1500 of its length, either in the plane
of the suspension or in the plane normal thereto.
4.3.1 Cargo masts shall have at least two props. 4.4.2 Eye plates for fastening guys shall be fitted
The deck of a sufficiently strong deckhouse or as close as possible to the eye plates for fastening the
superstructure may serve as the upper prop. cargo block in compliance with 9.2.9.
The places in way of fixing the masts shall be 4.4.3 Where a built-in sheave is fitted the boom
adequately stiffened. shall be additionally strengthened to make a section
4.3.2 The wall thickness of cargo masts shall not modulus in way of the sheave not less than that of the
be less than 5 mm if they are arranged within boom without a sheave.
enclosed spaces; it shall be not less than 6,5 mm if 4.4.4 After fitting of eye plates and a built-in
they stand outdoors or have no access inside and at sheave and upon completion of all welding opera-
28 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

tions, each boom shall be tested for tightness by air itudinal axis of the drum, and adequate tension is
with a pressure 0,03 MPa. ensured so that the rope will properly reel onto the
4.4.5 Quality control of welded joints is carried drum, whatever the position of the derrick may be. A
out by means of external examination, measurements coiler or a pressure roller shall be provided if
and radiography in accordance with 3.2.7. necessary (refer also to 1.5.5.7).
4.5.6 It is recommended that arrangements are
made to prevent inadmissible stresses in the boom
and span due to the tension in the guy winches for
4.5 CARGO WINCHES AND REELS single span heavy-lift derricks.
4.5.7 The ratchet-and-pawl mechanisms shall
4.5.1 Cargo winches, span winches and slewing guy withstand the torque which is at least 1,5 times the
winches used for changing the position of derricks maximum torque induced by the force in the derrick
under load shall comply with the requirements of 1.5. boom under the maximum load conditions.
Their drive shall have a braking moment which is 1,5 4.5.8 A span reel driven by another winch through
times the required nominal moment. the driving rope shall not be used with a derrick boom
4.5.2 Span ropes reels and preventer guy reels shall the safe working load of which exceeds 3 tons.
be provided with ratches which automatically come 4.5.9 The rope intended for driving the span reel:
into action when the winch drives are disconnected or shall not be used on a drum which may damage
fail, or when the current is switched off or power supply the rope owing to its condition and design;
to the motor of independent reel drive is interrupted. shall not have more turns on the drum than that
Where reels are driven by the rope from the load specified. Extra turns may be laid onto the drum
drum or whippng drum of the cargo winch, provided with appropriate flanges;
automatic operation may not be needed if the pawl shall not be paid out through the drum, in
does not rise above the ratchet by more than 15 mm. particular, if the rope is made of a synthetic fibre.
4.5.3 The reels driven independently shall also Performance of the chosen rope shall ensure its
comply with the requirements for cargo winches (see adequate strength and reliability in operation.
4.5.1), except for the requirements for the brakes of
the cargo handling gear with electric drives.
4.5.4 Where reels are driven by a rope the winch
drive shall be efficiently divided by a substantial flange 4.6 SAFETY DEVICES
into two sections: for the working rope and for the
driving rope. The driving rope shall be securely fastened 4.6.1 The requirements of 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3 and
to the drum of the topping or similar winch, and to the 5.5.5 specified for ship's cranes and hoists apply also
load drum or to the whipping drum of the cargo winch. to derrick cranes.
4.5.5 Winches and reels shall be installed so that 4.6.2 Installation of safety devices for derrick
the fleet angle of a rope reeled onto the drum shall be cranes used in union purchase shall be subject to
no more 4° about the plane vertical to the long- special consideration by the Register.
5 Ship's Cranes and Hoists 29

5 SHIP'S CRANES AND HOISTS

5.1 GENERAL if the distance between the beams is equal to or more
than the height of the beam, but less than its double
5.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to height, the windward side shall be the total area of
cranes and hoists with allowance for their specific the front beam plus 50 per cent of the area of each
operating conditions and structural features. subsequent beam; if the distance between the beams
5.1.2 Jib cranes shall be designed and installed in is equal to the double height of the beam or more, the
such a way as to obviate a risk of jack-knifing (refer windward side shall be the total area of all the beams.
also to 5.7.1). Portions of rear beams not covered by the front beam
5.1.3 Cranes with derricks on rope suspension shall shall be fully allowed for in the calculations.
be designed in such a way as to obviate a risk of jack- For tubular constructions the design windward
knifing of the derrick to the side opposite to the side may be reduced by multiplying it by the
outreach; due account shall be taken of heel and trim correction factor 0,75.
which are likely to be encountered in service; limiting The design windward area of the load is the
stops may be used when required (refer also to 5.2.4). actual area outlined by the contour of the load to be
5.1.4 The design of ship's cranes and hoists shall lifted by the crane.
enable them to be securely attached to the hull of the For cranes with the safe working loads up to 10 t
ship, fixed offshore platform and mobile offshore inclusive, where appropriate data are not available,
drilling unit. The hull structure of a ship, fixed the load area may be assumed equal to 2 m 2 per 1 t
offshore platform and mobile offshore drilling unit for loads up to 21 inclusive, and 1 m 2 per 11 for loads
shall be adequately stiffened in the place where a of 10 t. The intermediate values of load area may be
crane or hoist will be installed.. determined by interpolation.
5.1.5 Provision shall be made to ensure efficient 5.2.3 Stress calculations for structural members
fastening of cranes, their derricks and hoists when of the ship's cranes installed on ships and mobile
stowed for sea. offshore drilling units shall be made for a heel 5° and
a trim 2°. If the heel and trim in service are greater
than those indicated above, actual values shall be
used in the calculations.
5.2 CALCULATION 5.2.4 For derrick crane booms on rope suspen-
sion it shall be proved by calculations or a functional
5.2.1 The total design load of the ship's cranes test that there is no risk of boom jack-knifing to the
will include: side opposite to boom outreach.
.1 safe working load; The jack-knifing is unlikely to occur if there is a
.2 crane own weight; positive tension in the boom ropes when the outreach of
.3 wind pressure of 400 Pa acting on the deck the boom is minimum and the inclination of the boom is
crane and load surfaces in the longitudinal and the least that could occur in service (but not less than the
transverse directions. heel of 5° and trim 2°), the wind pressure from the side of
In stress calculations of crane elements angles of the outreach being as specified in 5.2.1.3.
inclination shall be taken into consideration in
accordance with 5.2.3.
For cranes intended for operation at rolling the de- 5.3 METAL STRUCTURES
sign loads shall meet the requirements of 6.2.1 and 6.2.2.
5.2.2 In calculating the wind load, the windward
side of the crane shall be assumed as follows: for 5.3.1 The wall thickness of stress-bearing ele-
continuous-sided constructions it is the area outlined ments of crane or hoist metal structures which are
by the contour of the construction, and for latticed readily accessible for inspection and maintenance as
constructions it is the area outlined by the contour of well as of the elements arranged in enclosed spaces
the construction with the area of gaps between the shall not be less than 4 mm; the wall thickness of box-
beams deducted. type or tubular metal structures inaccessible for
For cranes with equally high beams running at inspection and maintenance from the inside shall
different levels (continuous-sided or latticed) one not be less than 6 mm.
behind another, and with the distance between the The maximum structural camber of the crane
beams less than the beam height, the windward side boom shall not exceed 1/1500 of its length, both in the
shall be assumed as the total area of the front beam; plane of suspension and in the plane normal thereto.
30 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

5.3.2 The outside diameter of tubular elements of 5.5 SAFETY DEVICES

metal structures shall not exceed the value indicated
in 4.3.3.
5.3.3 The construction liable to loads (especially 5.5.1 Ship's and deck cranes, as well as power-
to vibration loads) dangerous for breaking away rivet operated hoists for stopping machinery in extreme
heads shall be avoided. In exceptional cases only, positions shall be fitted with the following limiters
may such a construction be permitted. Tensile (switches that automatically come into action):
stresses in rivets with countersink or half-countersink hoisting limiter preventing the load-lifting attach-
heads are not allowed. ment (hook, lifting frame or beam, spreader, etc.)
The holes for rivets and finished bolts shall be drilled being raised to the position where it strikes the
in the joined items at one go or separately through jib structure of other crane or hoist;
plates. lowering limiter ensuring that the minimum
The diameter of rivets and bolts used in the number of turns is always left on the winch drum;
stress-bearing items shall not be less than 12 mm. derricking-in limiter ensuring that the crane jib
The maximum thickness of riveted items shall not cannot be derricked back beyond the minimum
exceed five diameters of the rivet. radius position:
The least number of rivets securing an item in the derricking-out limiter ensuring that the jib cannot
assembly or used on either side of the joint shall be be derricked out beyond the maximum radius
not less than two. position;
telpher or trolley limiter ensuring that the trolley or
crab is stopped before it reaches the track end stops;
5.4 MACHINERY
slewing limiter on cranes with a limited arc of
slew;
long travel limiter on rail-mounted cranes pre-
5.4.1 The machinery of the cranes and hoists shall venting them from approaching the track end stops;
comply with the general technical requirements as grab interlocking limiter.
specified in 1.5. Provision shall be made for reverse movement of
5.4.2 The safety factor of braking for the hoisting the above items of machinery after the limiters (limit
machinery shall not be less than 1,5. For topping switches) have been actuated.
(luffing) machinery the safety factor of braking shall Where closing switches are provided for shunting
not be less than 2; the static moment on the braking the limit switches (e.g. for lowering a jib below the
shaft due to the weight of the load, weight of the jib and maximum radius position when the crane is being
the counterbalance, shall be determined for such a stowed for sea), they shall be accessible only for
position of the jib in which the moment is maximum. authorized crew personnel.
In case the drive is fitted with two or more 5.5.2 Where one motion of a crane or derrick
brakes, the safety factor of braking shall be specified, crane can cause a second motion to approach a
assuming that the entire load is held by one brake. limiter (e.g. a derricking-out motion that can cause a
The safety factor of braking of each of the brakes hoist motion to reach its limit), the limiter shall stop
shall not be less than 1,25 at simultaneous operation both motions.
of all brakes. If operation of brakes is not simulta- Where the jib, when being lowered, is super-
neous, the safety factors for individual brakes shall be imposed on the cargo-gripping device, the lowering
used. limiter and derricking-out limiter shall be actuated
5.4.3 Slewing and travelling motion brakes shall simultaneously.
be of such design that they will either act auto- 5.5.3 The cranes, stability of which depends upon
matically or be controlled; use of "normally on" the load position on the hook shall be provided with
brakes shall be subject to special consideration by the safe working load limiters (SWL limiters) automati-
Register in each case. cally disconnecting the crane machinery when an
The safety factor of braking shall not be less attempt is made to lift the load exceeding the safe
than 1,0. working load of the crane for a given radius.
The safety factor of braking for the upper The SWL limiter shall operate when the load
structures of floating cranes (crane ships) and for being raised or lowered exceeds the safe working load
the cranes intended for operation at rolling shall be by a predetermined amount, generally within the
not less than 1,5. range of 3 to 10 per cent above the safe working load.
Hand-braked slewing and travelling motion The limiter shall only prevent motions that would
machinery shall be provided with stops against increase the overload. After operation the SWL
uncontrolled slewing or movement of the cranes. limiter shall not prevent the load from being lowered.
5 Ship's Cranes and Hoists 31

The following requirements shall be met for the 5.7 MOBILE CRANES AND HOISTS
SWL limiters:
sensors with electric output signal to measure
mechanical forces in the jib and the jib radius shall be 5.7.1 Stability of the mobile cranes shall be
fitted; ensured under all conditions, whether in service or
output circuits shall be interrupted when the not. Stability shall be checked in accordance with
actuation limit is exceeded, the limiter is faulty or procedures and standards approved by the Register.
power supply is discontinued. 5.7.2 Mobile cranes shall be provided with
It is recommended that SWL limiters be fitted on devices for anchoring the crane to its rails or with
cranes of other types and on hoists. reverse rollers.
In order to enhance safe operation of the ship 5.7.3 Mobile cranes and hoists installed on the
and deck cranes, it is recommended to provide them open decks shall be provided with interlocking devices
with recorders of the following parameters: that prevent inadvertent movement along the track
calendar date and time; when in non-working condition (stowed for sea).
current value of cargo weight; Cranes and hoists may not be provided with
current value of jib radii; interlocking devices when in non-working condition
operation of a SWL limiter. and under the wind load at the maximum allowable
5.5.4 Cranes with varying jib radii and constant safe wind speed, the safety factor of braking for the
working load over the whole radius shall be provided traveling motion machinery referred to in 5.4.3 is not
with SWL limiters of hoisting machinery. less than 1,2.
5.5.5 Cargo handling gear with the stationary 5.7.4 When devices for anchoring the crane to its
control station or radio and telecontrol shall be provided rails are used as interlocking devices, their design
with an audible warning alarm which can be put into shall ensure securing of the crane and hoists during
operation by the driver at any time. The audible warning their movement along the entire length of the track.
alarm shall be clearly heard and be distinctive among Power-driven interlocking devices shall be pro-
other audible signals and operation noises. vided with means for manual operation.
5.5.6 Cranes operating in tandem and mounted 5.7.5 Wheels of mobile cranes, trolleys and hoists
on a common supporting and slewing bearing as well shall be so designed or fitted that their derailment is
as those which operate in tandem, but are mounted prevented.
separately, shall be fitted with automatic limiting 5.7.6 Frames of mobile cranes and trolleys shall
switches to stop them in case of any mismatch in their be provided with bearing struts arranged at a distance
operation or at least audible alarms shall be provided of not more than 20 mm from the rails and may be
to warn the crane operator accordingly. used as supports in case a wheel or an axle is broken.
Such cranes shall be equipped with a control The struts shall be calculated for the maximum
system enabling to control both cranes from any of permissible load.
them at the discretion of the operator. 5.7.7 Mobile cranes, trolleys and power-driven
When operating in tandem, both cranes shall be hoists shall be provided with buffers to prevent their
switched off upon operation of any of the limiting contact with stops. The buffers may be fitted on
switches. stops.
5.7.8 Efficient stops shall be provided at both
ends of the track, the design of which shall be such as
to withstand the contact with the crane, trolley or
5.6 COUNTERBALANCES hoist moving with the maximum working load at the
nominal speed.
5.6.1 The design of the crane counterbalance 5.7.9 If several cranes or trolleys travel at one
shall ensure that the weight will remain stable while railway, they shall be provided with the stops to
the crane is in use. Fastening of separate cargoes prevent their collision.
in the counterbalance shall prevent their displace-
ment.
5.6.2 The adjustable counterbalances shall either 5.8 CRANES USED TO CONVEY PERSONNEL
move automatically when the jib radii are being
changed or be provided with a means for clear
indication of the position of the counterbalance for 5.8.1 The requirements of this Chapter apply to
different jib radii. In case of movement of the the ship's cranes and cranes installed on MODU/
adjustable counterbalance, any possibility of its FOP and used to convey the personnel. The term
jamming shall be prevented. "personnel convey" includes the application of cranes
32 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

together with appliances for the personnel convey 5.8.14 The rope, which breaking load shall not be
used to move the personnel between ships and/or less than four times more than the design load under
MODU/FOP and to lift the personnel by crane the most unfavourable conditions of the personnel
within the ship and/or MODU/FOP. convey, shall be secured between the appliance for
5.8.2 The personnel shall be conveyed by a net, the personnel convey and hook in such a way as to
basket, cradle or other product specially designed and avoid injury of the personnel by a hook.
certified for this purpose. These products shall not be 5.8.15 The winches of hoisting and luffing
used for other purposes than the personnel convey. machinery of the cranes used to convey the personnel
5.8.3 A crane operator shall observe the appli- shall be subject for survey for the personnel convey.
ance for the personnel convey with people during 5.8.16 The winches of hoisting and luffing
transportation as well as its lifting and lowering areas machinery shall be provided with two closed-band
and have a direct continuous radio or telephone brakes. In case of an emergency shutdown or a power
communication with the personnel conveyed. failure, the brakes shall be activated automatically. It
5.8.4 Speed of the vertical movement of the shall be possible to test each brake separately.
appliance for the personnel convey shall not exceed 5.8.17 Measures shall be provided to restart
20 m/min. lifting and lowering of the personnel to be conveyed
5.8.5 Accidental movement of the appliance for in a safe position from any position in case of a
the personnel convey shall be prevented by stay ropes power failure.
or other means of stabilization. 5.8.18 When hydraulic cylinders are used for
5.8.6 When the appliance for the personnel luffing, retraction and extension of the derrick, they
convey is gripped by a spreader, every fitting shall shall be provided with non-return valves at both inlet
be provided with the clamps for blocking the and outlet manifolds to provide the cylinders un-
spreader locks, and safety chains of the appliance changed position in case of the hydraulic system
for the personnel convey shall be hooked to the failure. The required non-return valves shall be
spreader shackles. installed directly adjacent to the cylinders.
5.8.7 During convey of the personnel, the 5.8.19 At least three coils shall remain on the
following conditions shall be met: winch drum.
.1 wave height shall not exceed 2 m; 5.8.20 The hooks used to lift the personnel shall
.2 wind speed shall not exceed 10 m/s; be provided with safety latches with efficient securing
.3 personnel shall not be conveyed in low- to avoid any inadvertent opening of a safety latch. A
visibility conditions (heavy rain, snow, fog), icing blocking and/or a spring retention device cannot be
and in any other conditions that may endanger the considered the efficient securing.
personnel safety; 5.8.21 During convey of the personnel, the
.4 lifting and lowering areas of the appliance for cargo handling gear shall be operated from one
the personnel convey shall be free from any foreign control panel complying with the requirements
objects. in 5.8.3.
5.8.8 The load diagram and curve built for the 5.8.22 The crane control panel shall be equipped
personnel lifting shall be submitted for review as part with a special manual switch to actuate the personnel
of the crane technical documentation. covey/load lifting mode blocked in both positions
5.8.9 SWL of the appliance for the personnel with a key and with a continuous light indicator
convey shall not exceed 50 per cent of SWL of the warning of the personnel convey mode activation.
cargo handling gear. The automatic or manual overload protection
5.8.10 During design and analysis of the cargo systems, if any, shall be automatically switched off
handling gear used to convey the personnel, double when the personnel convey mode is activated.
personnel weight shall be applied as design load. The 5.8.23 In the personnel convey mode the follow-
appliance for the personnel convey shall be regarded ing functions shall be provided:
as part of load. .1 all brakes are automatically actuated when the
5.8.11 During analysis of the cargo handling gear controls are in neutral position and in case of an
and building of a load diagram, a jib radius of boom emergency shutdown;
and wave height shall be considered. .2 automatic overload protection system, if any,
5.8.12 The safety factor of ropes for the load is interlocked;
corresponding to the full loading condition during .3 manual overload protection system is inter-
the personnel convey shall be at least 10. locked;
5.8.13 The ropes shall be non-spinning, designed .4 motion compensators, rope tensioning systems,
for lifting and lowering the cargo and personnel, swell compensators, if any, are interlocked, except for
made from the Grade B wire. those specially designed for the personnel convey;
5 Ship's Cranes and Hoists 33

.5 emergency disconnect systems, if any, are 5.8.26 The appliance for the personnel convey
interlocked, i.e. they shall not be actuated, irrespec- shall be hung up on a hook of a cargo handling gear
tive of the switch or emergency release position. by a special ring non-detachable in operating condi-
5.8.24 The characteristics of the appliance for the tions. The appliance may be moved by container
personnel convey shall comply with the following: cranes with the fixed spreaders.
.1 rated load of the appliance shall be calculated 5.8.27 Any possibility of tipping over of the
as follows: appliance for the personnel convey shall be excluded
165 kg for the first person, in case when the personnel to be conveyed is standing
100 kg for every subsequent person; at one side of the appliance creating the maximum
.2 design of the appliance shall be such that overturning moment.
personnel may hold on the appliance standing close 5.8.28 To provide safety, the slings used to hung
to its side; up the appliance for the personnel convey shall not be
.3 dimensions of the appliance shall be such as to used for other purposes and shall have the following
provide the appliance stability when lowered onto the values of the safety factor:
deck. for chain slings — at least 8;
5.8.25 The appliance for the personnel convey for rope slings — at least 10;
shall have solid, non-skid bottom/floor surface to for thimbles (shackles, rings) used to hang up the
withstand a load at least twice exceeding the rated appliance for the personnel convey — at least 10.
lifting capacity of the appliance and rigid guard rails 5.8.29 The rope ends shall be fastened with
at least 1100 mm high along the entire bottom/floor braided thimbles or thimbles with clamps, ferrules
capable of withstanding a horizontal load equal to shall not be used. Length of the slings used to lift the
not less than half rated lifting capacity. The structure appliance for the personnel convey shall be set in
between the guard rails and the bottom/floor shall accordance with the developed slinging diagrams.
prevent the personnel accidental slipping-out in case 5.8.30 Only automatic spreaders with triple
of the appliance swinging during convey. Provision (electrical and mechanical) interlocking of twistlock
shall be made for the personnel efficient securing to release may be used to lift and move the appliance for
the appliance with safety devices during convey. the personnel convey. Mechanical spreaders and
Safety harnesses of the personnel in the appliance frames with manual lock release are not permitted.
shall be tightly secured to the appropriate anchor 5.8.31 The tests include lifting and holding
points. Length of the safety device lanyard shall be for 10 min a load located at the bottom/on the floor
such that a person shall remain within the appliance of the appliance for the personnel convey, which mass is
in any case. twice greater than the lilting capacity of the appliance.
34 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

6 UPPER STRUCTURES OF FLOATING CRANES AND CRANE SHIPS.

CRANES ON FLOATING DOCKS

6.1 GENERAL .6 inertia forces arising from deceleration (accel-

eration) of jib luffing, slewing or travel machinery
6.1.1 The upper structures of the floating cranes, and loads resulting from rolling (calculated using
crane ships and cranes installed on floating docks are angles of load deviation determined by a method
subject to all the requirements of the present Rules approved by the Register; in all cases, the angles shall
applied to the ship's cranes with due regard for be assumed not less than 3° far and wide the derrick
additions and amendments specified in this Section. at a time). The angles shall be counted off from the
6.1.2 In case of inclinations permissible for the vertical with maximum dynamic heel of the upper
floating crane and crane ship in use, a counterbalance structure;
shall not extend outboard. .7 centrifugal inertia forces resulting from the
6.1.3 The upper structures shall be provided with upper structure turn;
SWL limiters which comply with the requirements of .8 vertical inertia forces acting on the load in case
5.5.3. of rolling (considered by means of a dynamic load
factor determined by a method approved by the
Register; in all cases the value of the dynamic load
factor shall not be less than 1,25).
6.2 CALCULATION 6.2.2 The following combinations of the design
loads for the upper structures shall be considered:
6.2.1 The design loads for the upper structures .1 normal loads in the working condition.
shall be taken as follows: The loads to be included in the calculations are:
.1 load weight; the safe working load, own weight of constructions,
.2 own weight of structures and equipment inertia forces in case of smooth starting and braking,
arranged thereupon; the average wind pressure. They are considered in
.3 wind load (wind pressure on the load and calculation of endurance (fatigue strength) of the
metal structures shall be taken not less than 400 Pa upper structure made by a method approved by the
for maximum loads in the working condition, not less Register. Thus obtained, the value of safety factor
than 125 Pa for load drop and not less than 2000 Pa shall be not less than that determined by the
for the maximum load in the non-working condition. calculation given in 6.2.2.2;
The design wind pressure in the non-working .2 maximum loads in the working condition.
condition may be reduced if well-grounded reasons Case 1. The upper structure is motionless (the
are given, allowing for actual conditions of service of hoisting machinery alone is working); hoisting
the upper structures in the water area, but in all cases, (tearing off) of a load from the ground (deck) or
however, it shall be assumed not less than 1000 Pa); braking in lowering the load, drop of load occur.
.4 loads due to heel and trim of the ship (stress The loads to be included in the calculations are:
calculation for structural members of the upper the safe working load allowing for the maximum
structures intended for operation in still water shall dynamic load factor, own weight of construction
be made on the basis of static list 5°, with the slewing components and wind pressure on the crane structure
upper structure jib positioned transversely and on the and the load in the working condition, inertia loads
basis of static trim, equal to 2°, with the jib alongside resulted from the drop of the load and ship's motions
the ship; if the heel and trim are greater in service in rolling.
than those stated above, the actual values shall be The dynamic load factor shall be calculated with
taken for calculation; inertia forces acting on the due regard for the maximum speed of load handling,
upper structures as a result of rolling; rigidity of the structure (ropes included), and the
.5 inertia forces resulting from hoisting (lowering) structure and load masses both for hoisting (tearing
the load with the hoisting machinery, when operating off) and braking (when lowering) the load.
in the acceleration (deceleration) mode (dynamic load Case 2. The upper structure with the load is in
factor shall be calculated by a method approved by motion (travelling, luffing or slewing), one of the items
the Register; in this case, its value for the upper of machinery is in acceleration or deceleration mode.
structures intended for operation in still water shall The loads to be included in the calculations are:
be not less than 1,15, and not less than 1,4 for the the safe working load and own weight of construction
upper structures intended for operation at rolling); components with due allowance for the shock factor
6 Upper Structures of Floating Cranes and Crane Ships. Cranes on Floating Docks 35

while moving along the track, maximum horizontal 6.3.3 The ratio of the drum (block) and rope
inertia forces of masses of the upper structure and the diameters shall be not less than:
load, allowing for skidding of wheels, disconnection 16 for the drum;
of limiting moment couplings or other design 18 for the working block;
features, wind pressure on the upper structure and 14 for the balance block.
the load in the working condition and inertia forces 6.3.4 The metal structures shall be so designed as
resulting from rolling. to provide an access for their inspection from the
The shock factor is determined depending on the inside. If such access cannot be provided, the
travelling speed and rail joints; requirements of 10.4.4 shall be met.
.3 maximum load under non-working condition. 6.3.5 Welded structures and joints of metal structure
The loads to be included in the calculations are: own elements shall meet the requirements of 1.7, Part II
weight of construction components and wind pressure "Hull", and Part XTV "Welding" of the Rules for the
on the construction in the non-working condition. Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
In well-grounded cases, owing to specific features
of service or the upper structure, use of the design
loads different from the above may be required.
6.2.3 For the upper structures of simple con- 6.4 TESTS
struction such as mast or mast-jib type, the design
loads referred to in 5.2.1 may be used. 6.4.1 The upper structure of the prototype
floating crane (crane ship) intended for the operation
at rolling shall be subject to full-scale tests in the
scope specified in 10.3.4, with maximum values of
6.3 METAL STRUCTURES, DRUMS, BLOCKS rolling and wind pressure.
6.4.2 In addition to the tests to be carried out in
6.3.1 The wall thickness of stress-bearing ele- accordance with 10.3.5, the upper structure of series-
ments of metal structures shall be not less than: built floating cranes (crane ships) intended for
5,0 mm for profiles painted from the inside and operation at rolling shall be tested:
outside; .1 with a proof load equal to 1,4 of the safe
6,0 mm for closed box sections; working load with maximum radius of the jib along
5,0 mm for hot-rolled or extruded tubes with the ship. The proof load shall be applied statically.
hermetically closed ends. The time of keeping the upper structure under the
6.3.2 The thickness of the profile plate in welded load is at least 5 min;
structures shall be not less than 30 mm and not less .2 with a proof load equal to 1,25 of the safe
than 50 mm in riveted and bolted structures. working load in the scope specified in 10.3.4.
36 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

7 SHIP'S LIFTS
7.1 GENERAL 7.1.7 Each opening in a deck provided for a cargo
lift platform shall be protected by barriers of a height
7.1.1 The requirements of this Section do not of not less than 1 m above the deck level on each side
apply to the lifts with the safe working load less than of the opening that is not in use for vehicle access and
250 kg and to the lifts of special construction such as egress.
outboard lifts, as well as to the auxiliaries used for The machinery of the cargo lift shall be
securing cargo (e.g. rigging screws, hooks, shoes on interlocked unless the barriers are all closed.
the rails, lighting gates, etc.) which are not an integral 7.1.8 A suitable trip device shall be fitted beneath
part of the lift. each side and end of the platform and beneath each side
7.1.2 The lifts and their components shall be so and end of each deck opening provided for the lift.
designed, constructed and installed on board ships as to Where locking latches are fitted at any deck to enable
ensure their safe and efficient operation in full the platform to be stowed during cargo handling
compliance with these Rules, recognized standards operations, they shall be interlocked in such a manner
and specifications based on the above documents and with the lift controls that the power cannot be applied
approved in accordance with the established procedure. to the platform until all the latches are withdrawn.
7.1.3 The ratio of drum, sheave or block diameter
measured in the groove bottom to the rope diameter
shall not be less than the values given in Table 7.1.3. 7.2 CALCULATION
T a b l e 7.1.3
7.2.1 General.
Type Drum Angle Blocks of overspeed Methods of calculation of forces and stresses in the
of lift or traction blocks governors, gripping lift components are not regulated by the Rules but in
sheave device operation, separate cases the Register may require that calculation
etc.
methods approved by the Register are used.
Passenger 40 30 25 7.2.2 Design loads.
Cargo 30 25 25 7.2.2.1 In calculating the strength and stability of
metal structures and loose gear, as well as the items of
safety devices and guides the following shall be taken
7.1.4 The lifts shall be provided with completely into account:
enclosed machinery spaces constructed to give weath- .1 for the operating condition:
er protection and fitted with lockable doors. safe working load;
The size of the machinery space shall ensure: own mass of the equipment;
.1 convenient access to the winch and motor from weight components for a ship having a heel
at least two sides with the width of a passageway not of 15°;
less than 500 mm; weight components for a ship having a trim of 3°;
.2 the width of a passageway (in clear) from the inertia forces due to ship's motion;
front side of the control panels not less than 750 mm. inertia forces exerted when the car (counterweight)
Where access is required from the rear of the is setting down on gripping devices and buffers;
panel for maintenance, the clearance between the .2 for stowed condition:
panel and the wall shall be not less than 750 mm; own mass of equipment;
.3 the free area of at least 1000 x 1000 mm at the weight components for a ship having a heel of 30°;
entrance of the machinery space. weight components for a ship having a trim of 6°;
The height of the machinery space shall enable inertia forces due to ship's motions.
the mounting and dismantling of the equipment. The design loads shall be considered for the most
7.1.5 Equipment which does not relate to the lifts unfavourable operating condition of the structural
may not be installed in the trunks and machinery member concerned.
spaces. 7.2.2.2 The useful car area for the passenger lifts
7.1.6 The slots for passage of the cable made in is determined according to Table 7.2.2.2.
the floor of the machinery and block spaces shall be The maximum available car area, in m 2 , may be
of such size that the clearance between the cable and increased as follows:
the slot edge will not be less than 25 mm. The slots 1,17 for 5 persons;
shall be surrounded by kerbs at least 50 mm high. 1,66 for 8 persons;
7 Ship's Lifts 37

T a b l e 7.2.2.2 Py = component of the inertia forces, parallel to the transverse

axis of the ship, kN;
Maximum Maximum car Maximum Maximum car Pz = component of the inertia forces, parallel to the vertical
number of area, in m2, number of area, in m2, axis of the ship, kN;
passengers not more than passengers not more than P'z = vertical component of the inertia forces due to rolling, kN;
P"z = vertical component of the inertia forces due to pitching, kN;
a = 11,38, factor determined by multiplication of constant
3 0,70 12 2,20 factor 1,16 by g = 9,81 where g is the gravitational
4 0,90 13 2,35 acceleration, m/sf
5 1,10 14 2,50 0 = mass of structural member of lift and/or the allowable safe
6 1,30 15 2,65 working load, t;
7 1,45 16 2,80 9max, \|/max = amplitudes of rolling and pitching, respectively, deg.
8 1,60 17 2,95 The amplitudes for the operating condition of the lift
9 1,75 18 3,10 shall be taken as maximum values at which the operation
10 1,90 19 3,25 of the lift is still permitted and for stowed condition they
shall be not less than 30° and 6° with a period of rolling
11 2,05 20 3,40 and pitching 12 s and 7 s, respectively;
N o t e . The requirements of the Table do not apply to the x, y, z = centre of gravity co-ordinates of lift structural members
lifts designed before 1982. about the axes, with the ship centre of gravity being the
origin of the co-ordinates, m;
T\, T2 = periods of rolling and pitching, respectively, s;
2,35 for 12 persons; k = dynamic load factor calculated with due regard for lift
3,56 for 20 persons. movement. The minimum values of factor k for main
operating modes are given in Table 7.2.2.3-1.
In calculating the safe working load of the lift the
mass of one passenger is assumed to be 80 kg. T a b l e 7.2.2.3-1
A decrease in useful car area may be taken into No. Operating mode of the lift Dynamic load
consideration as follows: factor, k
where the handrails are installed, in proportion to 1 Starting and stopping 1,2
the distance between the handrails and the car walls; 2 Setting down on buffer 3,5
where hinged doors are used, by the amount of 3 Setting down on abrupt braking 3,5
gripping device
the space occupied by one panel when it is open. 4 Setting down on smooth braking 3,0
In calculating the loads it is assumed that the gripping device
centre of gravity position of passengers and cargo in 5 Rolling of a truck in the car 1,5
the car is as follows:
for passenger lifts, at 1/6 of the width and 1/6 of The values of Table 7.2.2.3-2 for load components
the depth from the centre of the car floor; may be used having regard to a considerable effect of
for cargo lifts, at 1/2 of the width and 1/2 of the depth. the lift position on the resultant components of load.
The vertical centre of gravity position of cargo or T a b l e 7.2.2.3-2
passengers is assumed to be 1/2 of the car height
counting from the floor. No. Load case resultant
Nos components of load, kN
Where the cargo is transported on trucks, the
actual position of cargo in the lift car shall be taken Px
into account. Normal operation without 11,80
7.2.2.3 Inertia forces due to ship's motions taken ship inclination
into account in the calculation shall be not less than Normal operation at an angle of 1,10 3,20 16,40
those determined by the following formulae: heel 15° and an angle of trim of 3°
Smooth braking gripping devices 1,10 3,20 41,10
rolling or buffers at an angle of heel of
15° and an angle of trim of 3°
Abrupt braking gripping 1,10 3,20 68,50
^ = ^0(0,061-^+^0^); (7.2.2.3-1) device at an angle of heel of
15° and an angle of trim of 3°
Stowed condition at an angle 2,10 6,30 16,90
(7.2.2.3-2) of heel of 30° and an angle of
p ; = *«Q(0,061-^+cosenutt). trim of 6°
pitching N o t e . The resultant components allow for the loads due to
inertia forces, heel and trim referred to in 7.2.2.1.
^ = ^0(0,061-^+^^); (7.2.2.3-3)
7.2.2.4 Strength calculations of winches and their
foundations are based on the values of rope pull
P» = * B Q ( 0 , 0 6 1 - ^ +cosv|/ max ), (7.2.2.3-4) according to 7.2.3.2, taking into account losses due to
friction forces, as well as the heel and trim of the ship.
where Dynamic load factor is determined by calculations or
Px = component of the inertia forces, parallel to the long- experimentally, but in no case shall it be less than 1,4.
itudinal axis of the ship, kN;
38 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

7.2.2.5 The design deceleration of an empty car <?2 — mass of pulling arrangement of equalizing ropes, kg;
n = number of ropes or rope runs by which the car is
or counterweight run, when setting down on buffers suspended.
in an emergency at the rated speed, shall not exceed
25 m/s? This value may be exceeded, if the decelera- For a rope used to operate the gripping device the
tion time is not more than 0,04 s. The car buffers ratio of breaking load to the maximum load
shall be so designed as to take up the kinetic energy calculated with regard to dynamics due to ship's
of the car with the test load exceeding the safe motions shall be not less than 5.
working load of the lift by 10 per cent. 7.2.4 Requirements for rigidity and stability.
7.2.3 Strength requirements. 7.2.4.1 The rigidity of trunk structures to which
7.2.3.1 The comparable stresses in structural members the guides are attached shall be such that the total
when subjected to the loads specified in 7.2.2.1 with regard elastic deformation measured by the rod gauge
to 7.2.2.3 shall not exceed the following allowable stresses (distance between the guides) will be not more than
given in Table 7.2.3.1 (refer also to 2.3.3 and 2.3.4): + 2 mm when subjected to the rated loads specified in
7.2.2.1 with regard for 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4.
T a b l e 7.2.3.1 The deflection of the guides under the same loads
Allowable shall not exceed 0,001 of the distance between the
Operating mode of the lift comparable
stresses not supports of guide attachments to the trunk.
more than The deflection of the base girders carrying the
Starting and stopping 0,40 ReH winches under the same loads shall not exceed 0,0005
Setting down on the buffer 0,60 Re„ of the distance between the supports of the girders.
Setting down on abrupt braking gripping device 0,70 ReH 7.2.4.2 The flexibility of the guides shall be not
Setting down on smooth braking gripping device
Rolling of truck into the car 0,80 ReH more than 120.
0,60 ReH
N o t e . ReH is upper yield stress of the material used.
7.3 METAL STRUCTURES
For winches and their foundations the allowable
stresses shall be assumed equal to 0,6 R^j. 7.3.1 Trunk.
In strength calculation of the parts made of cast 7.3.1.1 The lift trunk shall be provided with
iron, the safety factor shall be doubled relative to the ceiling and bottom and be enclosed over the full
allowable stresses. height.
7.2.3.2 The safety factor of the suspension ropes Ceiling, bottom and enclosure of the trunk shall
with respect to their breaking load on the whole shall be calculated in compliance with the requirements of
be not less than specified in Table 7.2.3.2. 7.2 and shall meet the appropriate requirements of
T a b l e 7.2.3.2 Part II "Hull", Part V "Subdivision" and Part VI
Type of winch "Fire Protection" of the Rules for the Classification
Load imposed and Construction of Sea-Going Ships and Load Line
on the lift Drum Traction Rules for Sea-Going Ships.
Passenger:
7.3.1.2 The trunks shall not be located before the
collision bulkhead and at a distance less than
static 9 12 0,2fi from the ship's side.
dynamic 6,5 8,5
Cargo: 7.3.1.3 To ensure a means of escape from the lift
static 8 10 trunk in case of an emergency stop of the car, a fixed
dynamic 5,5 7,0 ladder shall be provided in the trunk or clamps shall
be fitted over the entire height of the trunk.
7.3.1.4 At the bottom of the trunk provision
The safety factors of the suspension ropes shall be made for a pit, the shelter space of which
specified in Table 7.2.3.2 are adopted as applied to counting from the base plate of the car or the
the single rope run. The load S, in kN, imposed to counterweight to the buffer is not more than
one rope run is determined by the following formula: 200 mm when the car is at the lowest level. With
o_0+0c + 0i + 0,5Q2 (7.2.3.2) the car resting on the fully compressed buffer, the
distance from the pit bottom to the lower projecting
lOOn parts of the car (except for shoes, lower beam and
where vertical panel under the sill) shall be not less than
Q = rated safe working load of the lift, kg;
Qc = car mass, kg; 750 mm. This distance may be reduced if there are
Qi = mass of ropes running from the drum, traction sheave removable devices to ensure the above distance
or block to the point of their attachment to the car at its when the car is setting down on them.
lowest level, kg;
7 Ship's Lifts 39

7.3.1.5 The trunk pit may be drained using hand the Rules for the Classification and Construction of
pumps, water ejectors or other drainage means, as Sea-Going Ships.
well as through drain pipes led into the nearest 7.3.2.3 The doors shall be provided with sight
compartments of the ship where drainage is provided. openings. For lifts with power-operated doors and
The drain pipes shall be fitted with readily for lifts fitted with car landing indicators on the stop
accessible self-closing cocks of not less than 39 mm decks, sight openings may not be provided.
in diameter. 7.3.2.4 Static compression force of the panels of
7.3.1.6 For maintenance of the equipment located semi-automatic trunk doors shall be not more than
in the lift trunk (angle blocks, overspeed governor, 150 N.
etc.) manholes with closing devices or removable 7.3.2.5 The trunk doors shall be provided with
plates may be provided in the ceiling and on the lift locking devices to allow the doors to be locked before
enclosure. Covers of the manholes and removable the car will move from its level for a distance of 150 mm.
plates shall be opened outside. 7.3.2.6 Manually-operated trunk doors, along
7.3.1.7 The inside surface of the trunk on the side with automatic locks, shall be fitted with non-
of the car door shall be smooth and even, without automatic fixing devices allowing the doors to be
recesses and projections. closed with the locking devices unlocked.
This requirement shall be applied for the entire 7.3.2.7 Measures shall be taken to prevent the
width of the door opening plus 50 mm on each side, lock from unlocking from outside the lift trunk if
and for the height, within the area of the door there is no car at the door level or if the movement of
opening but not less than 300 mm for passenger lifts the lift car is controlled from the lift machinery space
and not less than 200 mm for cargo lifts. (refer to 7.10.3.5).
For other trunk areas limited by the width of the The exception is made for unlocking the trunk
door opening plus 50 mm on each side recesses and doors with no car at the door level by the authorized
projections of not more than 150 mm are permitted. persons using special tools.
For projections and recesses exceeding 5 mm (except 7.3.2.8 If an obstacle arises for closing the power-
for the lifts with power-operated doors) chamfers operated doors, their panels shall take their initial
shall be provided at an angle of not less than 60° to position automatically.
the horizontal. For the lifts with power-operated 7.3.3 Guides.
doors chamfers shall be required for projections 7.3.3.1 The lift car and its counterweight shall be
exceeding 50 mm and only from below. provided with the guides of rigid and strong
7.3.1.8 The height of the lift trunk shall be such that construction.
after operation of the limit switches and the lift stop: 7.3.3.2 The guides and their joints shall be so desig-
.1 free movement of the lift car (or the counter- ned that their displacement in any direction is prevented.
weight) upwards for a distance of not less than 7.3.3.3 The length of the roller guides shall be such
200 mm is ensured; as to enable the lift car and counterweight to overtravel
.2 the distance between the platform on the car their limiting working positions with shoes not getting
roof designed for attending personnel and the off from the guides (and with compressed buffers).
projections of the trunk ceiling or the equipment 7.3.4 Lift car.
under the ceiling is not less than 750 mm. 7.3.4.1 The lift car shall be provided with the
7.3.2 Trunk doors. floor and roof and be enclosed over the entire height.
7.3.2.1 All entrance and loading openings in the 7.3.4.2 The car roof shall withstand without
trunk shall be provided with doors. The inner width of permanent deformation the load produced by two
the door in clear shall be not more than that of the lift persons walking thereupon (the mass of one person is
car. The hinged doors shall be opened outside only. assumed to be 80 kg).
The height of the trunk door for passenger lifts 7.3.4.3 Passenger lift cars shall be provided with
shall be not less than 1800 mm, the minimum inner doors. Cargo lift cars may have no doors to close the
width of the door in clear being equal to 1600 mm. If doways, provided the arrangements for cargo securing
loading and unloading operations are performed are available (refer to 7.1.1). The lattice type sliding
without entering the car, the height of the trunk door doors are permitted for cars of cargo lifts only.
for cargo lifts shall not be more than 1400 mm. The 7.3.4.4 The hinged doors shall be opened only
height of the trunk door shall be measured from the inside the car.
deck to the upper edge of the door opening. 7.3.4.5 Static compression force of panels of
7.3.2.2 The design and material of the doors if power-operated sliding door shall be not more than
they are part of the tight structure shall comply with 150 N.
the requirements of Part III "Equipment, Arrange- 7.3.4.6 A lockable escape hatch of a size
ments and Outfit" and Part VI "Fire Protection" of 400 x 500 mm (in clear) shall be provided in the roof
40 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

of the passenger lift car. The car shall be fitted with 7.5 BUFFERS
the spar ladder or other means of access to the car
roof in case of emergency. Instructions on leaving the
car through the escape hatch shall be fixed inside the 7.5.1 Buffers (limit stops) shall be located in the
car. On agreement with the Register, the hatch size trunk pit under the lift car and counterweight.
may be less for the lifts designed before 1982. 7.5.2 Lifts may be provided with spring or
7.3.4.7 The car of the passenger lift shall be hydraulic type buffers ensuring deceleration of the
provided with the handrails. car (counterweight) movement not exceeding 25 m/s 2
7.3.4.8 The height of the car doors shall be not when setting down on these buffers. This value may
less than that of the trunk doors (refer to 7.3.2.1). be exceeded if the deceleration time is not over 0,04 s.
7.3.4.9 The movable floor of the car shall be Use of hard limit stops with flexible gaskets are
made as a solid board. The dimensions of the board allowed only for lifts having the rated speed not more
shall be such that the width of the motionless part of than 0,7 m/s.
the floor (frame) near the side and rear walls does not No hard limit stops with flexible gaskets are
exceed 25 mm. The travel of the board shall not permitted for hospital lifts.
exceed 20 mm. In the car fitted with a movable floor, 7.5.3 Deceleration of the counterweight run when
sliding doors and a control system which provides for setting down on the buffer (limit stop) shall not cause
the car movement only with the doors closed, the sill setting of the car on gripping devices.
(the lower guides of the doors) is allowed to be
motionless.
The safety switch shall operate safety contacts 7.6 GRIPPING DEVICES
when the load imposed on the floor reaches 250 N.
The function of the movable floor may be 7.6.1 Lifts cars and counterweights shall be
substituted by an electronic load-measuring device provided with gripping devices capable of gripping
positioned between the lift car and suspension ropes the guides and stopping the car (or counterweight) in
and ensuring the required switching-on process under the downward direction in case of:
the same minimum load. .1 increase of the lowering speed to a value
7.3.4.10 Under the car sill a vertical apron shall specified in 7.7.1;
be provided over the whole width of the door flush .2 break of ropes.
with the front edge of the sill or movable floor. 7.6.2 Gripping devices of passenger lifts shall be
The height of the apron shall be not less than tripped by an overspeed governor. Tripping of gripping
150 mm, and it shall be not less than 300 mm for devices of cargo lifts is allowed only in case of break of
power-operated trunk doors with the lift car being the suspension ropes (without an overspeed governor)
fully stopped. by connection gripping device mechanisms with:
7.3.4.11 Manually opened car doors shall be .1 suspension ropes;
provided with the sight openings. .2 counterweight;
.3 gripping devices of the counterweight.
7.6.3 The counterweight gripping devices may be
7.4 COUNTERWEIGHT
tripped by one of the following methods:
.1 by overspeed governor when the limit speed
specified in 7.7.1 is exceeded;
7.4.1 Separate loads shall be so secured in the .2 by connection of mechanisms of gripping
counterweight as to prevent shifting the loads from device operation with suspension ropes;
their normal position by more than 5 mm. .3 by connection of mechanisms of gripping
7.4.2 Counterweight parts shall be reliably device operation with the car.
clamped by the hold-down straps and clamping bolts 7.6.4 The cars and counterweights of all types of
the nuts of which shall be secured by pins. Other lifts may be equipped with gripping devices provided
suitable connecting means are allowed. for both abrupt and smooth braking. In this case, the
7.4.3 A counterweight shall be fitted with guide maximum value of deceleration of the car or
shoes. If the counterweight is equipped with roller counterweight run when setting down on gripping
shoes, provision shall be made for hard control shoes. devices shall not exceed 25 m/s 2 (with no regard for
7.4.4 Lifts with a drum winch may not be ship's motions). This value may be exceeded if the
provided with a counterweight. deceleration time is not more than 0,04 s.
7 Ship's Lifts 41

7.6.5 The gripping devices shall be tripped only 7.9 WINCH

by means of mechanical devices.
7.6.6 When tripped, the gripping devices shall 7.9.1 Lift winches may be both of the traction
automatically return to their working position as (i.e. with a traction sheave) and of the drum type.
soon as the car (counterweight) starts lifting. In both cases, a lift winch shall be equipped with
a handwheel or other suitable means for manual
operation with the maximum force not exceeding
7.7 OVERSPEED GOVERNORS
735 N.
7.9.2 All winches shall be fitted with self-locking
7.7.1 The gripping devices shall be tripped by brakes of the closedband type, the braking torque of
overspeed governors at a speed of the car (counter- which is equal to 1,5 times the rated load on the traction
weight) downward movement in excess of the rated sheave or on the drum with the loaded car moving
speed within 15 to 40 per cent. downwards. Use of band brakes is not permitted. When
7.7.2 The possibility of checking the trip of the power supply from the electric motor is interrupted, the
overspeed governor and gripping devices during the possibility of car movement by manual releasing of
car (counterweight) movement in the downward brakes shall be provided. The brake drum or the brake
direction at the rated speed shall be provided. Where sheave shall be installed on the shaft which is
checking the overspeed governor tripping is impos- kinematically non-detachable from the traction sheave
sible, other means shall be used. (drum). When operation of the releasing element is
7.7.3 The force exerted in the working part of the interrupted, the brakes shall be tightened automatically.
rope by the overspeed governor, when tripped, shall 7.9.3 Interference fit is allowed in winch assem-
be not less than twice the force necessary to engage blies which transfer a torque (other than an electric
the gripping devices. motor) only provided they are additionally secured
by keys, studs, bolts, etc. Additional fastenings shall
be designed for the highest torque.
7.8 ROPES, DETATLS OF CABLE RUN AND FASTENING 7.9.4 When a rope is wound in a single layer onto
OF ROPES the drum, the latter shall have helical rope grooves.
Where the rope is wound in multi-layers onto the
7.8.1 The ropes for lifts shall be chosen according drum, the latter may be not grooved but in this case a
to calculations laid down in 7.6.2. In no case shall the suitable coiling device shall be fitted. Rims of the
rope diameter for passenger lifts be less than 8,0 mm smooth (grooved) drums shall extend 2,5 rope
for the suspension ropes and 6,0 mm for the ropes of diameters beyond the outer layer of the rope.
the overspeed governors. 7.9.5 When the car and counterweight are at their
7.8.2 The number of separate ropes by which the lowest position, at least 1,5 rope turns shall remain
car and counterweight are suspended shall be not less on the drum, besides those under the clamps.
than that given in Table 7.8.2. The fasteners of ropes to the drum shall be
designed with the rope friction to be neglected.
T a b l e 7.8.2 7.9.6 The traction sheave shall be provided with
Type of lift Type of winch grooves, the shape of which at a given angle of rope
Drum Traction contact and with the selected material of the sheave
Passenger 1 3
would provide the required coupling of the ropes with
the sheave. Structural measures shall be taken to
Cargo 1 2 provide stopping of the lift drive and to prevent the
possibility of lifting the car in case of an emergency stop
7.8.3 Ropes shall be made of steel as one piece of the counterweight and vice versa. Dropping of ropes
with the wires of "Lang" lay provided with a fibre or (chains) from driving and guiding components shall be
synthetic core. Ropes with a steel core may be used. prevented in all operating conditions of the lift.
In all other respects, the ropes shall meet the national
standards and the requirements for ropes of the cargo
handling gear (refer to 9.5.1, 9.5.2, 9.5.4). 7.10 ELECTRIC DRIVE, CONTROL, SIGNALLING
7.8.4 The proper strength of all parts of cable AND LIGHTING
runs and attachment of ropes to the car, counter-
weight and winch drum (in case a drum winch is 7.10.1 General.
used) shall be provided. As to the blocks, thimbles, 7.10.1.1 Electrical equipment of the lift when not
rope sockets, pressed clamps, the requirements of covered by specific requirements of these Rules shall
9.3.4, 9.3.7, 10.2.1 and 10.2.4 shall be complied with. meet the appropriate requirements of Part XI
42 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

"Electrical Equipment" of the Rules for the Classi- 7.10.2.2 The driving electric motor shall be
fication and Construction of Sea-Going Ships. switched on to the circuit by not less than two switch
7.10.1.2 Electric drive of the lift may be fed both gears ensuring double break of the electrical motor
from the main and the section switchboards or from supply circuit each time the car approaches the
the distribution board through a specially designed entrance station.
switching-off device (switch) fitted in the machinery 7.10.2.3 The electric drive of the lifts with the
space of the lift close to its entrance door. rated speed of more than 0,71 m/s shall ensure the car
This switch shall be so designed as to de-energize movement at a speed of not more than 0,35 m/s (for
the driving motor simultaneously with the control the speed of car movement during inspection of the
circuits. Where driving motors for several lifts are lift trunk, refer also to 7.10.3.5).
installed in the machinery space, they shall be 7.10.2.4 Release of an electromagnetic brake shall
energized through separate switches. be ensured simultaneously with switching on the
7.10.1.3 Provision shall be made for protection of the driving motor, or immediately after its switching on.
electric drive of the lift without time delay which ensures Switching off the driving motor shall be followed by
de-energizing of the electric motor in case of overloading operation of the electromagnetic brake or by switch-
and under short circuit current in the power circuit. ing on electrical braking with subsequent operation
7.10.1.4 Control circuits of the lift electric drive of the electromagnetic brake.
shall be provided with a switching-off device and 7.10.3 Control and signalling systems.
short circuit protection. 7.10.3.1 Control circuits of the electric drive shall
7.10.1.5 For all types of lifts provision shall be be supplied by the power feeder of this drive.
made for the electric motor switching-off, brake Connection to the feeder shall be made after the
operation and car stoppage: switching-off device.
.1 in any case of gripping device operation; 7.10.3.2 Lifts shall be controlled by special
.2 in case of breaking or slacking of one or more button units. All the control units, other than those
or all suspension ropes both on the car and on the intended only for calling the lift car on the loading
counterweight side; deck, shall be fitted with safety buttons to ensure
.3 when the car exceeds its limit levels by more isolation of the electric drive from power supply.
than 200 mm; These buttons shall be painted red, bear clearly
.4 when rope pulling arrangement of the over- visible inscription "stop" and be placed nearby the
speed governor exceeds the limit operating positions; control buttons.
.5 when opening the car or trunk doors; 7.10.3.3 Control buttons of passenger lifts shall
.6 when unlocking the automatic lock of the trunk be placed inside the lift car and those of cargo lifts, on
doors (except that where fixed rigid shifters are used). the loading decks.
7.10.1.6 On immovable parts of manually operated 7.10.3.4 The interceptive call of the passenger lift
switches "on" and "off" positions shall be clearly marked. car in the loaded condition using the control units
7.10.1.7 For earthing of the lift car, one of the placed on the loading decks is permitted only in case
cable cores or bus duct lead shall be used. of simultaneous closing of the trunk and the car
It is recommended that carrying cable ropes or doors. In cargo lifts the interceptive call with the car
suspension ropes of the car shall be used as an moving in the loaded condition is not allowed.
additional earthing lead. 7.10.3.5 For inspection of the lift trunk and the
7.10.1.8 The metal guides of the car and counter- equipment therein, the possibility shall be provided to
weight, as well as the metal trunk enclosures shall be control the electric drive system from the roof of the
provided with reliable earthing connections with the lift car by means of a fixed or portable control panel.
ship's bull. In this case, the speed of car movement shall not
7.10.2 Electric drive. exceed the speed specified in 7.10.2.3. The bottom
7.10.2.1 The electric drive of the passenger lift shall unit shall be fitted with two control buttons for car
provide smooth starting of the car, uniform increase of movement (one for upward and the other for
acceleration, smooth braking and deceleration of car downward movement) with self-return to the "stop"
movement when approaching the entrance station as position. For general control of electrical equipment
well as precise stopping at the trunk doors. operation a unit with pushbuttons "up", "down" and
In this case, the maximum acceleration (decelera- "stop" shall be provided in the lift machinery space.
tion) of the car with the lift in operation (without The lifts with the rated speed of car movement
regard for ship's motions) shall not exceed 2 m/s 2 . 0,70 m/s and less shall be fitted for operation from
The maximum deceleration permitted with the the car roof with control devices to ensure the car
car being stopped by means of the "safety" button movement only in the downward direction where it is
(refer to 7.10.3.2) shall not exceed 3 m/s 2 . impossible to provide the speed not more than
7 Ship's Lifts 43

0,35 m/s by means of the electric drive. When the permitted on condition that a device indicating that
electric drive is operated from the car roof or from there is no passenger or cargo is provided;
the lift machinery space, if provided, all other control .2 opening of the car and trunk doors as well as
devices shall be interlocked or switched off auto- unlocking of the automatic locking device of the
matically. trunk doors shall stop the moving car, except where
7.10.3.6 Provision shall be made on the loading the automatic locking devices are unlocked by means
decks for a light signal (signal "loaded") to indicate of a rigid (fixed) shifter;
the car loading (if the car is fitted with a relevant load When the door is opened, the door contacts shall
control device), the car movement and the open interrupt the control circuit; working in closing the
position of the trunk door. The indicator may be circuit is prohibited;
mounted in the calling device or be placed adjacent .3 provision shall be made, in case of the multi-
thereto. panel trunk or car doors, for control of the closure of
7.10.3.7 The electric drive of the passenger lift each door panel.
shall be automatically isolated if an attempt is made 7.10.4.3 The limit switch of the main circuit may
to lift the load exceeding the safe working load of the not be used as the main switch referred to in 7.10.1.2.
lift car by 10 per cent. At the same time a visual or 7.10.4.4 Manual switches of control circuit shall
audible signal "overloaded" shall be operated. be positioned in the lift pit and under the trunk
7.10.3.8 Passenger lifts shall be provided with ceiling where the angle blocks are placed.
alarms operated from the inside of the lift car in the 7.10.4.5 Electrical interlocking of the manhole
event of failure of the lift (during an emergency stop cover on the car ceiling to prevent the car from
of the car between decks, when setting down on movement with the open cover shall be provided.
gripping devices, etc.). 7.10.5 Lighting.
The alarm circuit shall be independent of the power 7.10.5.1 Lift car, trunk, pit, machinery space and
and control circuits. Provision shall be made for feeding means of access to the lift and its landing platforms
the alarms from the emergency source of power supply shall be provided with stationary electrical lighting
of the ship. The telephone or any other two-way voice complying with the requirements of Section 6,
communication may be used instead of alarms. Part XI "Electrical Equipment" of the Rules for the
7.10.3.9 A special spanner shall be used for Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
operation of internal and external control switches 7.10.5.2 Power supply of the lift car lighting
placed outside the trunk and machinery space. circuit shall be provided by a separate feeder (from
7.10.3.10 The trunk pit shall be provided with an ship's lighting circuits) independent of the feeder of
alarm automatically operating when the permissible electric drive power supply.
level of water or other liquid in the pit is exceeded. 7.10.5.3 Provision shall be made for permanent
7.10.4 Safety devices. switching of the car lighting circuit when the trunk
7.10.4.1 Limit switches of car movement upwards doors are open or when the car of the passenger lift is
and downwards fitted in the control circuit, as well as loaded.
door and gripping device contacts shall be of a self- 7.10.5.4 Lighting fixtures shall be installed in the
return type and switch contact shall return to its lift car in such a manner as not to be in the way of
initial position only after the forced action is stopped. passengers and not to impede loading and unloading
7.10.4.2 All car and trunk doors shall be fitted of the car. They shall not be damaged when loading
with electrical contacts switched in the control circuit and unloading the car.
and meeting the following requirements: 7.10.5.5 The socket outlets for portable lighting
.1 starting and movement of the car shall be fixtures supplied by safe current shall be installed in
possible only when the trunk doors are closed and the pit and machinery space.
locked, and the car doors are closed. Starting and 7.10.5.6 Cars of the passenger lifts shall be
movement of the car with the trunk doors closed but provided with stationary emergency lighting comply-
not locked may be permitted for a distance of not ing with the requirements of 9.4, Part XI "Electrical
more than 150 mm from its stop level. Starting and Equipment" of the Rules for the Classification and
movement of the car with the open doors may be Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
44 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

8 SHIP'S ELEVATING PLATFORMS

8.1 GENERAL Where flexible supporting appliances are used (e.
g. wire ropes) and the level cannot be automatically
8.1.1 The requirements of this Section apply to maintained by means of suitable equalizing devices,
ship's elevating platforms with a safe working load of the platform shall be manually locked at the deck
1 ton and more and lifting and lowering speed not level before loading begins. Provision shall be made
more than 0,1 m/s, intended for vertical loading/ for visual indication of locking on the control panel.
unloading of cargoes and vehicles. Lifting and lowering shall be possible only after the
8.1.2 The design and location of ship's elevating platform has been automatically or manually un-
platforms shall be such as to ensure their safe locked.
maintenance and inspection. To prevent inadvertent operation it is recom-
8.1.3 The platforms designed for closing cargo mended that the control system be automated,
openings in weather decks and unprotected super- including use of computers.
structures shall be weathertight, having regard to the 8.1.11 When stowed for sea, the platform shall be
requirements of Section 7, Part III "Equipment, secured at the deck level and the drives shall be
Arrangements and Outfit" of the Rules for the disengaged. A visual signal shall operate at the
Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships. control stand. Ship's heel and trim shall not induce
8.1.4 It shall be ensured that the platform surface unlocking of the platform.
when the platform is moving up and down, as well as 8.1.12 The ship's elevating platform drive shall
during cargo handling operations (considering the provide smooth starting of the platform, uniform
ship's inclinations given in Table 8.2.2.1) is always in acceleration, smooth deceleration and slowing down
the plane parallel to the serviced cargo decks. of the platform movement towards the end of its travel
8.1.5 If one of the lifting mechanisms fails, the as well as accurate stopping at the required level.
rest of them shall ensure (structurally and function- 8.1.13 The ship's elevating platform drives
ally) interaction between the platform and guides. In located in the enclosed ship's spaces shall be designed
such emergency case, the driving units of the ship's with regard to the temperature range specified for
elevating platform shall stop automatically. these spaces.
With this in view, the platform shall be equipped 8.1.14 Hydraulic drives which provide reliable
with an emergency system for its controlled lowering protection of the platform against self-lowering in an
in the locked or supported position enabling it to be emergency need not be fitted with brakes.
safely unloaded. 8.1.15 The control stands of the ship's elevating
8.1.6 Where the platform is wire- or chain- platforms shall be so arranged and provided with
operated, it shall be provided with at least four such devices as to enable the operator to observe the
independent supporting appliances. entire travel of the platform (directly or with the help
Each wire or chain suspension shall be fitted with of signalmen). In no case shall the control stand be
a switch automatically stopping the drive in case of positioned at a lesser distance than 1500 mm from the
slacking or breaking of the supporting appliance. deck opening for the platform.
8.1.7 Wire ropes for the ship's elevating platforms 8.1.16 Switchgear of the control stand of the
may be used without an organic core. The rated breaking ship's elevating platforms shall be provided with
strength of wires shall be chosen as for running rigging. devices for self-return to zero position. Ship's
8.1.8 It is recommended that wire ropes for the inclinations shall not induce unintentional starting
ship's elevating platforms be subjected to pretension. of the ship's elevating platform drives. Emergency
The tensile load applied for not less than 30 min shall switches shall be located as indicated in 1.5.7.16.
be equal to 0,7 of the minimum breaking strength of 8.1.17 Where an elevating platform is controlled
wire ropes. from more than one control stand, provision shall be
8.1.9 During installation on board the ends of the made for use of only one control panel and
wire ropes of the ship's elevating platforms may be appropriate means of communication (e.g. telephone)
socketed in rope chucks. The rope connections shall shall be fitted.
be load tested according to 10.3.13. 8.1.18 On agreement with the Register, the ship's
8.1.10 The design and control system of the ship's elevating platform may be controlled from the
elevating platforms shall ensure that the platform platform.
remains at the level of the cargo deck during cargo 8.1.19 The control panels shall be provided with
handling operations. the following visual and audible signals:
8 Ship's Elevating Platforms 45

.1 actuation of any protection devices; strength and stability calculations for the ship's
.2 platform movement (flashing light); elevating platforms.
.3 open guards; 8.2.1.2 Raising and lowering of the platform with
.4 malfunction in an electric or hydraulic circuit. a speed not exceeding 0,1 m/s shall be taken as a
At the discretion of the shipowner, other signals design condition only when in port. During unload-
may be provided. ing the platform shall be secured at the deck level.
8.1.20 All control panels shall be provided with 8.2.1.3 The allowable load on the ship's elevating
suitable means to prevent them from use by platform shall correspond at least to the allowable
unauthorized persons. load imposed on the deck area with which the ship's
8.1.21 All controls and signals shall be provided elevating platform shall be integral when stowed for
with clear inscriptions in the Russian and English sea.
languages made by indelible letters or other equiva- 8.2.1.4 The calculations shall be made for the
lent method. most unfavourable cargo arrangement.
8.1.22 The ship's elevating platforms shall be 8.2.1.5 The platforms secured at the weather
provided with limit switches to secure the upper and decks and unprotected superstructures to act as
lower levels of the platform and with an overload covers for cargo openings shall be designed according
devices. Hydraulic drives shall be protected with safety to the requirements of Section 7, Part III "Equip-
valves, the working pressure of which shall not exceed ment, Arrangements and Outfit" of the Rules for the
1,1 of the maximum design pressure. Classification and Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
8.1.23 If the main lifting mechanism fails, the 8.2.2 Design loads.
safety devices shall stop the platform automatically. 8.2.2.1 Design loads for ship's elevating plat-
8.1.24 Deck openings for the platforms shall be forms are given in Table 8.2.2.1.
fitted with guard rails at least 1 m high. Movable 8.2.2.2 A p a r t from the loads given in
railings shall be equipped with an automatic interlock Table 8.2.2.1, the platform shall be designed to
controlled by the movement of the platform. Railings withstand axial loads with the area of tyre traces
and guard rails shall be painted with a didtinctive produced by vehicles taken into account.
colour and shall be well lit. The relevant loads and their arrangement are
8.1.25 If persons involved in cargo handling given in 3.2, Part II "Hull" of the Rules for
operations are conveyed on the platform not only in the Classification and Construction of Sea-Going
the driver's cabin but also directly on the platform, Ships.
provision shall be made at least on one of the 8.2.3 Allowable stresses, safety factors and stabi-
longitudinal sides of the platform for removable lity criterion.
guard rails and permanent marking containing an 8.2.3.1 The reduced stresses in metal structures
inscription to indicate areas intended for persons. and fixed gear of the ship's elevating platforms
The guard rails shall be at least 1 m high; railing induced by the loads referred to in 8.2.2, shall not
stanchions shall be spaced not more than 3 m apart. exceed the values given in Table 8.2.3.1.
The intermediate rail shall be arranged at a height of 8.2.3.2 The safety factor of hoisting machinery
not less than 0,5 m. (wire ropes, chains, etc.) subjected to breaking stress
8.1.26 Access of unauthorized persons to the space shall be not less than 5.
beneath the platform operated by a lever-pull system, In case of loading 2.3 according to Table 8.2.2.1,
spindles, etc. shall be prevented. Counterweights shall the necessary strength factor relating to breaking may
move in closed trunks. The danger areas due to the be taken by 50 per cent less than values required in
movement of the platform shall be suitably safeguarded normal cases.
with distinctive paint work and warning lamps. 8.2.3.3 In stability calculations of ship's elevating
platform components the requirements of 2.3.9 to
2.3.11 shall be met.
8.2 CALCULATION
8.2.3.4 Under normal loading conditions (refer to
1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3) according to Table 8.2.2.1, the
platform deflections shall not exceed L/250 (where L
8.2.1 General. is either the length between supports or the length
8.2.1.1 Unless expressly provided otherwise, between unsupported parts of the platform). Deflec-
appropriate general and special requirements for tions of the platforms which shall provide weath-
cargo handling gear, particularly for cranes, set forth ertightness when stowed for sea shall not exceed
in Sections 2 and 5, shall be taken into account in 0,0056 of a span.
46 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

T a b l e 8.2.2.1
Loading condition Case of Operating condition Design loads Notes
loading
Cargo handling operations 1.1 The platform is Weight of platform proper, cargo weight The hoisting machinery
(loading and unloading) secured at the deck level equal to the safe working load is unloaded; safety
(unfavourable arrangement), static loads s y s t e m s do n o t
due to ship's inclinations (heel 5°, trim 2°), transmit bending and
dynamic loads due to vehicles loading moment and torque
1.2 The p l a t f o r m is Similar to case of loading 1.1
supported by the
hoisting machinery
Lifting and lowering 2.1 Reduced load Weight of the platform proper and cargo On agreement with the
weight equal to the safe working load are Register dynamic loads
distributed uniformly over the platform, due to starting and
static loads due to ship's inclinations braking need not be
(heel 5°, trim 2°), dynamic loads due to taken into account
starting and braking
2.2 Maximum operating Weight of the platform proper, cargo weight
load under the most equal to the safe working load, static loads
unfavourable cargo due to ship's inclinations (heel 5°, trim 2°),
arrangement dynamic loads due to starting and braking

2.3 Failure of the hoisting Weight of the platform proper, cargo weight The rest of the hoisting
machinery equal to the safe working load, static loads machinery shall be so
due to ship's inclinations (heel 5°, trim 2°),
designed as to withstand
dynamic loads due to hoisting machinery additional loads and to
failure be suitable for further
operation
The platform is stowed 3 The platform is locked Weight of the platform proper and cargo See Note to case of
for sea with tight closing weight equal to the safe working load, loading 1.1
forces due to lashings, inertial loads due to
ship's motions

T a b l e 8.2.3.1
Loading condition Allowable reduced stress, not more
than acc.
to Table 8.2.2.1 in members and in plating
components
1.1 0,7ZU 0,75ZU
1.2 0,75^
2.1 0,75^
2.2 0,SReH 0,85ZU
2.3 0,WW 0,95ZU
3 0,7iW 0,75^
N o t e . ReH-- the upper yield stress of the material used.
9 Gear and Ropes 41

9 GEAR AND ROPES

9.1 GENERAL It is recommended that a brass washer be placed
under the bearing surface of the eye plate.
9.1.1 Mating of the parts in movable joints shall When the derrick is at the smallest angle to the
be provide proper fitting of the bearing surfaces with horizontal, the force in the eye of the eye plate shall
minimum radial and axial clearances permissible in be directed across the pin axis in the upper half of the
service. distance between the bearings.
9.1.2 Threaded connections of the parts shall 9.2.9 Eye plates for attachment of the standing
meet the recognized standards. rigging, slewing guy units, preventer guys, span chains,
snatch blocks, etc., to the ship's hull and metal
structures of the cargo handling gear, shall have such
9.2 FIXED GEAR
strength that will be adequate to their loads and be
shaped so as to fit the gear items attached thereto.
9.2.1 Fixed gear shall be so attached to the metal Eye plates shall be fitted so that the maximum
framework as to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity of the eye plates and the direction of the
adequate distribution of forces applied. standing rigging ropes are in one plane; where the
9.2.2 The tubular mast shall be encompassed by direction of the ropes is variable, the plane of the
the derrick heel bearing and the span eye plate by at maximum rigidity of the eye plates shall correspond
least 40° counting from the axis of the bearing. For to the central direction of the rope.
the step bearings the reach of compass in the lower The thickness of the plate with the welded-on eye
part may be reduced but to not less than 30°. For the shall be not less than 1/3 of the eye plate thickness
masts other than tubular ones the reach of compass and in all cases shall not be less than 5 mm. Stiffeners
shall be equivalent to their profile. shall be generally positioned along the eye plate.
Where smaller angles of compass are used, the
mast shall be reinforced by thicker walls or internal
stiffeners.
9.2.3 Eye plates for fastening a cargo block and a 9.3 INTERCHANGEABLE COMPONENTS
span as well as those for guy units and preventer guys
shall be passed through the derrick head and be 9.3.1 Cargo hooks and shackles shall be forged.
welded on both sides along the perimeter. Use of plate-like hooks and shackles shall be subject
Eye plates for slewing guy units of the light-lift to special consideration by the Register in each
derricks may not be passed through the derrick head case.
if they are welded both to the derrick and to cargo The hooks of ship's cranes and derricks used in
eye plate. cargo handling operations shall be so designed as to
9.2.4 Derrick heel fittings may be forged, cast or prevent any possibility of slipping off slings or
welded. catching the projected structures while lifting the
Derrick heel pins shall be provided with nuts and load (such devices may be safety latches). Cargo
cotter pins; the stress-bearing portion of the pin thread hooks, shackles and their tackle shall not have any
shall take not more than 1/3 of the lug thickness. protruding parts and sharp edges.
9.2.5 Goosenecks shall be safeguarded against For heavy-lift derricks and cranes with safe
slipping out of the bearings or step bearings. working load of 10 t and more, ramshom hooks
9.2.6 Lead block straps shall be made in one may be used, which shall meet the requirements for
piece, except the check plates that may be welded on cargo hooks of standard design. On agreement with
the strap. the Register, ramshom hooks for floating cranes and
9.2.7 Derrick heel bearings may be either welded cargo handling gear installed in the vessels of
or cast. The gooseneck step bearing shall be provided dredging fleet need not be specially designed for
with a drain hole. protection against slipping off slings or catching the
9.2.8 The span eye plate and the bearing may be projected structures.
forged, cast or welded. Eye plates of a shackle type 9.3.2 Swivels of cargo hooks and blocks shall be
shall be forged only. forged. The nut of the swivel shall be efficiently
The pin shall be secured against slipping out of secured against turning on the thread.
the bearing and against turning in the bearing or eye The swivel shall be fitted with ball bearings or
plate of the shackle type. roller bearings that can be regularly lubricated.
48 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

9.3.3 The shackles shall be forged, straight minimum clearance enabling shackles to move easily;
("Dee" shackles), with pins that are screwed into symmetrically welded reinforcing pads may be used.
the eye plates or secured with nuts. Pins or nuts shall 9.3.6 Forged eye ends and screwed forks shall be
be adequately fixed. "Dee" shackles shall be used for forged integral with the rigging screws; use of rigging
straight pull applications. screws with hooks is not allowed. The design of the
Club shackles may be used as cargo shackles and rigging screws shall ensure the efficient stopping of
also as shackles for the natural and synthetic fibre ropes tightened screws.
where a number of slings pull at different angles. Fastening of screwed forks with efficient stopping
Pendant shackles for securing components in the shall be specially considered by the Register in each case.
cargo suspension system (hooks, counterweights, 9.3.7 Thimbles shall be made of steel by smith
triangular bars and chains) shall have pins with forging or punching. Use of cast thimbles shall be
half-countersunk heads without nuts. specially considered by the Register in each case.
The shackles shall be so arranged as to ensure the The shape of thimbles shall be such that the
correct fitting of pins and to prevent twisting of the internal length and width are 6 and 4 times the
rope. diameter of the rope, respectively. The thickness of
9.3.4 Blocks shall be made so that the rope will the metal at the bottom of the throat shall be
not be jammed between the block cheek plates and 0,4 times the rope diameter.
the sheave. It is allowed to supply shackles and thimbles
Axles of sheaves shall be reliably stopped against manufactured in compliance with the national and
turning and axial displacement. international standards recognized by the Register.
Where bushed plain bearings are used, the block 9.3.8 Chains used in cargo handling gear, where not
sheaves shall be provided with bushes made of anti- covered by the special requirements of these Rules, shall
friction materials (e.g. bronze). comply with the appropriate general requirements of 3.6,
The eyes and lugs of the blocks shall be forged Part XIII "Materials" of the Rules for the Classification
integral with the latter; nuts of swivels shall be and Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
securely stopped. Blocks with open hooks shall not Resistance welded chains or forged welded chains
be used in cargo handling gear. shall be used in cargo handling gear.
Fastening of screwed forks with efficient stop- Short link chains with terminal links for attach-
ping shall be specially considered by the Register in ment (pitched chains when used on sprocket wheels)
each case. shall be used as cargo chains.
The diameter of sheaves for wire ropes measured Span chains and chains used with preventer guys
in the bottom of the groove shall not be less than in union purchase rig shall be long-link chains.
14 times the rope diameter for the ropes movable 9.3.9 Use of connecting links (of anchor chain
under load, and at least 9 times the rope diameter for link type) in cargo handling gear for fastening the
the ropes immovable under load. ropes and chains to the metal structures and
The diameter of the sheaves intended for use with components shall be specially considered by the
natural or synthetic fibre ropes shall not be less than Register in each case.
5,5 times the diameter of the rope. Connecting links shall be forged. The joint design
The groove shall be so shaped as to accept the shall provide efficient connection of the both halves
rope tightly and without jamming. of link and efficient stopping to prevent their
The diameter of the sheave and the shape of the spontaneous disconnection.
groove shall be chosen on the basis of the diameter of The link installation shall provide their free
the rope with the least design tensile strength of wires. movement in the holes of the components to be
The depth of the sheaves grooves generally shall connected and prevent the link operation with
be equal to the rope diameter and in any case it shall cocking.
be not less than 3/4 of the rope diameter.
The groove bottom shall have a circular contour
forming a segment with an angle of at least 120°. The
radius of the groove shall exceed the rope radius by at 9.4 LOOSE GEAR
least 10 per cent.
A block shall generally not be fitted with more 9.4.1 Loose gear (cargo-gripping devices) shall meet
than three sheaves and a becket, or four sheaves if the the requirements of 1.5, 5.3, 9.1 to 9.3 and 9.5.
block has no becket. 9.4.2 Having regard to a wind load and ship's
9.3.5 The triangular and multi-angular plates used inclinations, container spreaders shall be designed so
for connection of ropes or chains shall be so thick as to that they can be placed in any position required to
suit the shackles secured thereto and to leave a grip and place containers by changing a rope length
9 Gear and Ropes 49

of the cargo handling gear or using special guiding three times the width of webbing up to 150 mm
devices integral with the spreaders (e.g. turning wide;
device). two-and-a-half times the width of webbing, for
9.4.3 Simultaneous engagement of twistlocks widths greater than 150 mm.
shall be structurally ensured. Round slings shall not be used for cargo
9.4.4 Provision shall be made for efficient handling.
securing of the extensible girders of telescopic
spreaders in the appropriate operating positions.
9.4.5 Centre of gravity correctors shall be efficient 9.5 ROPES
at least for the longitudinal axis of the container.
9.4.6 Devices shall be provided to reduce swing-
ing and to prevent uncontrollable turning of sprea- 9.5.1 Ropes used in cargo handling gear, where
ders the suspension type of which does not prevent not covered by the specific requirements of the
such motions. present Rules, shall comply with the appropriate
9.4.7 Efficient entering of twistlocks in the comer requirements of 3.15 and 6.6, Part XIII "Materials"
fittings of the container when mechanically operated of the Rules for the Classification and Construction
shall be controlled by a contact sensor. of Sea-Going Ships.
Twistlocks are engaged or disengaged by asso- The minimum breaking load of the rope certified
ciated limit switches. Light indication of the twistlock by the manufacturer shall be stated in the RS
position shall be provided on the control station of certificates and manufacturer's certificates for ropes.
the cargo handling gear. 9.5.2 For running rigging wire ropes with one
9.4.8 Wire ropes for slings shall be manufactured organic core shall be used, the number of wires being
to a recognized national and international standards not less than 114. Use of ropes with more than one
and comply with the requirements of 3.15 and 6.6, organic core is subject to special consideration by the
Part XIII "Materials" of the Rules for the Classifica- Register. It is recommended that ropes with the
tion and Construction of Sea-Going Ships. design tensile strength from 1275 to 1770 MPa with a
Wire rope slings may be endless, i.e. formed by diameter of wires in external strands of not less than
jointing two ends of the rope, or have a variety of 0,6 mm be used.
terminations and splices. Ropes with steel cores may be used on agreement
Wire rope slings endless or with hand-spliced or with the Register. In this case, the purpose for which
mechanically secured eyes (with aluminium or steel the rope is intended and operation mode of the cargo-
ferrules), as well as with rope sockets used as a handling gear shall be taken into account. The
terminal fitting shall be manufactured to a recognized relationship of sheave and drum diameters shall be
national or international standard and supplied as big as possible but not less than 18.
together with the PS certificates and manufacturer's 9.5.3 For standing rigging steel wire ropes with a
certificates for wire ropes showing the minimum metal or organic cores may be used with a diameter
breaking load of the original rope before its of wires in external strands of not less than 1,0 mm,
termination or eye were made. the number of wires being not less than 42.
Bolted clamps shall not be used to form a It is recommended that ropes with a design
terminal join. tensile strength from 1275 to 1670 MPa (smaller
Wire rope slings with ferrule secured eyes shall be values are preferable) be used.
subjected to a proof load test in accordance with 9.5.4 The wires of running and standing rigging
10.2.1 using straight pull. shall be made of a continuous zinc-coated wire
9.4.9 Synthetic fibre webbing slings for general without knots and splices in accordance with
use shall be at least 35 mm and not more than recognized standards.
300 mm wide. Specially designed slings may be 9.5.5 Natural fibre ropes (manila, sisal, hemp)
wider. and synthetic fibre ropes may be used only for falls of
Webbing slings shall be manufactured to recog- the slewing guy tackles of light-lift derricks, inboard
nized international or national standards. preventer guys or schooner guys in union purchase
Webbing slings can be manufactured endless or rig, and for handoperated cargo handling gear.
with soft eyes. The eyes may be fitted with reinforcing The diameter of the natural or synthetic fibre
at point-of-hook contact. ropes shall be not less than 20 mm. The force at the
Wear sleeves may be fitted to reduce damage to fall running end pulled by hand shall be not more
the main body of the slings. than 310 N.
The minimum length of a soft eye measured Use of synthetic fibre ropes shall be subject to
internally when the webbing is laid flat shall be: special consideration by the Register in each case.
50 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

9.5.6 A wire rope shall be properly terminated. Rope sockets and pressed clamps manufactured
Bolted clamps shall not be used to form a to a national and international standard recognized
terminal join in any hoist rope, span rope, guys of by the Register may be supplied.
a ship's derrick or crane.
10 Examinations, Inspections and Testing 51

10 EXAMINATIONS, INSPECTIONS AND TESTING

10.1 GENERAL Testing and examinations of cargo handling gear
during the initial survey shall be carried out as
10.1.1 Examinations, inspections and testing are specified in 10.3.
carried out in order to ascertain that the cargo Where Certificates issued by other classification
handling gear is in conformity with the requirements societies (refer to 11.1.4) on testing of interchange-
of the present Rules and is fit for safe use. able components and loose gear, and ropes are
10.1.2 The shipowner or the manufacturer has to available, repeated testing will not be needed,
submit the cargo handling gear for examinations and provided the proof loads applied conform to the
testing in the cases and at the intervals specified by requirements of 10.2.1.
the present Rules and to carry out all necessary 10.1.9 Proof loads used in tests shall be specially
preparations and tests. intended for this purpose and have a mass confirmed
10.1.3 Examinations and supervision of tests of by an appropriate document. The mass of cast ingots
the cargo handling gear, their machinery and gear and as far as practicable of other loads shall be
after they have been built, re-rigged or repaired shall determined using a scales. If it is not possible, the
be carried out by a Surveyor to the Register upon mass shall be calculated.
submission of the documents certifying the readiness
for use and final acceptance by the manufacturer.
10.1.4 When a cargo handling gear is examined by 10.2 TESTING OF INTERCHANGEABLE COMPONENTS
a Surveyor to the Register, the ship's officers shall AND LOOSE GEAR
inform him of all the defects found as also of
alterations made or repairs and replacement of parts 10.2.1 All newly manufactured items of interchange-
and ropes that have been done since the previous able components and loose gear, as well as terminal
examination. fittings, such as hand-spliced or mechanically secured
10.1.5 In case of an accident with the cargo eyes (with aluminium or steel ferrules), or with rope
handling gear in service, the ship's officers or the sockets or pressed clamps (bushes), of cargo handling
shipowner shall provide for a timely examination of the gear shall be tested by a proof load as specified in
cargo handling gear by a Surveyor to the Register. Table 10.2.1 in the presence of a competent person.
10.1.6 If examinations, inspections or testing Tests shall be carried out using an adequately
reveals that the cargo handling gear, its metal calibrated machine or by suspending a load of a
structures, machinery and gear do not conform to certain weight. The guaranteed accuracy of testing
the present Rules or are not fit for safe use, the machines shall be within + 2 per cent.
Register documents will not be issued for the cargo The proof load is applied statically, the period of
handling gear or its elements; certificates for the cargo the proof load application being not less than 5 min.
handling gear which are in service become invalid until As far as practicable, all items shall be submitted
the appliances are brought into conformity with the for tests and examinations protected by anti-corro-
Rules or until the defects are eliminated. sive coating but not painted.
10.1.7 Certificates issued by the Register for the In case items of cargo handling gear have a very
cargo handling gear become invalid in case the high SWL or a size which make use of testing machines
certificates on testing or thorough examination impracticable, tests shall be carried out by suspension
required by the Rules are not available or an entry of the items to an appropriate structure or a cargo
on timely performance of periodical examinations handling gear and application of a proof load thereto.
has not been made or the cargo handling gear 10.2.2 Several interchangeable components may
does not comply with its certificates or after an be tested together, provided they are connected in a
accident. manner as they will operate under actual conditions.
10.1.8 For the initial survey of the cargo handling In this case, provision shall be made for application
gear constructed under the rules of other classifica- to each component of a proof load which corre-
tion societies, the shipowner shall submit the sponds to its SWL.
plans and calculations as referred to in 1.4.6, and 10.2.3 After testing all components shall be
also the certificates issued by classification societies thoroughly examined by a competent person to make
or by the manufacturer and certifying that the sure that no defects or permanent deformations are
cargo handling gear has been tested and accepted left. Blocks shall be dismantled for inspection of axles
for use. and sheaves.
52 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

T a b l e 10.2.1
Load corresponding Proof load,
Nos. Interchangeable components and loose gear to safe working load t
SWL, t
1 Chains, swivels, shackles, hooks, rings, links, as SWT, ^25 IxSWL
well as terminal fittings on ropes, such as thimble SWL> 25 (1,22 x SWT,) + 20
splices, rope sockets or pressed clamps (bushes),
2 etc. SWL Ax SWL
Single-sheaved blocks with the inner end of the rape
3 not attached to the block SWL 6xSWL
Single-sheaved blocks with the inner end of the
4 rope attached to the block SWT, ^25 2xSWL
Multi-sheaved blocks 25 <SWL^ 160 (0,933 x SWL) + 27
SWL> 160 1,1 x SWL
5 SWT.^10 2xSWL
Loose gear (slings, lifting beams, frames and 10 < SWT.^160 (1,04 x SWT.) + 9,6
container spreaders, etc.) SWL> 160 1,1 x SWT,

Upon satisfactory results of tests and examinations, without end sockets additionally by certificates
a Certificate according to form 5.1.4 shall be issued and according to forms 5.1.4 and 5.1.5.
an entry shall be made in Part II of the Register of If tests have been supervised by a competent
Ship's Lifting Appliances and Cargo Handling Gear. If person, certificates according to form 5.1.4 for chains
the tests have been supervised by a competent person, and form 5.1.5 for wire ropes are issued by a
the Certificate according to form 5.1.4 shall be issued Surveyor to the Register on the basis of the
by the Surveyor to the Register on the basis of the Certificate signed by the competent person.
Certificate issued in accordance with 11.1.3 and signed Slings with crate clamps, barrel hooks, plate clamps
by the competent person. or other similar devices shall be tested as nearly as
Stamping of the tested items of loose gear shall be possible in the manner in which they are used, i.e. at the
carried out as described in 11.2.1. angle at which the clamp or other device is designed to
10.2.4 After proof load testing container sprea- be used. The clamp or other devices shall be applied to
ders shall be additionally subjected to functional tests a baulk of timber or special steel jig such that its
depending on the operating conditions. holding or gripping strength is tested.
Lifting beams for heavy loads with a high cargo- 10.2.7 Double hooks shall be tested by a proof
carrying capacity relating to certain cargo handling load in accordance with Fig. 10.2.7. The tests may be
gear are considered to be tested, provided they have conducted as one operation (Fig. 10.2.7(a)) or two
been tested complete with the cargo handling gear. operations (Fig. 10.2.7(6)).
The proof load on a suspended beam or frame 10.2.8 Forked blocks shall be tested by suspending
shall be applied in such a way that it will impose the a proof load as shown in Fig. 10.2.8(a) for single-
maximum stress in the beam or frame. All fittings sheaved blocks without a lug, in Fig. 10.2.8(6) for
such as hooks, links, rings and chains shall be tested single-sheaved block with a lug, and in Fig. 10.2.8(c)
independently before being fitted to the beam. for multiple blocks where n is the number of ropes.
10.2.5 After repairs items shall be re-tested and A pulley block shall, whenever possible, be tested
re-examined by a competent person as specified in with its sheaves reeved, the end of the rope being
10.2.1. The stamp shall be renewed after the repeated properly anchored to the becket of the block.
tests if it is not retained after repair. 10.2.9 The prototype specimens of standardized
10.2.6 Tests of wire, natural and synthetic fibre interchangeable gear being as well as interchangeable
ropes and chains shall be carried out in accordance components, the manufacture of which is being
with the requirements of 3.15, 6.6 and 7.1, Part XIII mastered at the manufacturer's, shall be tested by
"Materials" of the Rules for the Classification and an ultimate load equal to a double proof load
Construction of Sea-Going Ships. referred to in 10.2.1; the Register may require that
Sockets and pressed clamps used to restrain the similar tests be carried out also for the prototype
ends of wire ropes and preventer guy thimble with specimens of fixed gear. On agreement with the
pressed bushes shall be tested together with the ropes Register loose gear having a high safe working load
after socketing. (100 t and over) may not be tested by an ultimate
The tests shall be confirmed by a manufacturer's load if their adequate strength is proved by calcula-
Certificate, and for chains and wire ropes with/ tions and results of proof load tests.
 Proof load Proof load Proof load
Fig. 10.2.8
The Register may require periodical quality 10.2.11 Upon completion of tests, the loose gear
control of the manufactured interchangeable compo- and ropes shall be thoroughly examined by a
nents by testing them with an ultimate load; the competent person.
number of components out of the batch to be tested 10.2.12 All the appliances for the personnel
shall be agreed upon with the Register. convey shall be subjected to tests witnessed by a
A component is considered as successfully tested competent person and to surveys to make sure that
if it remains unbroken after application of the no defects, damage or residual deformations are left.
ultimate load. If required by the Surveyor to the The tests include lifting and holding for 10 min a load
Register, the testing shall be continued until the located at the bottom/on the floor of the appliance
component is broken. for the personnel convey, which mass is twice greater
The components tested with an ultimate load than the lilting capacity of the appliance.
shall not be used in service or repaired.
Testing with an ultimate load shall be performed
by the manufacturer in the mandatory presence 10.3 TESTING AND EXAMINATIONS
of the Surveyor to the Register. The results of testing OF MOUNTED CARGO HANDLING GEAR
shall be shown in the manufacturer's Test Report
and to be confirmed by the Surveyor to the 10.3.1 The assembled cranes, winches and reels
Register. shall be tested and examined by a competent person
10.2.10 Own masses of prototypes or individual at the manufacturer's in accordance with the testing
non-series products of loose gear shall be determined programme approved by the Register, using the
by weighing. proof loads given in Table 10.3.4
54 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

The tests and examinations shall be proved by the the remarks and/or upon fulfilling the requirements
Certificate issued by the Register or by the manufac- set forward by the Surveyor after the proof load tests
turer's Certificate signed by a competent person. have been carried out), use of securely fixed spring or
Marking and stamping of the tested cranes, hydraulic dynamometers instead of proof load is
winches and reels shall be done as specified in 11.2. allowed during periodic surveys, if specially agreed
Gear and assemblies subject to loading shall be upon with the Register. The dynamometers may be
thermally insulated and painted after testing and used, provided that the rigging allows to subject the
examination. particular item to the same stresses (to be determined
10.3.2 Prior to testing and examination of the by calculation) as if the cargo handling gear had been
cargo handling gear upon installation on board the tested by a proof load and the SWL of the cargo
ship, the following documents shall be presented to handling gear had not exceeded 15 t.
the Surveyor: appropriate certificates signed by a The dynamometers shall be calibrated with an
competent person; manufacturer's reports proving accuracy within + 2 per cent. During the tests their
that the cargo handling gear is in conformity with the readings shall remain constant for at least five
technical documentation approved by the Register, minutes.
reports on quality control of works and quality of Where, owing to pressure limitations, the hy-
welded joints, certificates for materials and products, draulically operated hoisting machinery fails to hoist
and heat treatment. the proof load as specified in Table 10.3.4, it is
In case of structural alterations in cargo handling sufficient to hoist the greatest possible load at the
gear as a result of re-rigging or repairs, the scope of the maximum permissible hydraulic pressure if the
technical documentation to be submitted shall be in testing of the hoisting machinery with a proof load
accordance with structural alterations made. at the manufacturer's is proved by the Certificate. In
For testing and inspection of cargo handling gear this case, at the manufacturer's the assembled cranes
in service that have not been re-rigged, replaced or may be tested with a proof load by suspension of a
repaired, the scope of the technical documentation to load on the hoisted hook by means of another cargo
be submitted shall be as specified in 11.1. handling gear.
10.3.3 Cargo handling gear shall be submitted for If the winch pull is not sufficient to hoist the
tests in the fixed-up state. proof load, the latter is allowed to be hoisted by
Prior to testing, they shall be thoroughly another winch; however, braking and keeping the
examined by a responsible representative of the proof load in suspension shall be done by the winch
manufacturer who has been involved in installation to be tested.
of the cargo handling gear on board or by another If the rigging of the heavy-lift derrick includes the
person who is responsible for performance of the detachable stays and shrouds, these shall be fitted
tests. The cargo handling gear may be submitted for when the derrick is tested.
testing, provided no defects have been found during Collapsible derricks shall be tested with a proof
the examination that may affect the safety of the load on every prop with which they are normally
tests. used.
10.3.4 Upon installation on board and prior to being Where stationary derricks are intended for
taken into use, all cranes, hoists and derricks with their operation at two hatches, they shall be tested in the
winches and all the accessories shall be tested with a operating position at each hatch separately. The
proof load the weight of which shall not be less than the derricks with two eye plates shall be tested with a
figure determined from Table 10.3.4 depending on the proof load on each plate.
SWL and shall not exceed it by more than 2,5 per cent. The proof load shall be hoisted with the derrick
T a b l e 10.3.4 booms inclined at an angle of 15° to the horizontal
SWL, t Proof load for the light-lift derricks and 25° for the heavy-lift
derricks; where the angles in service exceed the above
Under 20 1,25 x SWL values, the actual angles shall be used in tests.
20 to 50 SWL+ 5 T Derrick cranes shall be tested with a proof load at
Over 50 1,1 x SWL the maximum angles allowable in service.
Inclination angles of derrick booms shall be
stated in the Certificate, Form 5.1.2 (see also 11.2.12).
The tests during the initial and periodical surveys For derrick cranes and cranes with a variable jib
shall be carried out with a proof load only. Between radius and constant safe working load the proof load
the periodical tests conducted after replacement or shall be hoisted at the maximum and minimum radii
repair of any load bearing item and in case where a of the jib; where the safe working load of the crane
need in additional test arises (e.g. upon closing out varies with the jib radii, the proof load shall be
10 Examinations, Inspections and Testing 55

hoisted at the maximum and minimum jib radii for reasons, on agreement with the Register it may be
each particular safe working load. tested on a specially equipped bench outside these
The crane jib radii shall be stated in the spaces.
Certificate, form 5.1.2. In case of a variable jib Monorails shall be tested on board ship by means
radius, the radius shall be also marked on the crane. of a dynamometer with application of a proof load at
After the proof load has been hoisted, it shall be different points along the monorail length. After
swung to the extreme positions in both directions by mounting on board, operation of the hoist shall be
slewing the derrick or the crane and or by moving the checked without load.
crane (hoist, crab). Eyes for cargo handling operations in the above
Operation of the brakes of the derrick and crane or other spaces shall be tested by a proof load equal
cargo winches shall be tested by quick lowering of the to twice allowable working load for each eye plate.
load, the weight of which is equal to the SWL, for Dynamometer may be used for testing on agreement
about 3 m and its sharp braking. The test shall be with the Register.
carried for at least two positions of the derrick. Upon satisfactory results of tests and examina-
Keeping the proof load in suspension with the tions of ship's derricks, ship's cranes and hoists, a
winch drive disconnected as well as manual release of Certificate according to Form 5.1.2 shall be issued
the brakes shall also be tested. and an entry shall be made in Part I of the Register of
For heavy-lift derricks the derrick boom radius Ship's Lifting Appliances and Cargo Handling Gear.
shall be varied under the proof load and functioning 10.3.7 The derricks rigged in union purchase shall
of the span winch brake shall be checked. be tested with a proof load, each derrick separately,
The test shall also include a functional check of as specified in 10.3.4. In addition, the derricks rigged
the emergency switches and interlocking of the cargo in union purchase shall be tested with a load equal to
winches, and span rope and preventer guys reels with 1,25 of the safe working load in union purchase.
an independent drive. Derricks used in union purchase shall be tested in
Where the derrick is fitted with a span winch, the accordance with the ship's rigging plan. The proof
winch shall be tested with the derrick it serves and load shall be maneuvered throughout the working
each sprocket shall be subjected to load. range of the union purchase and raised to such a
Upon completion of tests with the proof load, height that the angle between the two hoist ropes is as
each winch serving the derrick shall be tested with its near as possible to 120° at some position of the
safe working load suspended and the derrick placed working range.
in various positions, such that each winch has the If the derricks are rigged in different ways, those
maximum working length of rope layered on its positions shall be subjected to testing that are likely
drum. to exert the greatest stresses in the preventer guys.
When a gantry crane is tested on board ship, the If the stress in one of the components of the
proof load shall be slowly traversed along the entire union purchase rig (for example, axial thrust down
length of the track with the proof load so far as the boom) exceeds the stress occurring in case of a
possible on one side, and then again with the proof single derrick rig (refer to 4.2.7), an additional test
load as far as possible on the other side. shall be carried out with the booms in such a position
10.3.5 After testing with a proof load, the cranes that the component in question is tested under
shall be tested with a load equal to the safe working conditions similar to those assumed in calculations.
load with the hoisting, slewing, luffing and travelling The positions of booms for testing the derricks
motion machinery operating in the maximum speed rigged in union purchase shall be chosen on the basis
duty; the slewing, luffing and travelling motion of the calculation analysis; therefore, such selection
brakes shall be tested by a sharp braking. shall be done in the course of design and be included
The limit switches and the jib radius indicators in the testing programme.
are also to be checked during the test. During the test, means allowing to control the
If hoisting, luffing, slewing and travelling mo- included angle between the cargo runners and the
tions of the crane are combined, then operation of the adjustment of derricks and preventer guys shall be
crane shall be tested for each allowable combination. checked.
If a crane is provided with SWL limiters, their After testing, all the equipment, machinery and
functioning shall be tested by hoisting the ultimate gear of the derricks rigged in union purchase shall be
load referred to in 5.5.3. submitted to the Register for thorough examination
Derrick cranes shall be tested in a similar way. to ascertain the absence of defects or permanent
10.3.6 Where testing of a hoist located in the deformations.
machinery space, shaft alley and other similar closed Upon satisfactory results of tests and examina-
spaces is difficult owing to structural or technological tions, a Certificate according to form 5.1.3 shall be
56 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

issued and an entry shall be made in Part I of the Gripping devices may be tested by another
Register of Ship's Lifting Appliances and Cargo efficient method approved by the Register.
Handling Gear. 10.3.12 After testing by a proof load the lift shall be
10.3.8 The static tests of the ship's lifts shall be functionally tested by a load equal to its safe working
carried out to check the strength of the lift load. As this takes place, control and signalling systems,
machinery, car, wire ropes and their attachments as door contacts, limit switches and other safety devices
well as operation of the brakes. For a lift fitted with a are checked. The efficiency of lift operation shall be also
traction winch the lack of wire slipping in the grooves checked during sea trials of the ship.
of the traction sheave shall be checked during the Upon satisfactory results of tests and examina-
static test. tions of the shift lifts, a Certificate according to
The following proof loads shall be applied during form 5.1.6 shall be issued and an entry shall be made
a static test: in Part I of the Register of Ship's Lifting Appliances
Pst = l,5P for cargo lifts with a drum winch; and Cargo Handling Gear.
Pst = 2P for all types of passenger lifts and for 10.3.13 The ship's elevating platforms shall be
cargo lifts with a traction winch statically tested with a proof load equal to 1,25 of the
where P is safe working load of the lift.
safe working load.
The dynamic tests of ship's elevating platforms
In the course of the static test the car shall be shall be carried out with a proof load equal to
kept in the lowest operating position with the above 1,1 times the safe working load according to the
load applied for at least 10 min. applicable requirements of this Chapter.
The static test of the lift with a traction winch 10.3.14 After testing with a proof load a ship's
may be substituted by a thrice repeated downward elevating platform shall be functionally tested by a
movement of the laden car with a load exceeding the load equal to its safe working load depending on the
safe working load of the lift by 50 per cent. operating conditions.
10.3.9 Dynamic tests shall be carried out to check The functional test shall include several full
the operation of the lift machinery, brake, gripping transport operations depending on the operating
devices and buffers. The proof load applied for the conditions (with trailers and tractors or similar vehicles
dynamic test shall be equal to: loaded on the platform). Having regard to 8.2.3.4,
platform deflections shall be measured and breaking of
Pdyn = 1>1-P one of the supporting appliances. All safety devices,
securing devices for hatchway covers and locking
where P is safe working load of the lift. devices to hold the platform at the deck level shall be
When testing the gripping devices for smooth carefully checked. If the platform is not provided with
braking and hydraulic buffers, the effect of the winch locking devices at the level of working decks during
brake shall be disregarded. cargo handling operations, the maximum clearance
10.3.10 The operation of winch, brake and between the platform and deck shall not exceed 20 mm.
buffers shall be checked at the rated speed. When Upon satisfactory results of tests and examina-
buffers are tested, the switches of the upper and tions, a Certificate according to form 5.1.2 shall be
ground floors shall be isolated. Testing of gripping issued and an entry shall be made in Part I of the
devices and buffers shall be carried out with the brake Register of Ship's Lifting Appliances and Cargo
released. If a spring failure or seizing of plunger Handling Gear.
occurs during the buffer testing, the test results are 10.3.15 After testing the assembled cargo hand-
considered unsatisfactory. ling gear, its metal structures, machinery, equipment
10.3.11 Testing of gripping devices tripped by the and safety devices, gear and ropes of the cargo
overspeed governors is carried out at the rated speed handling gear shall be submitted to the Register for
of the lift movement. thorough examination to ascertain the absence of
When gripping devices are not tripped by the defects or permanent deformations.
overspeed governors, the car (counterweight) at its If any defects are found in the process of the
lowest level is placed on the support or suspended to examination, that may endanger the safe use of the
the auxiliary rope. The suspension ropes are paid out cargo handling appliance, the defective items or
after which the support is removed (the auxiliary rope assemblies shall be either replaced or repaired and
is cut out). The way travelled by the car (counter- the test shall then be repeated.
weight) in free fall from the starting point to its Stamping of cargo handling gear after testing
landing on gripping devices shall not exceed 100 mm. shall be done as described in 11.2.3.
10 Examinations, Inspections and Testing 57

10.4 PERIODICAL SURVEYS, EXAMINATIONS Occasional surveys and tests shall be carried out, if
AND TESTS necessary, after repair or replacement as specified in 10.5.
10.4.5 Periodical tests of the cargo handling gear
10.4.1 All derricks and gear (including span chain mounted on board a ship shall be carried out at least
stoppers) permanently attached to derricks, masts once every 5 years in accordance with the appropriate
and decks shall be surveyed by the Surveyor the requirements of 10.3.
Register at least once every 12 months and be Occasional tests conducted in accordance with
thoroughly examined by the Surveyor to the Register 10.5 will be regarded as periodical tests.
at least once every 5 years. The tests and associated examinations shall be
The results of examinations and surveys shall be confirmed by a Certificate issued on form 5.1.2 (No. 2).
entered in Part I of the Register of Ship's Lifting 10.4.6 Periodical surveys of cargo handling gear
Appliances and Cargo Handling Gear. of ships not engaged in international voyages may be
10.4.2 Ship's and deck cranes, hoists and derrick combined with annual surveys of the ship, having
winches, derrick cranes shall be thoroughly examined regard to the submissions before the assigned date
by the Surveyor to the Register at least once every and extensions permitted.
12 months. Unless otherwise is determined by the Flag State
Special appliances used to lift and convey persons MA, at least one of the periodical surveys and tests of
(lashing cages and boatswain's chairs) shall be the appliance for the personnel convey for a period of
thoroughly examined at least every 6 months, or at 12 months may be combined with a periodical survey
shorter intervals determined by a competent person. of Cargo Handling Gear, required by 10.4.2, with the
Examinations may include: interval between the two six-month surveys and tests
hammer tests; of the appliance for the personnel convey shall be
ultrasonic and/or radiographic testing; appointed for at least 4,5 months but not more than
dismantling of concealed components where 7,5 months.
appropriate. 10.4.7 No cargo handling gear, interchangeable
The results of examinations shall be entered in components and loose gear shall be used if:
Part I of the Register of Ship's Lifting Appliances they have not undergone examinations and
and Cargo Handling Gear. surveys in accordance with 10.4.1 to 10.4.5;
10.4.3 All interchangeable components and loose in the view of the competent person, they are not
gear shall be thoroughly examined by the Surveyor to safe for use.
the Register at least once every 12 months.
The appliance for the personnel convey shall be
thoroughly examined and tested in compliance 10.5 OCCASIONAL EXAMINATIONS AND TESTS
with 10.2.12 at least every 6 months, or at shorter
intervals determined by a competent person.
10.4.4 Periodical surveys and thorough examina- 10.5.1 In case of placement, re-rigging or repair of
tions, as wellas annual surveys shall be carried out to the cargo handling gear, their machinery, metal
ascertain that certificates on testing cargo handling gear, structures or gear, the mounted cargo handling gear
interchangeable components and loose gear and ropes, shall be examined and tested in accordance with
appropriate marking and stamps, and entries about appropriate requirements of 10.3.
periodical heat treatment of interchangeable compo- Such examinations and tests shall, in particular,
nents are available, as well as to evaluate the condition be carried out in the following cases:
of metal structures and their parts and assemblies, .1 after the replacement of the cargo handling
machinery and gear of the cargo handling gear. gear as a whole or putting it in another place;
If defects are found during a periodical survey .2 after the re-rigging of the cargo handling gear,
that may endanger safe use of the cargo handling major overhaul or repair after an accident;
gear, or wear is found exceeding the allowable vaues, .3 after major overhaul, alterations or replace-
the defective or worn-out parts shall be replaced or ment of metal structures, machinery and fixed gear of
repaired and the defects eliminated. the cargo handling gear;
Concealed spaces of metal structures inaccessible .4 if the height of the span rope fastening has
for examination shall be tested by air under excessive been changed or fastenings of shrouds or stays have
pressure 0,03 MPa with application of foaming been shifted;
solution. Other testing methods may be used if .5 after replacement or major repair of a winch or
agreed upon with the Register. a brake, after replacement of the car, counterweight,
The measurements of residual thickness of metal electric motor, suspension ropes, winch drum, after
structures shall be carried out at least once every 5 years. repair or replacement of the traction sheave;
58 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

.6 after removal of a cargo handling gear because 10.6.3 A wire rope shall not be used if:
of certain reasons and its re-positioning in the .1 5 per cent and more of the total number of
original place. wires in the rope are broken in any length equal to
After replacement of interchangeable compo- 10 times the rope diameter;
nents and loose gear and ropes, testing of the .2 there is any tendency towards birdcaging (i.e.
mounted cargo handling gear is not needed, however, separation of the strands or wires);
they must have a Certificate according to form 5.1.4 .3 a strand is broken;
for gear and according to form 5.1.5 for ropes. .4 excessive wear is present which manifests itself
After replacement of spreaders the cargo hand- by flat wire surfaces;
ling gear shall be subjected to operational tests with a .5 it shows signs of corrosion, particularly of the
suspended spreader and a container depending on the internal corrosion;
service conditions. .6 broken wires appear in one stand only or are
After replacement of cargo-gripping devices, concentrated in a shorter length of rope than ten
overspeed governors or a buffer static tests of a diameters or appear in the tucks of a splice;
ship's lift may be omitted. .7 there is more than one broken wire immediately
In case of alterations in the wiring diagram or adjacent to a compressed metal ferrule (pressed clamp/
replacement of cables in the control circuit, as well as of bush) or fitting;
modifications in the design of limit switches, door .8 the rope diameter is less than 90 per cent of its
contacts, automatic locks, deck switches, centralized initial value.
deck apparatus or any other devices performing the 10.6.4 Natural and synthetic fibre ropes shall not
same functions, the static and dynamic tests of the be allowed for use in case of broken or rotten yarns,
ship's lift may be dispensed with. In such case, it is considerable wear or deformation.
sufficient to run the tests in accordance with 10.3.12. 10.6.5 Metal masts, derricks, winch foundations, as
Occasional examinations and tests shall be well as metal structures of cranes and loose gear, having
confirmed by a Certificate according to form 5.1.2. a residual thickness equal to 80 per cent and less of their
10.5.2 After accidents with the cargo handling initial thickness shall not be allowed for use.
gear which have taken place in the course of its 10.6.6 Wear of lift parts and assemblies shall not
service an occasional examination of the cargo exceed the standards established by the manufacturer
handling gear shall be carried out to find out the or by those given below.
technical reasons for the accident. 10.6.6.1 Wear of collars and seals is determined
The extent of the examination required in that case by the amount of oil leakage.
shall be to the satisfaction of the Surveyor to the 10.6.6.2 The clearance between armature of the
Register. The examination shall be carried out regardless brake electromagnet and the yoke shall not exceed 4 mm.
of the validity of certificates for the cargo handling gear. 10.6.6.3 The clearance between the rope and the
groove bottom shall be not less than 2 mm.
10.6.6.4 The limits of uneven wear of grooves
10.6 LIMITS OF WEAR
relative to each other shall be such as to allow the
balancing suspension to compensate for the rope
running without disconnection of the contact used to
10.6.1 The present standards of wear are tentative control shifting of the balance-beam lever.
and may be altered depending on the specific 10.6.6.5 When wear of the grooves exceeds the
operating conditions of a component and the type above limits the sheave shall be grooved or renewed.
of wear. In order to determine more precisely the Grooving of the sheaves is permitted only once.
effect of wear on the strength and reliability of the 10.6.6.6 Wire ropes are considered to be defective
component, calculation methods may be used. depending on the number of wire breaks within the
The standards given below refer to places liable length of one step of a lay specified in Table 10.6.6-1.
to the maximum wear. The number of breaks in one step of a lay, at
10.6.2 The components with 10 per cent wear and which the rope of the construction specified in
more regarding of thickness or diameter as well as the Table 10.6.6-1 is considered to be defective, shall be
components with cracks, fractures or permanent determined on the basis of the data given in the table
deformations shall not be allowed for use. for the rope with the nearest number of strands and
When determining the wear of the articulated number of wires in the cross-section;
joints of derrick heel goosenecks and heel lugs, For example, the rope construction 8 x 19 = 152 wires
derrick span eye plate swivels, they shall be treated with one natural fibre core comes near to the rope
as plain bearings. The greatest diametral clearances 6 x 1 9 = 114 wires with one natural fibre core. To
shall comply with manufacturer standards. determine the criterion for rejection, the number of
10 Examinations, Inspections and Testing 59

T a b l e 10.6.6.-1 In case of wire breaks within the length of one step

Number of wire breaks within the length of one step of a lay the number of which does not lead to rejection
of a lay at which the rope shall be rejected
and in case of permissible wear of external strands, the
Rope construction rope is allowed for use subject to close supervision of
Initial safety factor 6x19 = 114 6x37 = 222 its condition.
with Rules ratio Did and one natural and one natural In case a broken strand is found in the rope,
(refer to 7.1.4) fibre core fibre core further use of the rope is not allowed.
Number of wire breaks within the length The number of wire breaks within the length of
of one step of a lay one step of a lay of the overspeed governor is not
cross one-sided cross one-sided exceed 20.
less than 9 14 7 23 12
Where the car is suspended on three or more
9, 10 16 8 26 13
ropes, their rejection shall be based on the arithme-
11, 12 18 9 29 14 tical mean which is determined proceeding from the
13, 14 20 10 32 16 maximum num-ber of wire breaks within the length
15, 16 22 11 35 18 of one step of a lay.
over 16 24 12 38 19 In this case, the allowable number of wire breaks
N o t e . In calculating wire breaks the factors are assumed as in one of the ropes may be exceeded but not more
follows: 1 for break of a thin wire; 1,7 for break of a thick wire. than by 50 per cent as compared to the values given
in Table 10.6.6-1.
breaks in one step of a lay given in Table 10.6.6-1 for 10.6.6.7 Wear of shells of the car and counterweight
the rope construction 6 x 1 9 = 1 1 4 wires with one shoes is allowed, provided the total side clearance
natural fibre core shall be multiplied by factor between the wear surface of the guide and the shell is
96:72=1,33 where 96 and 72 are numbers of wires not more than 4 mm and the total face clearance
in external strands of the former and the latter, measured by the rod gauge does not exceed 8 mm.
respectively; 10.6.6.8 The brake block coatings may be used as
In case of wear of external strands of the rope or long as their thickness in the mid-portion and at the
corrosion of wires, the number of wire breaks within edges will not be reduced to 1/2 and 1/3 of their
the length of one step of a lay as a sign for rejection original thickness, respectively.
shall be reduced according to the data of Ta- 10.6.6.9 Wear of worm-and-worm gear of the winch
ble 10.6.6-2. is checked by the value of play in worm gearing.
T a b l e 10.6.6-2 With the balanced suspension rope runs leading
Requirements for rope rejection relating to wear of external strands to the car and counterweight (or with the fully
or corrosion of wires slackened ropes), as well as with the fully compressed
Wear of external strands Number of wire breaks within the brake blocks the worm is turned by the wheel to the
or corrosion of wires length of one step of a lay, in per cent, left and to the right up to the perceptible stop. The
according to rope relative to the values given idle running of the worm shall not exceed 1/10 of one
diameter, in per cent in Table 10.6.6-1 complete revolution.
10 85 10.6.7 Loose gear shall be removed from service
15 75 for scrapping if:
20 70 .1 wear in eyes of chain links or the saddle of
25 60
30 and over 50 hooks exceeds 8 per cent;
.2 permanent elongation in sling chains exceeds
If wear or corrosion of wires is 40 per cent or more 5 per cent;
of the initial diameter of wires, the rope shall be rejected. .3 the cross-section of a chain link is reduced by
Where the car is suspended on two ropes, each more than 12 per cent;
rope shall be rejected separately, substitution of more .4 jaw openings of hooks have increased by more
worn-out rope being permitted. than 10 per cent.
60 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

11 DOCUMENTATION AND MARKING

11.1 DOCUMENTS issued, the cargo handling gear may be subjected to a
test or examination in accordance with these Rules,
11.1.1 Ships and mobile offshore drilling units, irrespective of the certificates available.
cargo handling gear of which are subject to survey by
the Register shall be provided (as required for the
appliances installed) with the following documents:
.1 Register of Ship's Lifting Appliances and 11.2 MARKING AND STAMPING
Cargo Handling Gear, form 5.1.1 (No. 1);
.2 Certificate of Test and Thorough Examination 11.2.1 Upon satisfactory results of testing with a
of Lifting Appliances, form 5.1.2 (No. 2); proof load in accordance with 10.2 each interchange-
.3 Certificate of Test and Thorough Examination able component and loose gear shall be marked and
of Derricks Used in Union Purchase, form 5.1.3 stamped. The marking and stamps shall be legible
(No. 2 (U)); and durable and shall contain the following parti-
.4 Certificate of Test and Thorough Examination culars:
of Interchangeable Components and Loosing Gear, .1 load mass corresponding to the safe working
form 5.1.4 (No. 3); load with indication of the letters SWL, t, in front of it;
.5 Certificate of Test and Thorough Examination .2 month and year of test;
of Wire Rope, form 5.1.5 (No. 4); .3 individual identification number of the item;
.6 Certificate of Test and Thorough Examination .4 stamp of the Register (if tested under the
of Lifts, form 5.1.6; Register technical supervision) or manufacturer's
.7 Manufacturer's Certificates for Natural Fibre stamp (if tested under supervision of a competent
and Synthetic Ropes; person);
.8 Instructions on Operation of Ship's Derricks .5 own mass, in t, with letters TW in front (for
and Cranes Used in Union Purchase. lifting beams, frames and spreaders);
11.1.2 Entries in the Register of Ship's Lifting .6 steel grade (refer to Table 11.2.1).
Appliances and Cargo Handing Gear and Certifi- T a b l e 11.2.1
cates shall be made in Russian and for ships engaged
in international voyages, also in English. Steel grade marking
Steel Stress in a sample at the
11.1.3 Particulars of the tested item to be given in mar- Grade of steel breaking load specified in
form 5.1.4 (No. 3) shall contain a designation king ISO standard, N/mm2
according to the standard or safe working load for L Low-carbon 300
non-standard parts, type of material and of heat M Higher tensile 400
treatment together with the following dimensions: P Alloyed 500
.1 for shackles — diameter of pin, and in case of S Alloyed 630
an uncommonly sized jaw opening, also the clear jaw T Alloyed 800
opening and the diameter of shackle in the middle of ' Rm — tensile strength.
the bow;
.2 for swivel suspensions of blocks, swivels and The stamps and marking shall be positioned on
turnbuckles — diameter of thread; items as follows:
.3 for blocks — diameter measured in the bottom h o o k s — on one of the side, on ramshorn
of sheave and axle diameter; hooks, on the wider portion between the horns;
.4 for chains — gauge and type of link (short- s w i v e l s — on the wider side of the bow-piece
link, long-link); close to the eye shank;
.5 connecting links — gauge of link and its s h a c k l e s — on any side of the shackle close to
length. the eye;
11.1.4 Availability of valid certificates issued by b l o c k s — on the strap or on the cheek plate (if
other classification societies whose requirements are there is no strap, between the eye and the sheave axle pin);
recognized by the Register as equivalent to the c r o s s — h e a d s of b l o c k s , in the middle of
requirements of these Rules is sufficient to consider the side surface;
the cargo handling gear fit for safe use. If, however, s w i v e l s of b l o c k s — on the side portion of
there is any doubt as to the state of the cargo casing close to the pin;
handling gear or its compliance with the certificates w i r e r o p e s o c k e t s , on the cone portion;
11 Documentation and Marking 61

c h a i n s — on end link of each chain length; Material grade

c o n n e c t i n g l i n k s , on one side surface;
identification number, on the centre insert on the lock; Safe working load
r i g g i n g s c r e w s , on tubular body;
identification number also on the eye or lug; Identification number y
c a r g o-g r i p p i n g d e v i c e s , on clearly Welding and stamp ^
visible and protected place of load-carrying frame or
beam near the support. Twistlocks of container
spreaders shall be marked with their identification Fig. 11.2.1-4 Marking of chains
number.
Examples of marking are shown on Figs. 11.2.1-1
to 11.2.1-5.
Month and year of test

Safe working load Safe working load Identification number

and stamp

Material Identification number

grade and stamp Rope diameter

Fig. 11.2.1-1 Marking of hooks

Fig. 11.2.1-5 Marking of blocks

11.2.2 Upon satisfactory results of testing in

Safe working load accordance with 10.3.1, cranes, cargo winches, reels
shall be legibly and durably marked. The marking
shall contain the following particulars:
.1 safe working load with indication of the letters
SWL, t, in front of it (pull, tension in span rope, kN);
Identification number .2 month and year of test;
and stamp Wrap of sling .3 individual identification number of the item;
Material grade
.4 stamp of the Register (if tested under the
Register supervision) or manufacturer's stamp (if
Fig. 11.2.1-2 Marking of ramshorn hooks tested under supervision of a competent person).
11.2.3 Upon satisfactory results of examination
after testing each cargo handling gear tested with a
Identification number proof load in accordance with 10.3.4 shall be legibly
Safe working load
and stamp and durably marked and stamped. The marking shall
contain the following particulars:
.1 safe working load with indication of the letters
SWL, t, for derricks also the minimum allowable

4
Material grade inclination angle to the horizontal; for cranes and
derrick cranes with a variable jib radius, the
i w 1
allowable maximum and minimum jib radii; where
T 3 — 0 " the safe working load varies with a jib radius, the
marking shall contain the maximum and minimum
Fig. 11.2.1-3 Marking of shackles jib radii for each appropriate safe working load; for
passenger lifts, allowable number of passengers.
Where small dimensions of items make stamping Each derrick shall be legibly marked with its
difficult, month and year of testing may be SWL, as follows:
omitted. used only in single purchase — SWL xt;
62 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

used additionally with the lower cargo block — 11.2.11 Marking shall be made in letters and
SWL x/xt; Arabic figures at least 77 mm high. Marking of the
used in union purchase — SWL(U) xt safe working load on lifting beams, girders, spreaders
where x is safe working load;
and othe similar devices shall be put in a conspicuous
place; height of the letters shall allow operators to
.2 month and year of test; easily read them.
.3 identification number; Where marking is put on directly on an
.4 stamp of the Register. The stamp shall be put on interchangeable component, the height of the letter
the derrick boom heel fitting and on the lower end of the for components shall not exceed the values given
crane jib close to the bearing. Ship's elevating platforms below for the following safe working loads:
shall be marked near the hinged joints between the up to 2 t — 3,0 mm;
platform and supporting appliance. In all cases, the from 2 to 8 t — 4,5 mm;
stamp shall be readily visible and easily accessible. more than — 6,0 mm.
11.2.4 Winches of lifts shall be provided with the When marking interchangeable components of
plate containing manufacturer's name, type, rated round section, such as chains, etc., the height of the
traction force, manufacturer's number, date of letters shall not exceed the values given below for the
manufacture and the Register stamp confirming components with the following diameters:
acceptance of the winch. up to and including 12,5 mm — 3,0 mm;
11.2.5 The gripping devices and overspeed from 12,5 to 26 mm — 4,5 mm;
governors shall be provided with the plate containing more than 26 mm — 6,0 mm
manufacturer's name, type, rated safe working load If the material is too hard or if direct marking
and speed for which they are designed, manufac- affects or is liable to affect the subsequent safe use of
turer's number and date of manufacture. the cargo handling gear or its components, and/or at
11.2.6 Hydraulic buffers shall be provided with the the request of a competent person, the marking shall be
plate containing manufacturer's name, type, rated speed made on some other suitable item of durable material
for which they are designed, manufacturer's No. and permanently attached to the cargo handling gear, such
date of manufacture. as a tablet, disc or ferrule. Marking on such items may
11.2.7 One of the suspension ropes shall be be larger than the dimensions indicated above.
provided with the plate containing data of the rated Examples of marking are given in Table 11.2.11.
diameter, construction, rated breaking strength, stan- 11.2.12 Besides the hoisting particulars referred
dard number, type and date of putting into operation. to in 11.2.3, every cargo derrick and crane shall be
11.2.8 The marking shall be clear and durable and marked with its ship inventory number.
the places of marking shall be distinctively painted. The order of numbering is as follows:
The stamp shall have round contour to avoid .1 all light-lift derricks as well as derricks with the
stress concentration and not be put on weld areas. safe working load of 10 t and more positioned
Where the material on which marking shall be put is outside the ship's centre line, beginning from ahead
too hard or marking on the item may affect safe starboard to port;
operation, marking shall be put on a plate, disc, etc made .2 all heavy-lift derricks positioned in the ship's
of acceptable material and permanently fixed to the item. centre line beginning from ahead;
11.2.9 If the size of marking according to 11.2.3.1 .3 cranes, separately from derricks, beginning
is too big, information on intermediate values of the from ahead starboard to port.
safe working load of the crane may be reduced on 11.2.13 Larger items of loose gear, such as lifting
agreement with the Surveyor. beams, spreaders, etc., that have a significant weight shall
In such cases, for cranes the safe working load of also be conspicuously marked with their own weight.
which varies with a jib radius a metal plate containing jib The markings shall be so positioned and of such
radii for each appropriate safe working load shall be size as to be immediately legible to those using the
provided with a plate to be fitted in the cabin of a crane cargo handling gear from the quay or ship's deck.
driver in a conspicuous and easily accessible position. 11.2.14 Marking of the cranes used to convey the
11.2.10 On derricks and on metal structures of personnel and appliances for the personnel convey.
cranes the marking shall be painted, punched or 11.2.14.1 Marking of a crane and appliance for
welded on. Ship's elevating platforms shall be the personnel convey shall contain, in addition to the
provided with inscriptions on the platform or on data required in 11.2.1, the permissible number of
the plates. The letters and figures shall be painted in a persons for convey.
dark colour on a light background, or in a light 11.2.14.2 The block used to convey the personnel
colour on a dark background within a frame of shall be additionally marked in compliance with SWL
indentations or welding spots. during convey of the personnel.
11 Documentation and Marking 63

T a b l e 11.2.11
Marking Signification
Derricks
SWT,1,5 t 15° Safe working load of derrick 1,5 t with derrick boom inclination of at least 15°
SWL 5 t 30° Safe working load of derrick 5 t with derrick boom inclination of at least 30°
SWL 3-5 t 15° With derrick boom inclination of at least 15°, safe working load of derrick 3 t for single-reeved runner and
5 t for double- reeved runner (tackle)
SWL 3 — 5 t 30° With derrick boom inclination of at least 30°, safe working load of derrick 3 t for singte-reeved runner and
5 t for double- reeved runner (tackle)
SWL 3 — 5tl5° With derrick boom inclination of at least 15°, safe working load of derrick 3 t for single-reeved runner and
5 t for double- reeved runner (tackle)
SWL 10 t 15° With derrick boom inclination of at least 25° and special rigging of the derrick in accordance with design
documentation, safe working load 10 t
SWL 20 t 25° With derrick boom inclination of at least 25°, safe working load of derrick 20 t
SWT,3 t 15° Safe working load of derrick 3 t with derrick boom inclination of at least 15°
SWT, (U) 2t Safe working load of derrick 2 t with derrick used in union purchase as specified in the Instruction for
Rigging and Operation of Derricks Used in Union Purchase.
Cranes
SWT, 3 t Safe working load of crane 3 t (for non-jib cranes, hoists and cranes with fixed jib radius)
SWT, 1,5 t 4 — 12m Safe working load of crane is 1,5 t with jib radii from 4 to 12 m
S W T , 3 t 4 — 12 m Safe working load of crane 3 t with jib radii from 4 to 12 m
SWL 5 t 4 — 6 m Safe working load of crane 5 t with jib radii from 4 to 6 m
S W T , 32/8 t — 22/24 m Safe working load for the main hoisting machinery operation 32 t, it is 8 t for the auxiliary hoisting
machinery operation
Maximum jib radius of the main hook is 22 m and that of the auxiliary hook 24 m
SWT 1 0 0 1 1 6 M

32 t 24 m Safe working load is 100 t with jib radius 16 m and 32 t with jib radius 24 m
64 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

12 TECHNICAL SUPERVISION OF CARGO HANDLING GEAR IN USE

12.1 GENERAL 12.2 PERIODICAL EXAMINATIONS
OF INTERCHANGEABLE COMPONENTS AND LOOSE
GEAR, AND ROPES BY SHff'S OFFICERS
12.1.1 Between surveys and examinations carried
out by the Surveyor to the Register the responsibility
for continuous supervision of keeping the cargo 12.2.1 All interchangeable components and loose
handling gear in conformity with certificates issued gear, and ropes shall be carefully examined at least
by the Register and with these Rules, the main- once every three monhs by a responsible person
tenance of the established limitations of the permis- assigned by the master. If defects are found out
sible safe working load, jib radii of cranes and during such an examination. The results shall be
inclination angles of derrick booms, control of entered in Part III of the Register of Ship's Lifting
adjustment of derricks and preventer guys and also Appliances and Cargo Handling Gear.
of the angle between the cargo runners when in union Besides, interchangeable components and loose
purchase, and the keeping of the cargo handling gear gear, and ropes shall be carefully examined by a
in the state fit for safe use, rests with the ship's responsible person every time before use of the cargo
officers. handling gear. In this case, an entry in Part III of the
Register of Ship's Lifting Appliances and Cargo
Handling Gear is made only if defects are found.
If broken wires are found in a rope, the rope shall
be examined at least once a month.
Appendix 65

APPENDIX
NOMENCLATURE OF MAIN STRUCTURES, MACHINERY
AND GEAR OF CARGO HANDLING GEAR SUBJECT TO SURVEY
BY THE REGISTER (TO 1.3.3 OF THE RULES)

1 SHIP'S DERRICKS
frames;
container spreaders;
other similar gear.
1.1 Winches and reels: 1.3.4 Ropes:
cargo winches; shrouds and stays;
span winches; cargo runners, span ropes, tackles and slewing
guy winches; guy pendants;
span reels; preventer guys and boom head guys in union purchase.
preventer guy reels.
1.2 Metal structures:
cargo masts; 2 CRANES AND HOISTS
short posts for mounting derrick heel fittings;
cross trees;
cross members; 2.1 Machinery:
derrick booms; hoisting machinery;
derrick boom supports; luffing machinery;
seats of winches and reels; slewing machinery;
stiffening of ship's structure in way of masts, travelling motion machinery;
winches and eye plates. brakes.
1.3 Ropes and gear: 2.2 Metal structures:
1.3.1 Interchangeable components: bridges;
blocks; gantries;
hooks; jibs;
chains; frames;
shackles; foundations;
swivels; stiffening of ship's hulls, pontoons and docks in
rigging screws; way of cranes;
thimbles, rope sockets, pressed clamps of the ropes; fixed and turning columns;
triangular and polygonal plates; balance beams and rods of movable counter-
derrick head eye fittings; weeights;
cross-head forks of blocks; supports for derricks when stowed for sea.
accessories of the cross members type, which are 2.3 Ropes and gear:
regular items of heavy lift-derricks (are subject to 2.3.1 Loose gear:
special consideration by the Register in each blocks;
case); hooks;
stops for fastening preventer guys with pressed- chains;
on bushes. shackles;
1.3.2 Fixed gear: swivels;
derrick head eye plates, span ropes, slewing and thimbles, rope sockets and pressed clamps of ropes;
preventer guys; accessories of the cross members type, which are
eye plates secured on ship's hull, deck or metal regular items of heavy cranes (are subject to special
structures; consideration by the Register in each case).
derrick heel fittings; 2.3.2 Fixed gear:
span eye plates with bearings; eye plates;
derrick heel goosenecks with bearings; trunnions, axles with bearings;
built-in sheaves of the booms with collars. lead screws;
1.3.3 Loose gear: rollers.
slings; 2.3.3 Loose gear being part of the ship:
lifting beams; slings;
66 Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships

lifting beams; 4 SHIP'S ELEVATING PLATFORMS

frames;
container spreaders; 4.1 Platforms
other similar gear. 4.2 Platform equipment:
2.3.4 Ropes: guides;
cargo runners; shoes;
derrick ropes; blocking devices;
grab ropes. buffers;
2.4 Safety devices: locking devices;
limit switches; guard railings;
jib radius automatic indicators; drives (mechanical or hydraulic).
safe working load limiter; 4.3 Supporting appliances:
signalling devices; ropes with guides;
interlocking devices; chains with guides;
safety buttons or switches. fastenings;
lever-pull system;
hydraulic structural elements;
3 LIFTS
gear racks;
spindles.
4.4 Safety devices.
3.1 Metal structures with loose gear:
trunks;
guides; 5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
cabins; OF CARGO HANDLING GEAR
ceilings;
foundations. 5.1 Electric motors.
3.2 Lift equipment: 5.2 Electric brakes.
trunk doors; 5.3 Control stands.
counterweights; 5.4 Limit switches.
stops and buffers. 5.5 Safety buttons or switches.
3.3 Lift winches (of drum and traction type): 5.6 Control device of load mass.
cargo shafts; 5.7 Cabling.
couplings; 5.8 Other electrical equipment required for safe
base plate; operation of cargo handling gear.
brakes; N o t e . The Nomenclature when applied to specific cargo
drums. handling gear, varies together with the design of the latter.
3.4 Safety devices: However, the items listed in these Rules, as well as the stress-
gripping devices; bearing essential elements of the cargo handling gear are subject
to technical supervision in all cases.
overspeed governors; All cargo handling gear, their machinery, metal structures,
lowering and lifting limit switches. ropes and gear, as well as safety devices, as specified in the
3.5 Ropes and items of cable run and fastening of Nomenclature are subject to technical supervision of the Register
regarding implementation of the Rule requirements for structure
ropes (sheaves, cleat casings, cleats, couplings, clips, and calculations and, in case of technical supervision during
hold-down straps, etc.) manufacture and repair, also regarding the materials used, heat
treatment, welding of the essential stress-bearing components in
conformity with the specific requirements of these Rules and with
the appropriate general requirements set forth in Part III
"Equipment, Arrangements and Outfit", Part XIII "Materials"
and Part XIV "Welding" of the Rules for the Classification and
Construction of Sea-Going Ships.
 POCCHHCKHH MopcKoii pennnp cynoxoflcrfla
ripaBHjia no rpy3onojrbeMHHM ycTpoHCTBaiw iwopcKiix cyaon
Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
Rules for the Cargo Handling Gear of Sea-Going Ships
The edition is prepared
by Russian Maritime Register of Shipping
8, Dvortsovaya Naberezhnaya,
191186, St. Petersburg,
Russian Federation
www.rs-class.org/en/