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Assignment 5

The document outlines Assignment 5 for a Communication Theory course due on April 18th, 2025, with various compulsory questions related to binary hypothesis testing, transmission bandwidth, MATLAB simulations, and error probabilities in communication systems. Students are instructed to submit their work in a specified format and are cautioned about penalties for late submissions. The assignment includes theoretical questions and practical simulations involving MATLAB to analyze communication system performance.

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Ansh agarwal
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9 views

Assignment 5

The document outlines Assignment 5 for a Communication Theory course due on April 18th, 2025, with various compulsory questions related to binary hypothesis testing, transmission bandwidth, MATLAB simulations, and error probabilities in communication systems. Students are instructed to submit their work in a specified format and are cautioned about penalties for late submissions. The assignment includes theoretical questions and practical simulations involving MATLAB to analyze communication system performance.

Uploaded by

Ansh agarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication Theory

Spring-2025

Assignment 5 Deadline: 11:59 pm April 18th

Instructions:
• All questions are compulsory.

• Clearly state the assumptions (if any) made that are not specified in the questions.

• Submission format: Rollnumber.pdf

Cautions:
• One late homework assignment is allowed without penalty.

• 2 marks will be deducted on other late assignments.

1. In a binary hypothesis testing problem with hypotheses H0 and H1 , having prior


probabilities π0 and π1 , and observation model given by conditional densities p(r |
H0 ) and p(r | H1 ), what decision rule should be used to make the most informed
choice between H0 and H1 ? Justify your answer, and support your reasoning with
a relevant example from a digital communication system.

2. Consider a case of binary transmission via polar signaling that uses half-width
rectangular pulses of amplitudes A/2 and −A/2. The data rate is Rb bit/s.

(a) What is the minimum transmission bandwidth and the transmitted power.
(b) This data is to be transmitted by M -ary rectangular half-width pulses of am-
plitudes  
A 3A 5A (M − 1)
± ,± ,± ,...,± A
2 2 2 2
Note that to maintain about the same noise immunity, the minimum pulse
amplitude separation is A. If each of the M -ary pulses is equally likely to
occur, show that the transmitted power is
(M 2 − 1)A2
P =
24 log2 M
Also determine the transmission bandwidth.

3. Binary data is transmitted over a certain channel at a rate Rb bit/s. To reduce the
transmission bandwidth, it is decided to use 16-ary PAM signaling to transmit this
data.

(a) By what factor is the bandwidth reduced?


(b) By what factor is the transmitted power increased, assuming minimum sepa-
ration between pulse amplitudes to be the same in both cases?

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4. MATLAB - Simulate a binary communication system over an AWGN channel where
two deterministic signals s0 = −A and s1 = +A are transmitted with prior proba-
bilities π0 and π1 , respectively. The received signal is given by

r = si + n, where n ∼ N (0, σ 2 ).

(a) Implement both the MAP and ML decision rules for a fixed SNR.
(b) Simulate the transmission of 106 bits and compute the empirical probability
of error under both rules.

Note: You may assume A = 1 and σ 2 = 1 (i.e., SNR = 0 dB) for simplicity.

5. MATLAB - The effect of noise on the performance of a binary communication


system can be observed from the received signal plus noise at the input to the
detector. For example, let us consider binary orthogonal signals, for which the
input to the detector consists of the pair of random variables (r0 , r1 ), where either
√ 
(r0 , r1 ) = E + n0 , n1
or  √ 
(r0 , r1 ) = n0 , E + n1

The noise random variables n0 and n1 are zero-mean, independent Gaussian random
variables with variance σ 2 .
Use Monte Carlo simulation to generate 100 samples of (r0 , r1 ) for each value of
σ = 0.1, σ = 0.3, and σ = 0.5. Plot these 100 samples for each σ on different
two-dimensional plots. The energy E of the signal may be normalised to unity.
(a) What do you think, what kind of detector can be used for this kind of binary
communication?
(b) What will be the effect of increasing noise variance (decreasing SNR) on the
detector?

Hint: Fig (a) shows a sample plot for σ = 0.1.

2
6. (a) MATLAB - 4-PAM Mapping Function
Write a function fourpammap that maps two 0/1 bits to a symbol in the 4-PAM
constellation. The 4-PAM constellation consists of the symbols {±1, ±3}.
• Input: Two 0/1 bits.
• Output: A symbol taking one of the following values: {±1, ±3}.
(b) Bit Error Probability for 4-PAM
Using the nearest neighbors approximation, the ideal bit error probability for
Gray-coded 4-PAM is given by:
√ 
4Eb
Pe = Q √
5 N0

where Q(x) is the Q-function.


• Plot this error probability on a log scale as a function of Eb /N0 (in dB)
over the range 0 ≤ Eb /N0 ≤ 10 dB.
• Find the value of Eb /N0 (in dB) corresponding to a bit error probability
of 10−2 .
(c) Decision Statistics and Error Probability for 4-PAM
For 6000 transmitted 4-PAM symbols, perform the following tasks:
• Generate decision statistics at the receiver after passing through the re-
ceive filter.
• Plot the real versus imaginary parts of the decision statistics.
• Use an appropriate decision rule to estimate the two parallel bit streams
of 6000 bits from the 6000 complex decision statistics.
• Measure the bit error probability for the 4-PAM symbols.

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