March Revision

st

Prep
Second Term

Prepared by:
Amira Ahmed
 Pony Revision on Unit 2 Sixth and
Energy and Its Applications Seventh Weeks

1 Complete the following sentences:

Lesson 1: Potential Energy
1. Meter and kilometer are the measuring units of distance and displacement.
2. km/h and m/s are the measuring units of speed.
3. Speed = Distance
Time
4. Joule is the measuring unit of work, while newton is the measuring unit of
force.
5. Work = Force × Displacement
6. The factors affecting potential energy are weight and height.
7. Newton is the measuring unit of weight.
8. Five kilometers = 5000 meters, while three kilojoules = 3000 joules.
Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
9. The factors affecting the kinetic energy of an object are mass and speed.
10. The measuring unit of kinetic energy is joule and is equal to kg x (m/s)².
11. The kinetic energy of an object = m ´ v².
12. Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass and square of speed.
13. The more the mass of the object, the slower the speed when the kinetic
energy is constant.
14. If the speed of the body increases into three times, its kinetic energy
increases into 9 times of its value.
2 Choose from columns (B) and (C) what suits column (A):
Lesson 1: Potential Energy
Column (A) Column (B) Column (C)
1. Work 1. m/s 1. w x h
2. Potential energy 2. N 2. F x s
3. Weight 3. J 3. m x g
4. Speed 4. N.m 4. d ÷ t
1. 3 , 2 2. 4 , 1 3. 2 , 3 4. 1 , 4

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3 Complete the following table:

Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy Speed (v) Mass (m)
Number
(KE) (Joules) (m/s) (kg)
(1) 64 8 2
(2) 48 4 6
(3) 96 5.6 6

4 Compare between:
Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
Kinetic energy and potential energy in terms of:
Definition – mathematical relationship – affecting factors
Device Kinetic Energy Potential Energy
It is the gained
It is the stored energy in the
energy by an object
a. Definition object as a result of the work
as a result of its
done on it.
motion.

b. Mathematical
KE = mv² PE = mgh
Relationship
1- Object’s mass 1- Object’s weight
c. Affecting Factors
2- Object’s speed 2- Object’s height

5 What is meant by each of the following?

Lesson 1: Potential Energy
1. Movement path.
It is a set of points that an object passes through during its movement.
2. Distance.
It is the total length of any path taken by the object during its motion
from the starting point to the end point.
3. Displacement.
It is the shortest straight path connecting the starting point and the
end point in a constant direction.

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4. Speed.
It is the distance covered by a moving object per a unit of time.
5. Work.
It is the amount of energy required to move an object through a
certain displacement in the same direction of the force that acts on it.
6. Energy.
It is the ability to do work.
7. Potential energy.
It is the stored energy in an object as a result of the work done on it.
8. The independent variable.
It is the variable that is changed during the experiment.
9. The dependent variable.
It is the variable to be tested, which changes in response to
changing the independent variable.
10. Controlled variables.
They are the variables controlled to remain constant throughout the
experiment.
Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
11. Kinetic energy.
It is the gained energy by an object as a result of its motion.
Or
It is the work done during the motion of an object.
6 What is meant by:
Lesson 1: Potential Energy
1. The distance traveled by an object is 50 meters.
This means that the total length of the path taken by the object during
its motion from the starting point to the end point equals 50 meters.
2. The displacement of a body is 30 meters.
This means that the length of the shortest straight path connecting
between the starting and the end point in a constant direction equals
30 meters.
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3. A body's speed is 120 km/h.

This means that this body covers a distance of 120 km in one hour.
4. A moving car travels 720 meters in two minutes.
This means that the speed of this car equals 6 m/s.
V = d = 720 = 6 m/sec
t 2 ´ 60
5. The potential energy of a body is 60 joules.
This means that the energy stored in the body as a result of the work
done equals 60 joules.
6. The energy stored in a body as a result of the work done is 0.5 KJ.
This means that the potential energy equals 0.5 kilojoules.
Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
7. The kinetic energy of an object is 250 joules.
This means that the gained energy by the object as a result of its
motion equals 250 joules.

7 What happens when:

Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
1. The speed of a moving object increases into the double with a constant
mass, according to its kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy will increase 4 times of its value.
2. The mass is doubled and the speed is decreased to half, according to
the kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy will decease to half of its value.
3. Two cars, (1) and (2), move at different speeds and have the same mass,
according to the kinetic energy?
The two cars (1) and (2) will move with different kinetic energies.

8 When will the following happen?

Lesson 1: Potential Energy
1. The speed is equal to zero.
When the object is static (There is no distance covered by the object).
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2. The work is equal to zero.

1) If the object doesn’t move. (The displacement = zero).
2) If the direction of the acting force is opposite to the direction of
the object’s motion.
3. The potential energy equals zero.
When the object reaches the ground, as the height of the object
equals zero.
4. The distance equals the displacement.
When the object moves in a straight line in one direction.
5. The speed equals the distance.
When the object covers this distance in a unit time (1 sec or 1 h).
Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
6. The kinetic energy = zero.
When the object is static and its speed is zero.
7. The kinetic energy is numerically equal twice the mass of the body.
When the speed of the body is 2 m/s.
9 Give reasons for:
Lesson 1: Potential Energy
1. The work done by a car is less than the work done by a truck, even
though their speeds are equal.
Because the mass of the truck is greater than the mass of the
car.
2. The work required to stop a moving car at a high speed increases.
Because the car that moves at a high speed has a large kinetic
energy.
Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy
3. The kinetic energy of the car decreases when the driver presses the car’s
brakes.
Because when the driver presses the car's brakes, the speed of the
car decreases.

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10 Problems:
Lesson 1: Potential Energy
1. A body moves 10 meters east in 3 seconds, then moves 8 meters south
in 4 seconds, then moves 10 meters west in 3 seconds. Calculate:
a. Total distance b. Displacement c. Body speed
Start 10 meter
3 sec
4 sec 8 meter
3 sec
End 10 meter

a. Total distance (d) = 10 + 8 + 10 = 28 m

d
b. Displacement (s) = 8 m ÷
c. Time = 3 + 4 + 3 = 10 sec v t
v = d = 28 = 2.8 m/sec
t 10
2. Calculate the speed of a body that covered a distance of 50 km in
two hours.
d
d = 50 km t = 2 h v=? ÷

v = d = 50 = 25 km/h v t
t 2
3. Calculate the time required to cover a distance of 300 meters if the body
is moving at a speed of 20 m/s.

d = 300 m v = 20 m/s t=? d

÷
t = d = 300 = 15 sec v t
v 20
4. If a body moves at a speed of 20 km/h, calculate the distance traveled
after three hours.

v = 20 km/h t = 3 hours d=? d

d = v ´ t = 20 ´ 3 = 60 km
v x t

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5. A person pushed an object with a force of 40 Newtons and it moved

in a straight line a distance of 10 meters. Calculate the amount of
work done.
W
F = 40 N S = 10 m W=?
W = F ´ S = 40 ´ 10 = 400 J F x s

6. A body does work of 50 joules to move a bicycle a distance of 10

meters. Calculate the amount of force required to do the work.

W = 50 J s = 10 m F=? W
F = W = 50 = 5 N
÷
s 10 F s

7. Calculate the potential energy of a body with a mass of 15 kg at a height

of 150 cm, knowing that the acceleration due to gravity is 10 Newton/kg.
PE = ? m = 15 kg g = 10 N/kg
h = 1.5m
PE = m ´ g ´ h = 15 ´ 10 ´ 1.5 = 225 J

8. If a body has a potential energy of 240 joules at a height of 12 meters,

calculate the weight of the body.

PE = 240 J h = 12 m W=?
PE
÷

W = PE = 240 = 20 N W x h
h 12

Lesson 2: Kinetic Energy

9. Calculate the kinetic energy of a ball with a mass of 20 kg moving at
a speed of 4 m/s.
KE = ?? m = 20 kg v = 4 m/s
KE
KE = 1 m x v² = 1 × 20 × 4² = 160 J
2 2 1
2
m x v2

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10. Calculate the kinetic energy of a body weighing 20 Newtons moving at a

speed of 6 m/s.

w = 20 N v = 6 m/s g = 10
KE
w=m×g 1
2
m x v2
m = w = 20 = 2 kg
g 10
KE = 1 m x v² = 1 × 2 × 6 × 36 = 6 J
2 2

11. Calculate the kinetic energy of a body with a mass of 500 g that travels 20
meters in 4 seconds.
m = 500 g = 500 = 0.5 kg
1000
d = 20 m d KE
t=4s ÷

v t 1
m x v2
v = d = 20 = 5 m/s
2

t 4
KE = 1 m x v² = 1 × 0.5 × 5 × 5 = 6.25 J
2 2
12. The following figures show the relationship between kinetic energy and
velocity when the mass is constant. Determine which of them represents:
KE KE KE KE

V2 V2 V2 V2
(1) (2) (3) (4)

1. Its kinetic energy increases. (1)

2. Its kinetic energy decreases. (4)
3. Its kinetic energy remains constant. (3)

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Pony Revision on Unit 3 – Lesson 1 Eighth and
Nutritional Relationship in Biological Communities Ninth Weeks

1 Complete the following sentences:

1. The ecosystem consists of living organisms and non-living things.
2. There are non-living components in the ecosystem, such as air and
water.
3. The ecosystem consists of several levels: the individual, biotic
population, and biological community.
4. Species is considered the basic unit in the classification of living
organisms.
5. A commensal is the individual that benefits from commensalism.
6. A host is the one that is neither benefited nor harmed in commensalism.
7. Each stage in which energy is transferred in the food chain is called
trophic level.
8. The rabbit and the horse are considered herbivores because they have
incisors for cutting plants.
9. Carnivorous animals, such as lions and snakes, are characterized by
having sharp canines to tear their prey.
10. Omnivorous animals, such as bears and mice, feed on both meat and
plants.
11. Hyenas and vultures are considered scavengers as they feed on the
remains of dead organisms.

2 What is meant by each of the following?

1. Ecosystem
It is an area that consists of living organisms and non-living
components.
2. Biocommunity
It includes the various populations of different species that inhabit
the same environment.
3. The individual
It is a single living organism that belongs to a specific species.

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4. Predation
It is a nutritional relationship between two living organisms, one
benefits (predator) and the other is harmed (prey).
5. Competition
It is a nutritional relationship between two individuals of the same
species for a food source that is found in limited quantities, which
negatively impacts their growth or survival.
6. Mutualism
It is a nutritional relationship between two individuals, both of them
benefits from each other without causing harm to either of them.
7. Commensalism
It is a nutritional relationship between two individuals that benefits
one organism, known as the commensal, while the other organism,
known as the host, neither benefits nor is harmed.
8. Decomposers
They are living organisms that obtain their food from the dead
bodies.
9. Food chain
It is the path of energy transfer in the form of food as it moves from
one living organism to another within the ecosystem.
10. Food web
It is the interconnection and overlapping of multiple food chains.
11. Energy pyramid
It is a pyramid that represents the flow of energy and the amount of
energy at each trophic level in a food chain.
12. Biological control
It is a food system that uses (utilizes) living organisms to eliminate
agricultural pests instead of using pesticides

3 Mention the type of food relationship in each of the following:

1. The remora fish that sticks to the shark’s body and gets its food remains
without affecting the shark. (Commensalism)
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2. Falcons hunt mice. (Predation)

3. The trees in the forest are densely packed together, blocking light
from the short trees. (Competition)
4. Spiders hunt insects. (Predation)
5. Algae live inside the coral tissues and carry out photosynthesis,
which provides food for corals, while corals get oxygen and nutrients.
(Mutualism)
6. Lions compete for gazelles or zebras. (Competition)

4 What happens when:

1. Food sources lack in a balanced ecosystem?
The competition increases between the individuals of the same
species, which negatively impacts their growth or survival.
2. Food shortage occurs for a group of hyenas?
The competition happens between them, which negatively impacts
their growth or survival.
3. One of the living organisms present in a balanced ecosystem is absent?
The other living organisms in the food chain or the food web are
affected, which causes an imbalance for the ecosystem.
4. The number of primary consumers increases?
- The number of producers decreases.
- The number of secondary consumers increases.
5. The number of secondary consumers decreases?
- The number of primary consumers increases.
- The number of tertiary consumers decreases.

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5 Study the figures below, then answer the following questions:

(1) (2) (3) (4)

a. 
Which of these creatures is a carnivore, omnivore, herbivore or
scavenger?
The lion is a carnivore, the bear is an omnivore, the horse is a
herbivore, and the eagle is a scavenger.
b. Compare between the lion and the horse in terms of:
Type of food – Shape of the teeth
P.O.C Lion Horse

a. Type of Food Animals (Meat) Plants only

b. Shape of the
Sharp canines Incisors
Teeth

6 The following figure shows a living organism. Answer the questions

below:
a. What is the name of this organism?
Dotted beetle (Lady bug)
b. What organisms does it feed on?
It feeds on aphid insects.
c. What is the benefit of this organism to the environment?
It is used to eliminate agricultural pests instead of using pesticides.

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7 Create food chains and food webs from the following organisms:
Carrot – Shrimp – Grass – Seal – Wheat – Deer – Mouse – Rabbit – Bacteria –
Fungi – Sparrow – Fox – Falcon – Snake – Fish – Bear – Algae – Lion
Food chains:
1) Carrot → Rabbit → Snake → Bacteria
2) Grass → Mouse → Snake → Bacteria
3) Wheat → Mouse → Fox → Bacteria
4) Algae → Shrimp → Fish → Seal → Bear → Fungi
Food web:
Bacteria/Fungi

Fox Snake

Sparrow Mouse Rabbit

Wheat Grass Carrot

8 Create an energy pyramid from the following:

Carrot – Shrimp – Grass – Seal – Wheat – Deer – Mouse – Rabbit – Sparrow –
Fox – Falcon – Snake – Fish – Bear – Algae – Lion

Lion
Fish Bear

Fox – Snake Seal

Sparrow – rabbit Shrimp – Fish
Mouse – Deer
Grass – Carrot – Wheat Algae

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Pony Revision on Unit 3 – Lesson 2
Genetic Traits and Mutations Tenth Week

1 Put (✓) or (✗):

1. Inherited traits are traits passed from offspring to parents. (7)
2. The brown eye color is an acquired trait. (7)
3. The presence of a solid body structure covering the frog is an
inherited trait. (7)
4. Instinctive behaviors are passed from parents to offspring without
learning. (✓)
5. Acquired traits are not inherited and are acquired by humans from
the environment. (✓)
6. Breastfeeding is an acquired trait. (7)
7. The genetic material is found in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotes. (7)
8. Chromosomes are thread-like bodies found inside the nucleus in the
bean plant. (✓)
9. A chromosome consists of two strands, each of which is called a
chromatid. (✓)
10. The number of chromosomes in humans is 46 chromosomes, and in
corn is 32 chromosomes. (7)

2 Complete the following sentences:

1. The genetic material is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic organisms
and in the nuclei of eukaryotic organisms.
2. Examples of hereditary traits in humans are eye colors and hair
colors.
3. Examples of acquired traits in humans are learning languages and
learning to walk.
4. A hen sitting on eggs is an example of a/an instinctive behavior,
while a dolphin playing with a ball is a/an acquired trait.
5. Chromosomes are found in a thread shape inside the nucleus.
6. Genetic traits are passed from parents to offspring through
chromosomes.

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7. A chromosome is made up of two chromatids connected at the

centromere.
8. The chromosome chemically consists of nucleic acid and a protein
known as histones.
9. DNA is made up of small units called nucleotides.

3 Give one example of each of the following:

1. A hereditary trait in humans (Eye colors – Hair colors)
2. An acquired trait in a horse (A horse jumping over obstacles)
3. A plant that can be obtained from chromosomes (Strawberry)
4. An instinctive behavior in a chicken (A chicken incubating its eggs)

4 Classify the following as hereditary traits, acquired traits, or

instinctive behaviors:
1. Reading and writing (Acquired traits)
2. The length of a giraffe’s neck (Hereditary traits)
3. The squirrel breaking the shell of a nut (Instinctive behaviors)
4. Learning to swim (Acquired traits)
5. The spider weaving its net (Instinctive behaviors)
6. The short legs of the Arctic fox (Hereditary traits)
7. Learning Hindi  (Acquired traits)
8. Birds incubating eggs (Instinctive behaviors)
9. Horses jumping hurdles (Acquired traits)
10. Facial freckles  (Hereditary traits)
11. Breastfeeding  (Instinctive behaviors)
12. Blood type (Hereditary traits)
13. The dolphin playing with a ball (Acquired traits)
14. The bat sleeping upside down (Instinctive behaviors)
15. Hair color (Hereditary traits)

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5 C
 ompare between:
1. Hereditary traits and acquired traits, in terms of: Definition – Examples
P.O.C Hereditary Traits Acquired Traits
They are traits that are not
They are traits inherited from parents, but are
transmitted from acquired
a. Definition
parents to offspring from the surrounding
without learning. environment through learning or
training.
- Eye colors - Learning languages
b. Examples
- Hair colors - Learning to walk

2. Acquired traits and instinctive behaviors, in terms of: Definition – Examples

P.O.C Acquired Traits Instinctive Behaviors
They are traits that are not
inherited from parents, but They are behaviors and
are acquired skills that are transmitted
a. Definition
from the surrounding from parents to
environment through offspring without learning.
learning or training
- A bat sleeping upside
- Learning languages
b. Examples down
- Learning to walk
- A bird building its nest

6 W
 hat is meant by each of the following?
1. Genetics
It is the science that studies the transmission of genetic traits from
parents to offspring.
2. Inherited traits
They are traits transmitted from parents to offspring without
learning.

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3. Instinctive behaviors
They are behaviors and skills that are transmitted from parents to
offspring without learning.
4. Acquired traits
They are traits that are not inherited from parents, but are acquired
from the surrounding environment through learning or training.
5. Chromosomes
They are thread-like bodies that represent the genetic material of
living organisms.
6. Centromere
It is a central point that connects the two chromatids of the
chromosome together.

7 G
 ive reasons for:
1. The genes found on a single chromosome are different.
Due to the difference in the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA.
2. DNA is known as a double helix.
Because the genes are arranged in the form of two strands twisted
around each other, forming double helix.
3. Smooth hair is considered a hereditary trait, while learning to swim is an
acquired trait.
Because smooth hair is a trait that is transmitted from parents to
offspring without learning, while learning to swim is not inherited
from parents, but is acquired from the surrounding environment
through learning or training.
4. A squirrel breaking a nut is considered an instinctive behavior.
Because it is a behavior that is transmitted from parents to offspring
without learning.
5. Mendel is considered the founder of genetics.
He concluded that each hereditary trait is controlled by a pair of
genetic factors, known as genes.

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2
8 C
 omplete the data on the drawing: 1

1. Centromere
2. Nucleus
3. Chromosomes
Animal cell
D
 etermine the location of number (3)
3
in bacteria and rabbits.
- In bacteria, chromosomes are found in the cytoplasm.
- In rabbits, chromosomes are found in the nucleus.

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