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The document discusses the concept of development, emphasizing its varying goals for individuals and nations, including economic growth and basic needs like education and health. It outlines national development through income comparisons, public facilities, and sustainable practices, while also introducing metrics such as per capita income, literacy rates, and the Human Development Index. Additionally, it highlights the importance of public facilities and health indicators like infant mortality and body mass index in assessing a country's development status.

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9 views3 pages

Eco 1 10

The document discusses the concept of development, emphasizing its varying goals for individuals and nations, including economic growth and basic needs like education and health. It outlines national development through income comparisons, public facilities, and sustainable practices, while also introducing metrics such as per capita income, literacy rates, and the Human Development Index. Additionally, it highlights the importance of public facilities and health indicators like infant mortality and body mass index in assessing a country's development status.

Uploaded by

uccshahabazkhan123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Social Science –

Economics Chapter – 1 Development


1. Introduction
● Developmental goals of any particular idea vary from person to person.
● Apart from personal development, we should definitely think of a
country's development.
● Development is defined as the people’s economic growth, along with the
growth of their basic needs like education, health, lifestyle, et

2. Income and other goals


● Money is considered to be the basic need of people and to fulfill their daily
requirements making money or income is very important.
● Money is required to buy materialistic things as well as freedom, security,
treatment, respect to maintain a quality lifestyle

3. National Development
● It is defined as a country’s ability to enhance the living standards of its
residents.
● Improvement in people’s living standards, providing basic things to citizens
like food, education, social service, medical aid, etc, and increase in per capita
income, is referred to as National development

4. How can you differentiate different countries or states?


● Income is a key feature to compare countries.
● Countries that have higher income are called developed countries and vice
versa.
● The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that country.
● National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s goods and
services produced in a year. As every country has a different population rate,
so National income cannot be considered to compare between different
countries.
● Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a country's
total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows the living standard
of the citizens of the country.
● The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income of the
country to the overall population of the country.

5. Public Facilities
● Public facilities play a major role in the development of the country.
● These are the facilities provided by the government like schools,
transportation, electricity, hospitals, residences, community halls, etc.
● These facilities are important as we cannot purchase every major facility.

6. Sustainable Development
● It is the development that meets all needs of today’s generation.
● It is the development of a nation without affecting the environment.
● To achieve sustainable development, we should use non-renewable
resources such as carbon-based fuel wisely.

7. Income and other criteria


● To achieve a goal, people earn more and want respect from others, the
security of their lives, and freedom.
● If we consider per capita in the country’s development, then Goa is the
most developed and Bihar is the least developed state in India.
● Net attendance ratio: defined as the total number of children, the age
group from 14 years attending the school from the total percentage of
children in the same age group.
● Literacy rate: it is the total number of people above 7 years who can write,
read and understand. If the literacy rate is high, then the state is considered
to be developed. Kerala has the highest literacy rate of 96.2% and Andhra
Pradesh has the lowest literacy rate of 66.4%.
● Infant mortality rate: it is the total number of children that die in one year
of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. It shows how efficient health
facilities are in any country. Kerala has the lowest infant mortality rate, that is
deaths per 1000 live births and Madhya Pradesh has the highest mortality
rate that is 48 per 1000 live births in India.

6. Human Development Index


● The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) prepares this Class X
Economics www.vedantu.com 3
● index, in which an annual report of human development is published every
year.
● The major parameters include per capita income, literacy rate, and
durability of a person’s life, which measure the countries’ development.
● Countries are marked as very high, high, medium, and low developed
countries respectively.

7. Body mass index (BMI) is measured to measure the adults who are
undernourished by calculating the weight of the person (kg) divided by the
square of the height. If the value is less than 18.5, the person is
undernourished and if it is more than 25, then the person is highly obese.

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