ai aula Mea cee \= lololole LTE i — eo | 1-2 “ ABC | ASB | AOBOC _ ooo] o Oo ool oO } o\o \ | Ole} 4 e ero} 1 | 1o3% 1 Oo 1 1O} 0 ° Wee } la) ~~ fa) At AS = ATBY=A (b) AB+AB’= A(B+B)=A (2) NBC AC = C(AB+A)=C (AFAY(B A) =G@tBdC (4) AB+ABC’+ABC = ABTAB(C40) = AR+ABR= S=B(AHDY = B rey (2) ABTACD+CD') = ABTAC (td) =A (Bt0) () Belz AD) (ABFeN) = =ABee’+ NABD+BeC'D'+ACDD =O oO ° o °y= (1B (ABS =O aN (by At AB +N@' = A+ A (BB!) = A+A = 1 6 F=xig + xy3" QD pre ( Oxy’) Ox'sy43) = APY AY 28373 = Ce Ken es fey Se ably ey 4 © ward oO ©) F PETITE RGD =7Y O¥S (G3) TH OEY NY Hy = gCragls grylat dail GAIA by Fe Hy Brey gt ey} OD01 5 %y— ootfT 34 T —_) | filo | RE ° 100; 0 po ° Fool ¢ fe Ue 11,0} 9 _ jttlyt (ce Fe 1393 yen @) Sane 2s f2) FBO GY 43745 [ Tla . a 00 . x — Od — 2x6 7 | a a ao : J . Ne ( [=] a A +: ==) a a bet uv Fy > | o tl ra = a S ae a o 8, a a ¥ a S £9 SI = + ~/Ef lad a == 0 0 (- |= | x a ~ a " JU J vu u = fo Ss <=J 1, < BH ie wv 5B D 4 AC Bibs A: Ac! + BO’+A8D! — D [oli |@ Sica D ee A's) (B+¢) (A'#8*D) 12 FS Hl & FE—— =o8 i = ae + OH ) Fe yy’ 4 w/e o 2 b= 6g 63) = xO@¥® 5 re) x —Y—, a8 Haat! 4b (WN | Po ° iL {CA} t Fo ky +XKa tt edt 47393 1-16 =) —J— XY 3) ABC itt | | il uy O06 lool rafal yp Ty 4 00! loro a : Olo}oii 3a 7 eae 011 100 . ee @ > roofort ARNG *YR F= 18405 101 {roo Oho} 1. poy fara x —f RIS es — th 7 3 c By inspectonI-/ Section 1-6 for derivation, ~ tp Fi = Dee XBexA | ae8 Clock (2) Present State“3 1 > remable & SW 2in ary Counle Flip-§ lop inp’ $2) (a) Iw 22 mts —2 pins each (5) Z-input %OR-3 pis each (2) 3-inprt OR - 4 pias (AY 4aupt And — 5 pins (2) 5- et MOR -6 ping $5 B-ungvt MAND —Goins (4) TK {hi-fhp — 6 pins each 12/2 = 6 gales 12/3 = gales each 12/4 = 3 gales R/F agales ia/b = 290s i gale 13/6 =2 FFs Th re 7404 7486 742} 74260 74329 FEIOT @) 1415S - Similar 6 fio decoders as in Fug 2-2, () 24/5 7- Stwilar te modtiplerers of Fig. 2S, (C) 74194 - Similar ie regislr of Fig. o-9, (4) 74163~ Similar te counter of Fig, a-yi, 2-3 Ko errs ee) \ 2 a A ate | p? 5 3 bt oxy }-—__, Ee ____| decoder 3, es | HEE 3% Ee dis Ltrs 33 |S 7 decoder Les Lob 3%8 | g > decode F-A—D, Dy, é ja decadey{ 7 —2-b g sdeteke” A-De Dis aeAy —}-——— SS) TL TT e—[ >= SE _» >: = Dz ————7-] Ds ——7—+} fo Di z—HESD—A DQ 4 ==> — [rE t > TE So 9A note) RACE FP op etaleay tell Ame Remove the luverler froin the (yr het “DE (xe noreea, AE E thpt in FG, 2aQ), 1S ail impos equal o orf only p=! ¢ the oulpts AA AEI00 Needs one. more. oulpyt fo feengnize the all, gers input Condition, 2x1] ey‘Parallel laad Clock | shr| + Re te Cloek pulses eyister x —| Fig.a-6 we a+ ‘A 34 es When the parallel \padl ints the elock polses ge throgh the AND gate and the data tnevts are loacled vale the rishi, When the parallel load input =O, the dufput of the AND gale Yemaing at O. 2210 The buffer gale does not perform bogie, It is usec] x signal amplification of the elock in put, 2- “PD ; ; bs 1 ———H | clea | : Lead clear D_ Operation One stage of O 0 Gey Nochange Rea sley Fig, o-7 OO! Oo Clear 160 dy |X Ip lead To Function table . 102-13 Serial transfer; One bit at a time by shift vg. Pavallel transfer: Al pits ar the Sane time, Tapeh eeyial data hy hittin duiovt dataiw para Trpot data with pat alte\ load ~ Dolpet data } by shifting, 2-14 ie > 0100 0010 aaa) Nel, w| So 7 a A 13 , ly Fig, ‘el 2 a FY. ea a A 4 ~ A e Fy ety 7 13 7 Br- s 8 lege FON tr 9 wl Ir clock ___1 Powar clear 216 (a4 5&4 2-17 Count ——__.p- += loge —p——] F193, a-10 cleal—}++>— st Clock eel 1.a z= Agler the count pC aches N12 1021 | goad - JL ae a the register loads 2000 ay pee from Wnputs, a— ene FY. ou lock 219 eaten aes hades Data Dannb=2" clo ee a (b) CHK BED! IG 16 8 () 16Mx32 2432 24 32 (Ch Aaya rina = wey An £20 (a) ak+a= 4K = 4096 bybs (S 64k» 1=b4K= 2'6 bybs (2 Xte 4 = 226 byes (4 2x3 = 27° bybs ee SEse 7 otra = 28s 64 chips 2-22 “SSS inpuls common & all | chips 7 inpuls 3 72 dal, gil +2 enable phr deh pubuls +2 for power = ot pins 12“TIO INO) = 3249442 =46 (INO 101), = 64 F324 Gt TS 7 (10 No 100). = 2564128432 4lo+4 =436 32 C21), = B44 2437+ 344 2134) = 8145449 Ho Harp 5/ ABO) c= 445° 4+ 3454 5 = son +5455 580 (S0), = S+7 =35 Pan CEUTA Cae eee ene G48S,0= 12 Gata B= Mts: g= 2 be 3-3 (1231),,= 1024+ laSréyrise2" aaah Srteast=(100 noon), (673) ip = S104 128 +32+| = 243% 241 = (10101000012 (1998), 971024 1512+ 25G4128 +6428 +4 42 = 24 24 28 + Mat tarromraly nooo), 3-4 (7562) (66/2) ¢ (1938) 9 = (792) 14 C759 = Corona 2s (F3BA7C2),, = (lM CoH 1010 O11 1100 C010) 5 = (74 723702)3 ~ 3-6 GAL 10x +31), alos) (0-8), = X76 18), x + (4O), * Therefore. } (0) = 3)j9 ea Also Gi), = 3413 +1 =(40),, (v=13) 132-7 fois) rete ih ee (Q Coootnoetont Smary : (B00 O11 O10 Ii Binary cocled octal ee oe ded } ! e (c) 0000 \104 Oi1| Binary coded nexadecrmal ° > 7 sy @) eoi0 o001 O1o1 Binary coded! decema' 5 : i a : Ss 3-8 (295),0= 25B43a+7 =(081 00111) @) 4200 L000 COD 0001 YLI10 O11) (b) 9000 0000 0000 9010 100: O10} (2) 1lONEC1O OdN1001 Cone ie) 3-10 FOUN DOE SH 7650122; 490198995 07990048 999794, 312 8761003 409343; 4o0000 ; 020000 5 3 213 OlOLO0OT; OpprirO; Ors WMO y visa O!010010) ella; 10900000; IWMI 4 0992900 3-14 @) 5250 (1753 (¢) O20 (4). 1200 ee pee wale 1 aq O3ITS 2420 ) 0750 D3Iar o 10's cowplenert ay ca 6337 -O' : 31S (a) (> © @ HO1O Wolo 000100 lojO100 +10000 0011 610000 O1Ol100 Noloro )otior YOrOIoo YOooDDDD + (26-16 = 10) (26-13=13) -10}100 (8#-84=0) (4-43= -44) 14O1orolo -42= 1012110 Gr42) e1o1010 G13) boi &29) 0011101 OQ1000110 01010000 DARI 1OO0}OFFO negative Aes 4127 a 3213 (2) 638) 9362 (+788) *o785 CTF) 0147 3-19 Mawt'ssa 26 bifs Lagestt FO eh 1-26 Smallest: O,1000...0 cwormalized ) pl 3-20 +13= 000110) =13= [11 005s —42) 1010110 C13) o00\101 ay Todor ote last Two canes} o -70 \O\N01IO 1LoNeeoo ~150 OllOlD10 i AL % less taan posiwe -1238 (C638) 9362 GES t3 (333) F177 Exponent : Sst 36 bits Se = +355 C-2 x2 = MAAN os -255- ~ 2 46.5 =32+8+4+2+05 =(loine, No Sign O SOINOlO00D 2000 24-bit mantissa, O00000\\0 CEES B-bit exponent (+6)&) Decimal Exes$3 Gra ~Q 010 10Vo 10 O\\o 1010 a 2 13 1 1s Io ie 16 19 ao —205000C00 OOOSHVEelgon0s 3-22. 3620 ( Bcd 1000 ONO C610 O060 (B) X83 101} 1001 O1OL OOll (Q2%ai 110 1100 Co10 Ooe0 (dy Bmaty 1000011910 1100 (Biqar2sh+/a8+3a75 +4) 3-23 Bed with Bed with Oo O 0000 10000 \ 1 9001 O00} - 2 10010 P0010 3 ooo 100!) 4 Tele oy ee) a ©0101 1010) 6 Bo |e 7 1 Owl ool 3 11000 ©1000 q O)001 11001 164d ** 483 Ase oOo oO ; __ (ABR=00 or )I 0001 Ob1D, Oi, \\Wo Ob 1m ferepperig 0070012 NOL Po) B=O1 10 O10, OM, 1000, ION Cy= 00x 11 r Jot ° Always odd wumber of 15 ao 3-26 Same as in Fu. 3-3 but witht the Cowplemented civeles jn the outputs af the gales Po AO YO 3 Ewor= X@yO3@ PpEy 3 g : So= T+Ts Lt s load = Tot T+ Tt T3 3 Ps Ri A B (@&s,) ~ Ao ° S—yheg ° Nee? B, RP 4 y, ° y r SH mux ° [- M——Ix, * a FA {2 Pe ax] 8, — ot Mux % CS ‘ q Sh" Co 21Y-16 4 x ie —s 7 ——50 471 Binary Mux = Valve of FE LB begun 4-I7 a ss _ AL S00 So | ‘. 8H o ael tf Fy} eI omux Ee j>»—— LD —? 4-18 (ay A=NO\oe1 A= 10001 > B= lOliolop® =. B=IIIot @R) A=A®B OTTOII O01 Hiliipot A©AVB 4-19 @) AR = IN e010, BREWIN \ AR = \W\V0001 BREN CRE Jontaar DRI WYO &) CR=l0lN001 BREWIN DR=WooID &) +s CR=[011D00 BR DEDD DDO AR= 1 600! DL=W1lo 010 (J Ar= uno eS CR= 1010] 000 Ae Zolop|001 5 BR= 00000000 ; CR =10/01@0 5 DK=Moj010 22K= 10011160 Pathwehe shift ogh HooINo , ae ane RBA dverf bu beeaue Avillwohe cheft let + gojo00 everf bu name negative number changed eget 15 Positive 4-21 ba logizal shift lef Civeular eh G61 logieal shits vight ~onrn Cirevlar sett lefts OlOMOD 4-22 Set Shift lefé AJA, An A3 IL He or ow” she left” 4-23 (2) Cannot covplemont and LL vegisléy at the sawe. time, (6) Camot Trane Cer Two differeyt values Ravd >) fo the same reg isler (RI at the same. time, (e) Cawnot Trans fer a new Value wl 3 tesisier (Pe) avd meremovt the orginal valve*by one. at the sawe time, - 23a 5 256K= 22 G4 =e (a Address: /F bils Regisler coder G bils Tinhveet ptt | bit ee , 2S 32-2557 bile pe apeode, @) no 6 18 232 bis [T [opcode | Ragisien | Access: | (€) Data 5 32 bids ; add fesg 1 15 hits, S-2 A divest add rose uslivelion needs tii referemes bb memory 3 U) Read indtruetion ; @) Read operand, An waivect adblvoss instruelion needs three refeenees to memory: U) Read istuetion , @Read effeelive addiess 3 (3)Read operand, @Hemory ead to bus ard load tf rR, Cee MCAR] (b) TR te bus aud losd te PCS PCH TR (©) Ae bus, wrile to memory, awl load to DR! pacte, M [ARV = Ac. (dy Add Pe (or nee) to he: ACe-AC+DR 4 ® @ SS So Load iv) eae Ber Q) Ako Pe O10 (Pe) AR - - es sl — (ec) MIARJeTe 11007) — Whit — dy dD \ 1 @) PECAE — 00 (te) Wad — KE 24(b) Ace AC+TR — Add operahon must be dove, DR, Travsfee TR t De first DReTR Ace AC TDR ays + addition 16 Warns Roast AC (aot 'DR), To save Value af AC ifs conlont must be storect fe porary iw DR @&TR), Ace de DReAt (See answer to Problem 5-4) > AC< he+ ve ACEDR, DRa Ae 5-6 (2) 2001 2000 9010 cl00 = (1024) 16 AyD. (2 AY) G Avy tovlent of MDoa¥] & AC (6) 40\1, 0001 0010 o100 = (B24), Y siq O26 a sloe Ae inMEmMLeey] STATI lad (©) 21! 0080 0010 000 = (7620).\% Reise Fecrewmant Re. ING ADD 02ay¥ all CLE Char E CME Cowplemext & 25QB C773 sc goes 5 O 5-4 Causing To =l _ a4 Pe AR re Ewitia! A937 02) = 0000 022 800 - 7300 2 A237 929. 400 T4D0 | 5603 022200 7200 0 A437 2x 00 Zoo DUIB par O¥0 — 7080_ _SA6F Oar. OY) 7040 4933 da2. G20 7020 A937_022_ 010 7/0 A937 023 008 70K _1 A937 022, OY Tne A937 022. 00) 7tt 197 02% Col 7d CLA LEE 26Bo er EE 2 800._ AE = EAN 3 EO 800 C35" EAQE iy 510 035 Fee EME Tr 800 0350000 ExIF 6 TBI €35 9900 EME —O 5-12 Hemory BAFT 93a E ) @ 4= (001), 1001 Bl App ADD I 3a Bat] o9 AT ®& Mel SR4P | AC=7EC3 7 . DR 8BIF a) A= 7EC3 ORGA (C) Pe = SAF += 3B0 Te> 9338 AR = VAC B=! DR= F84F fel Rez pAbra Sc = 0090DRe M(ar Ace Ac@?t DRe WEAR] DREAC , AC<-AC+DR Ac=ACtI ACeAC+DR, SC <_) 2 DRe MAR] MARE AC, ACEDR, See —O DR= MLARI TReAC, AC ACHDR T£ (At =0) then (Ree pari) AC#TR, ? 6ceO Tf (he=0 A AEUS) =0) then (PC AR), see 0 5-14 Cowerts the 15Z mstuchon from a memory fe fetereae ivslyuchon to a vegisler-re ference sitchen, The now instruction Tesz can be executed at time TZ instead of time Te) @ saving of 3 clock cycles, 28.(&) is } Pe Is ° AR 1s ° TR 3 re Memory 08 Code, Bh addiess Yo. addiess operand - He Bebits > a _ ; ARE MART | Freewte memory: ference 1 rslevelion Memory G4K +3 (he 3 Zaer! *f Aero) Ene(Pe) = R'T, + READ Zoe t PP a (FD) + PB (Fa0) +YBy (ACS) + 1B, 35 (ACs) + Ba Zan + 1B, E LD (Pe) = Dy ty + De Ts CLR (Pe) = RT The loge diagram is siwilar tothe one iw Fig, S16, get Wile = DT +e Gt +RT (MLAR 3x) 5-23 , © CexT +1) (LEN) (FGI TEGO) 1 Re | RT, f° R-O 31pty = (RERY TG tD5 = Tet De From Table 5-63 CLR (Sc°) = RI ADZTLAT) + (DBD, +d D) Te + (D34Dy) h +0, 7% = Dd + [ =p | 32 fosCHAPTER 6 AC Pe ER Olo CLA 0000 ON 7800 t ADD O16 =ciAS O12 1OlGe BON olf =CIAS O14 HOW HLT BIBY O14 700! } AND O17 BIBY os Ool7 oIs BUN O13 BIFY 9/3 4 O)3 Ole CIAS. DIT ances = 2 10 (cians), loo 500) \O Olo} AND G3C6), = 1001 ool Ned Ollo ee 1000 0601 1000 0100 =@IS4) Ge — Ac 100 5103 BSA 103 —_ 101-7200 CHA FRFE + Answer J02 7001 HLT 103 0000 5 l0le— Answer Jo¥ 7800 | [ara 0000 105 7020 eve 0601 106 ©1083 Bun 103 T 6-3 a er es A wore efficient compiler siil CLA ophimize the machine cede ag STA $uM }sun-2 follows? | po as | LDA A : SUM=SUN+AtB = ADD & Avo & | STA SUM STA suM } LDA c eda cy cHa CHA ae Ine .- DIF= DIF-¢ Add DIF ADD DIF STA DIF SrA DIF AbD suw LD UI Abe bie § son = somes Slate STA sum - 332 such as LDA Tots e-4 A itne Of Co iulerpveled by the assembler CFig, 6-2) a5 a tio symbol field with Tas the symbolic address A line of code such as: LDA IT is interpreted as a three symbol fielel, The first T is an address symbol and the seeond T as the Ineliroet Sit, Answer} s, 'tean be used for this assendler, asseinbler will not delet an ORG oF END if the ' Lets Line & the Clow chart of Fig, 3-7, ces 4 awry acre Such a label has no easing anal conshfules an error. T detect the error, modify the flow chart of Fig 6-1 / Wes Verroe message no STore Symbol werent LO 4-6 (2) memory — characters Hex binary word — a ~ . ' DE Y4US 0100 O00 0108 olo; a C space 4320 0100 ODi| 0010 O00 . 3 - 3 AD 33° G010 Nol Coll doi} 4 5S CR 35 OD 011 O10! 2000 01 (8) (35)ip = (000 c000 C010 2011) =35 > MI itl Mol iol = (FF DD), 34ioe 10D | Fey =@ we | 5), C8 | (23),,= (e000 ® Eo ORG 100 100 2io® LDA ADS Avs ior 310c STA PTR 0 oa oz 2100 LDA NBR pear a 3 E een 1OD FFAC NBR, ~ ip a ea cts joe 9000 CTR, HEXE ; I io UH, ¢ 105 0c Lop apd PIRT IPF oo ee ee 106 610C IszZ PTR pol lo7 GIOE sz CTR Iso 9048 DEc 150 108 410s BuN LOP 3 G B 109 3 10F STA SoH 183 0017 DEC 23 (oA 7001 HLT END 6-8 Modify fhw chart of Fy 671 Leer a, B58 10 2 Att store symbol nm 3° AR symbol fable YAS S Ath & ats 7 AFG g A+7 9 ATs 10 At? ait Le seb fen trample Same as Fy, 6-2, rawr ; Sean Ly ened next e te line, search symbol [for adress symbol | vse binaty equivalent cle bik 5-76 F>same as Fy 6-2 35f AN 4i 4D ie ic 4B a ANDI 2 D space 4420 CLA le A spree 41 20 L3 value 0000 [3 valve = 78 00 4 AD 4! 44 4 ek 43 40 ADD (2 D sxe uy 20 ue] E E space 45 20 LG Speer eseon) 1G value 74 60 ete, ete, o-l LOA B&B cna INC Ard A / Form AB SPA /skie i¢ Ac posite. BUN Nio 7A-8)<0, 90 to Nio SZA 7 Skip if AceO BUN N30 /@-8)>20, 92 fo N30 BUN N20 / (A-8)=0, 90 % N20 $=! The pregray counts the number of I's im the number stored wm location WRD, Since WRo = G21), = (Clio 0010 1100 ooory ie : number of I's @ASbY_ locations oO ey 100 ADS ere N@R : CTR /Anitiahze eounbr b -286 opiate PTR 1 /slore zero PTR CTR LoP S00 3° -256 °° A 7 Lozol_ muliip her Nze 7 Ts it 3er0 ? 7 Azo, produef=o m Ac. CTR / Shore -A in eovwler 7 Stacl with AC=O 8B 7 Adel multipheand cTR , Lop / Repeat Loop A times - 7 multiphiac an 7 woltiplicanal OF couster 37is execu, location The first 1 the prog CTR wil ge BY, the progtdm is exeevled again starting from location (no) _ location err will be imereraewted andl will not reach O uh it ts \nereventes! = 65,536 times, al which time it \| veaeh NBR, DEC -8 GTR, HEX O P, Hex O iv jocation XL. Will be shifted G-1b Mallipliand is inilrally ion left info XH (which “has zero inttally), The partial Produet will cowtath two locatvous PL awl PH Cinifially zero), Mulhiplier is iw location y, CTR==I6 Lop CLE : LDA same as beglmmg of cre Program iw Table 6-14 sTtA SLE BUN ONE Bun ZRO . ONE L oo NE, rae Me “| Povble-preeision adel STA PL CLA PeX+P ere Same ag pfogfam . App XH apD PH w Table 6-15 sTA PH CLE Couttnued ext. page 386-16 contrnuect ZRO, cision x47 XL msz ¢ Bun L HLT a > | Repeat 1% times 17 re waltiplier is negative, jake The 2's compiement of wolliplier and wultiplicand and then proceed as in Table G-14 (with @TR=-7), Flow- Chart : cheek sign of welhiplier 2's complement wultipher a's Complement mulfipheand Proceed as iv Table 6-14ADD AK ADD sTA CH ALT THP, HEx O add carry» To form a 2'S compleme BA+BL, & 15 complement vs formed and 1 adoled ay Thus, BL is complementeat aval inervemented ohike BH 1s ovly complenerted, Localiow THP saves ine carry from & while BH is comple mential, G-I49 3 xO 4 = ny'exg = Loy Oy Loa Y cHA AND * CHA TA TMP LpA xX cHA Poy cMA 6-20 LDA XxX cle eTL Sze BUN ONE spa BUN OVE BUN EXT ONE, SNA BUN OVE ExT, 4LT AND TMP CHA ath Z HLT 4 = iG _ > bp — 7 geo to low oveler bits sign bit in EHEX Os olitlerenca. Ene oa Ise 5 ADD SsvB TsZ sv& STA su& T I suB Bun svel 4 Calling Program peace) enor CMA BSA cMP nee Hex 100 /starlug adoless STA CTR DEC 32 /mmber of words Lop, LDA PTR I cHA eee eue sth PTR I cup, Hex © Tsz PTR LDA CMP rszcTR Se ak BuN LoOP Tsz CHP Tsz Cue LDA CMP IT PTR BUN CMP IT , CTR, _ G-23 cry, HEX Oo _! a ace y oi Yeo) woo 279C crR ! OO OI 16D1 4074 erkR . BUN CRET feet 6-24 LDA ADS BIN Lop STA PTR HLT pees ADS, HEx 4400 STA CTR 3 Loe Bsa ~IN2 [subroutine Table 6-20 ey te STA PTRI NBR, DEC —SIZ rsz PTR CTR, HEX O sz CTR ayLDA WRD AND MsI STA cH! LDA WD AND Ms2 Le BsA SR8 /sebroulne shift right tight Kmes |Inih om A fale memory by Load next dovble character from buffer] ito AC AND Ac with HEX DORE WRD, HEX — eu, Hex — CH2, HEX Ms\, HEX OOFF M52, Ex FEOO ae | Load dovble | character again Compare AC wi HE x OD00 ti compare AC with HEX oO00D 42Hex code. 3213 7080 3214 F200 4a0g Zoos Fs00 206 Fuoe 207 Bais 208 G2IS 2oy Froo Zon 420E 208 Aalb 20C F4bO0 20D Galb Zoe Aziy Zor .704o0 ZiO ARIZ Au FOgS0 Z2i~ Co00 213 0000 214 0000 2is 0000 Zlb “0900 6-28 SRV, STA SAC . CIR SRY, NAT, ExT, SAC SE, PT; PT2, STA SE MOD /cheel HOD LDA CHA s2A Skt BUN NXT INP ouT 6TA PTIT Tsz PTI BuN Nxt / HoD# all's Servite input Deviee BUN EXT / HOD#O 43 STA ere STA SKE RUN InP ouT STA sz SKO Bun LDA OuT ISsz LDA ere LDA Ion BUN sAC NXT PTi PT) IW EXT Pra I PT2 se sac ZRO T NXT, LDA MoD > SZA BuN EXT servi sKoO ouput | Bun EXT deviee LDA PTA T OuT Isz PT2 EXT, cowl nue. as wm Table 6-23; + 7 & wietoprocesses 1s a Small sige CPU (conpuler on 2.2) Microptogam isa Piogtam for a sequence ef mic fooperations, The confrol unit of a wiciopfocessor ean be hardwired or wmievo prog fammect, dépencting on the specific. design, A wicroprogtawmeal computer ches not have b be a -mlevo processor, 7-2 Tg Ly iow ae dere ot on heals + Hascwived contol, by ae flntiun, 40S nel canes a Control ynamory. Mcrpaperahou— an elementary digital compiler spetatin, Micvonstuction- an ingtruction A | | Yegsket aeecations Clock 1 —__1F an r Cloele 2 50n 50 SOns Sons Sons chek | ° chek a | Frequency of each clock = = 1000 gb 10 Hits 7 . 00 x10 4 700 If the data register is Yemoved, we can vse a Single. phase. elek with a freqveney of na = hl Mi 44Cewlrol memory = 2° 24 © ec , fy 1a bite (9 12 wlhplexers, each of size 4-1 Ime, I (aA 0001060 =3 () O101l0g «= 44 (Cc) 01}NOO =60 7-3 s _ ap code. 6.its ARK KH) contvol memory OOK x REX ly oO ada (ess 21) he a 1-4 a —— up's jem EF = Ro culls cae ; The ROM ean be prograwmed to provide any dlesived addvecs fr a given impel, ftom the ™ drvetou, Lie Either mulliplexeve, three-state gates, eee : logic (equivalent t a mux) ate needed fo Transfer iv form ation from many Sources to acommon deshinaton, 45zit Fl Fa F3 (2) ON No oO McAC "NeBR Hof (6) 060 100 10! wor READ IN {c) 100 [ol 000 DETAC ACTOR «NOP Lie Binar (a) READ Dee M[ARI 06 10018) ~“peThe ACE DR (& aeTDR DRE AL 200 100 10) Deore An e-dO wes ae Wess ¢ F2=110 . (QAaRTPC PC AR : cppoce bles. DRTAC AceDR FI=I0O mee WRITE MCARISDA FI=IhI Sse Blea. : or sheets TE T=O, the operand is Yeadl in the first meroinsleetion awd adoled b AC inthe second, Tf T=1, the effechye addrese 1s fead thle DR And towtro\ goes b iNDEZ, The subroutine must read the apetanel ub DR INDR2: DRTAR U TMP NEXT READ U RET. ~~ LY ~ (@) Brawch if S=0 and Z+0 (posilve and Ton 2&0 Ac) -See last insluehou in Problaw 716, 1200000 ‘L (©) 40 000 000 000 10 00 1000 000 “Alt H 00 000 000 000 42: ©f0 00 %0 43; 000 900 110 46 ol ol 00 00 1000011 1000000ADD, & SN Ze. Yme, < NwWE With a IMP CALL Ret MAP clues not felucm to 61, él MDRET FETCH 63 (VEXT) 60 ic af the Cannot ead avd writs af the sane hime, The CALL behaves as a TMP Since there Is no velory tow FETCH, 62: Cannot add ava cubliact at he same tive, The RET will be exeevted mclependeut of S. 632 The MAP 1s exeevbed! inespeehie of Zw 60, lo ORG 16 AND. .. NOP I CALL INDReT READ UoIMP NEXT ANDOPS AND U TMP FETCH ORG 20 SUB+ NOP T CALL. INDRET READ =U TMP ERT SuB vb MP Fert ORG 24 - ADM! NOP ee CALE ern Deca READ Uo omp NEXT DRTAC, ACR U osmp NEXT Avp U TMP EXCHANGE +2 47 (Table 7-2)TARE T Chee u THe NET DRTAc, ACTOR Uo TMP NEXT. CoM © DB THe ANDOP : eo BZt Nar Zz MP ZERO fa Uo sup FETCH ZERO: Nor r CALL INDReT ART ec Uo gmp FETCH ORG 36 SEQ!) NOP tr CALL O/NDROT READ Dd Me NEXT DRTAC, ACTDR UMP NEYT xor (8) Vo gMP BEAL ORG 69 Beals Derac, AcTDR Z TMP EQUAL NoP D IMP FETCH EQUAL? rne Pe D we FETCH DRG 40 ; Benz: NOP S IMP ‘FETE nop Z IMP Fete NoP To GALL UNDRET ARTPC 3 gp FETCH 48Nop READ he 1 CALL INDRET u SMP NEXT FNC DR Uo TMP NEXT Dera, AcToR Uo rMP MBaT (o p23t DaTAe, AeToR 2 TMP ZERO 7 WRITE uv IMP FETCH ZEROS weite, mere U TMP KETeH 7-l2 BOAT NOP i CALL ANDRET PCTDR, ARTPe UO IMP NEXT WRITE, /NePe U IMP FETCH 1-19 From Table 7-14 F3= 1016) Pee Perl F3=\W0() Pca AR FROM > as F3 “ait 6 load f° F3 pvippt & Pa 4 Trerenent lock 7-20 "A field of 5 bite tan specify 21 = 31 wicroopetaton A field of 4 bits can speaty at) =15 metaphor, G ab WES vatronpetations TaN . . ~~ See. Fy. $-2 (Ly for covivol word example, @ ie registers need this ALU weal 5 bh, andl the shifhey need 3 bits, fo encode all operahons, 44 4g S 3 =a0 bik bial SRei | Skea] DEST | ALU] shFry (c) RS Re RY ADD suit 701| A10| 8100] 20100), opp | RU RStRE 49CO1lo C102) Cleo. OO eo 210010 0101 10 Oro fi Ol al 1900 !o0 nov lo Ore’ U ‘ori jd 1156 46 troy 1110 ? oF So “LEAH IATL TH aT 1-23 \ L= 33,47 (a) See Fig. 4-8 (chaplr 4) i D , () fer ° At ho ee [ a 9 [ee hae. WA | a] HAO Lo t | es b, _ 4 S ‘So o 7-24 Pis used t delernire For 7 the polarity of the | [AP ADA logy. Selecked satu. bit > when P= 0, TG beeavse G@p = 6. When P= \, TS 7 fecavse GODI=G whey G is the value of the seleted bit | In MUX2 50(> 32 wolfiplexers, each of aise bx I, ( ypu each ly seleet one of 16 tegishrs, () 4-b-16- line decoder (d) an+an41 = 65 cate iwpt Ives Ba+i=3a data oulpet fis (é) of 4 é ‘& le & SELA 82 ~ B0+ 80+ 10 = 120 Nee, (the deeoder signals propagate at the same as the moxsy tise) SEtA SELR Serb OPR @ RH RARE R2 3 1 App () Rue Rh RY — RY ConA (c) RS OPR (2 00: P10 Ct O0101 (>) 009 000 060 Db0b0 (€) 010 010 910 olI0 (ce) 000 Col 000 ot0I0 Govtiol ward O10 61 00! poole 160 xxx 100 OO 1O1 wx 101 BONO opl xxx 110 10D 200 xxx |) C090 Aiavopesalion RI R2 RS SUR R3&RI-RD ypit Trpit Vore tara Cipuke-Iy pe Ro RR Ry YOR Rare RR Tipit Ri None, Abo “DprteTyputee) (eI 100 ON 10000 RT KY RB SHRA R3<-shrR7 3-5 @) Stack full with GY ifems, (4) Stack empty.DBR fusH + Mts SP e- 56-1 Pop : SPe-sPrl >Re mise] 20 8-7 (@) ABx CD*® EF x ++ (6) AB* ABD«xCER+ e+ () FG +E* CDe+BxAt @ ACCDE+ ate FSH + eS 8-3 (a) A “Diet (b) A+ - AL = (Ore —D tO (Crear +Deced 84, “—~ Get) [to (are) +8] = RINT B4UFQE+ 10% S4+'% 6 a 8 1 2] BT Ble | 7, 7. 6 y = sea feu led [rd 34 Fa 71717( 7] 716. ae + 10% + a Hemory way wrap-arond LIE write (of rat fubl) + "ead! fie O : Mfwe] 2 R J} 7 Wee Wer! Dake 5 Aste Act t+] > 7 Rens s (ef vot ent wily) ae tr Ree Ren Euphy ef Lt [abh's meee St hse | o's Full [7 522% ast combinations 256-250 =H Combinations can be used Lor ove alors Tien] *& patltess tu Maxima wuwber of ane aololiese insirve lon : Bx A= ot4o76 8-12 (A) RIN: KAB-C+DERF-*GHK et/ = BIZ ; =9! aollress = 18 bil ase K = 2% a Mate ='3 I a So aT bk s é 7§ +32 OP a 3-14 ° 7 Effechve adllyess, [Pe] whopende He (diet: z=y¥ bearer) (Otndivcet: z=MLYI (c) Relatve: z= yrwra - . zp eperand| () Twclered : 2= y+X ; BIS (a) Relative address = s00-751=—aS| (») asl= OOOOINO I; —AS!= NNQ0000101 (ce) Pe=751= 0010; S00= 60011111 2/00 Pe= 751 > ODIO NIOIN RA=-as} =1111100000i01 EA= 500 =000' HLIIOO 53QA memory referers, f The address pet of the neexed node 313 Effeclve acess (@piet 1 400 ( Iumediale : 301 (¢) Relate : 302+400= 702 (A)Re9, Irditeet + 200 (©) Indexed : 300+400 = 600 ¥19 ye gat jet 9 Rowet witval eacry GE cs so 7A 13. 5S 68 BF BA TS ER TT Add wl cary 3-20 1O0\V100 ayy !o011106 lOd11100 101010108" yop o*® ioro10 10 %8 10001006 ino Oppo 8-2) @ AND wth? ovoobd—orrtiit1 | (sy 0R with + oepoo—p0 INI EI (2) XOR wilh 2 B0001IN TIL O0B0 54P OUNOIE «4 Re OGIO) HMOiW0 SHRA! OOIlII OL SHLAL HNO 110 (Overflow ROR: 10111101 ROL! lilleiro ROEC IOvllpor thiorid '83- Gi16i bbs) =-BS= ICI Ci +68= 01000100 -63=10111100 omar tiea (4) -83 101001 (By Leg oe 168 “o1to0100 —=g3 “01D 110 1S. 1110001 -75) OT 0nOOF Tn2"s congle . 133 (overflow ) el (¢) -68 = loll oo (4) -8a=‘ero1101 -34 = Homo -166A# C1011010 overflows 3-24 ss SIMD _ ¢ Zo ORAS Fi Fs Ey = (oth tt ty gra) B25, (a) 72 O1l OC10 (b) 72 “o1lloo1o C6 11000110 JE 200!) 110 138 6011 1056 Go 10D! 0060 C=) S$=O0 2-0 VO ¢s0 $=! Z=0 v=! (©) Mz, toot 1010 33, (4) 7a Or10010 “Onoo110 "8B 10001100 72 ONlOC1D 20 30000000 DS 11011006 C=0 S=0 z=4 V=0 C=0 $=] 220 v=! (2) CBoprus =) C50 $=0 z=] V=a0 55If A® Inpli2s AZB but not As® (s@y)=0 and z=0 Agpm Twelieg A6B or A=B SOve=l 4 Zeal $-28 eff co Clete Zz ) 4 oe Se i rp C=? ase A la7 vel (overflow) 65> -124 APR (C) BGT, 868, ene oe 5-32 Pe SP Heol Stack Laitial ‘Wa0° 3380 B3ap After CALL 6720 3559, Ham After RETURN Na 3569 S320velow~ Blanch w Bra ubvotine edil - Braneh te subreviine and then chica te calling Program, , 4 fl Sp n ‘i Pro3cam inkervopt ~ Hardware inttvaled branch will possibility & return, 23 See See, 37 vndey "Tes of Tolerph" - @) spe se (b> Poe mised MfsP\e Psw SP e-Sptj SP a SP] psw Qe gy} Riis loadediwe st T's too early To sncreweut bm A 9-13 Insert a Noe inshuehon between the tio instrvetions tm the txawmple of Problow Q-ia (2 bove), 62q-t4 a yor Add Rat RB PAE 1o2 Gravcht lov DAE | 103 LIunerement Ry - Vy lo4 Store Ri ras G15 Vee enamele. of Prablew Alt. 10) Beaveh te 105 pa Adal Ra te RB 193 No-opevation ft 3 AS ITA ils vant (05 stwe Ri) Hee mele in AE Ele ry There are Yo prodvet frms in each tnner prooliet, 4072 1,600 iwner products must be eva Ivaled, one foreach element of the prodvet w atte'y , (6) 40%— 64 000 a 3+60>4=72 clock eyeles for each inner product’, There are, 69% 3400 inner product, , Produet malniz fakes 3400%72.= 959,200 cheb eyehs & evaluate, G18 mewory artay | we adldiessiss OY 8 19, +, 1020, Attayall 54 3 vy Wal) Mray 3; a, b 101, Mba, Atay 4537 Mo, 0393, 419 04 _- ZED DT = 2,500 see = 4167 mines 100 * 108 20 . Divide the 400 opetahione wlo each of the four Proce ( oy? tessers, Processing time Ly } 2.49 = 4, 000 nse. Using a single pipeline, proebssing hie k= 4bbnlb= {U0 NS. 63