MCMT51112/MMEC51108 - Matrices: Tutorial Questions

1. Given the matrices A, B, C, E and F

       
3 5 2 1 −4 2 3   x
A= 1 3 0
  , B= 1 2 4 , C = −5
   E= 1 2 3 , F = y 

1 4 −1 1 3 3 2 z

Find

(a) 3A − 2B
(b) AB.
(c) BA.
(d) A2 .
(e) AF
(f) 2CE − 4AB.
(g) Explain why product BE doesn’t exist.
(h) Explain why product (AB)E doesn’t exist.
   
1 0 2 −11 2 2
2. Show that A =  2 −1 3  and B =  −4 0 1  are inverses.
4 1 8 6 −1 −1
3. Given the matrices A, B and C
   
  1 −4 2 0 1 2
3 −5
A= , B =  1 2 4  , E =  −1 0 3 
−1 3
1 3 3 −2 −3 0

(a) Find all minors and cofactors of the matrix A.

(b) Find the minor matrix M (matrix of minors) and the cofactor matrix C (matrix of cofactors)
of the matrix A.
(c) Find all minors and cofactors of the matrix B.
(d) Find the minor matrix M (matrix of minors) and the cofactor matrix C (matrix of cofactors)
of the matrix B.
(e) Find the minor matrix M (matrix of minors) and the cofactor matrix C (matrix of cofactors)
of the matrix E.
(f) Find the adjoint of matrix A.
(g) Find the adjoint of matrix B.
(h) Find the adjoint of matrix E.
(i) For each of the following matrices A, B and E, determine whether it is invertible (if the
inverse matrix exists), and if so, then find the inverse matrix.

4. Given the matrices A, B and C

 
    0 0 0
0 −5 1 2
A= , B= , E =  −1 0 3 
6 −1 1 4
−2 −3 0

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 (a) Find all minors and cofactors of the matrix A.
(b) Find the minor matrix M (matrix of minors) and the cofactor matrix C (matrix of cofactors)
of the matrix A.
(c) Find all minors and cofactors of the matrix B.
(d) Find the minor matrix M (matrix of minors) and the cofactor matrix C (matrix of cofactors)
of the matrix B.
(e) Find the minor matrix M (matrix of minors) and the cofactor matrix C (matrix of cofactors)
of the matrix E.
(f) Find the adjoint of matrix A.
(g) Find the adjoint of matrix B.
(h) Find the adjoint of matrix E.
(i) For each of the following matrices A, B and E, determine whether it is invertible (if the
inverse matrix exists), and if so, then find the inverse matrix.

5.

Definition 1. A matrix A is symmetric if A = AT .

Determine
 whether ornot the 
following matrices

5 −7 1 0 4 −3  
0 0 0
A = −7 8
 2  , B = −4 0
 5  , C= are symmetric.
0 0 0
1 2 −4 3 −5 0

6. A firm has three factories (F1, F2, F3) and four warehouses (W1, W2, W3, W4). It wants to
find the minimum per unit transport cost from each factory to each warehouse. Given the cost
data in matrix form
W arehouses
W1 W2 W3 W4
F 1 15 17 20 12 .
F actories F 2 21 10 17 19
F 3 10 27 18 16
Find the minimum as well as maximum unit cost for each factory to transport its product to
warehouses.

7. For two different products, the sales quantities for each month are given below:

• Product A: Jan: 120 units, Feb: 150 units, Mar: 110 units, Apr: 130 units, May: 140 units,
Jun: 160 units.
• Product B: Jan: 90 units, Feb: 100 units, Mar: 80 units, Apr: 95 units, May: 110 units,
Jun: 120 units.

Transform this sales data into a matrix.

8. A company operates in three regions - North, South, and West. The quarterly sales revenue (in
million rands) for the past year is given below:

• North: Q1: 20, Q2: 18, Q3: 22, Q4: 25.

• South: Q1: 15, Q2: 20, Q3: 18, Q4: 23.
• West: Q1: 25, Q2: 23, Q3: 20, Q4: 28.

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 Type of vehicle Labour (hrs) Materials (units) Subcontracted Work (units)

A 40 100 50

B 80 150 80

C 100 250 100

Create a matrix to represent the quarterly sales revenue for each region.

9. The total cost of manufacturing three types of motor vehicles is given as follows
Labour costs R3000 per hour, units of material cost R1500 each and a unit of subcontracted
work costs R4500 per unit. Find the total cost of manufacturing 3000, 2000, and 1000 vehicles
of type A, type B and type C cars respectively using matrices.

10. We assume that in a village there is a farmer, carpenter, and a tailor, who provide the three
essential goods: food, shelter, and clothing. Suppose the farmer himself consumes 40% of the
food he produces, and gives 40% to the carpenter, and 20% to the tailor. 30% of the carpenter’s
production is consumed by himself, 40% by the farmer, and 30% by the carpenter. 50% of the
tailor’s production is used by himself, 30% by the farmer, and 20% by the tailor. Write the
matrix that describes this model.

11. Suppose that a certain diet calls for 7 units of fat, 9 units of protein, and 16 units of carbohydrates
for the main meal, and suppose that an individual has three possible foods to choose from to
meet these requirements:

• Food 1: Each gram contains 2 units of fat, 2 units of protein, and 4 units of carbohydrates.
• Food 2: Each gram contains 3 units of fat, 1 unit of protein, and 2 units of carbohydrates.
• Food 3: Each gram contains 1 unit of fat, 3 units of protein, and 5 units of carbohydrates.

Let x, y, and z denote the number of grams of the first, second, and third foods that the dieter
will consume at the main meal. Find (but do not solve) a linear system in x, y, and z whose
solution tells how many grams of each food must be consumed to meet the diet requirements.

12. Solve the following linear system

2x + y + 3z = 1
5x + y − 2z = 8
x − y − 9z = 5

using

(a) Inverse method.

(b) Gaussian elimination.
(c) Cramer’s rule.

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13. Solve the following linear system

y + 3z = 4
5x + y − 2z = 4
x − y − 9z = −9

using

(a) Inverse method.

(b) Gaussian elimination.
(c) Cramer’s rule.

14. A gift shop has helium-filled ballons for all occasions priced according to size: small, medimu
and large. Kagisho spent R170 for four small balloons, two medium balloons, and one large
ballon. It cost Bongani R220 for six small, one medium and two large ballons. For R250, Zweli
got four small, three medium, and two large balloons. How much did Senzo pay for three of each
size?

15. Consider a two commodity (x and y) market model given by

Demand Equations:

Dx = 11 − 2Px + Py
Dy = 8 + Px − Py

Supply Equations:

Sx = 1 + 3Px
Sy = 6 + Py

where Dx quantity demanded for x, Dy quantity demanded for y, Sx quantity supplied of x, Sy

quantity supplied of y, Px price of x and Py price of y.

(a) Find the equilibrium condition for x (HINT: Dx = Sx ).

(b) Find the equilibrium condition for y.
(c) Write the equilibrimum conditions for x and y in matrix form.
(d) Solve the linear system in (c) using any method of your choice.

16. Given a two goods market model:

Dx = 25 − 2Px + Py Dy = 20 + 2Px − 2Py

Sx = −5 + 4Px Sy = −10 + 5Py
Dx = S x Dy = Sy

Find the equilibrium prices Px and Py using Cramer’s rule.