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Power Electronics Application in Electric Vehicles

The document discusses the application of power electronics in electric vehicles (EVs), highlighting their environmental benefits, performance advantages, and energy security. It covers key components such as batteries, motors, and charging systems, as well as advanced features like regenerative braking and surveillance systems. Future work includes enhancing powertrain efficiency, integrating renewable energy sources, and improving fault diagnosis capabilities.

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tomkhrzy
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18 views40 pages

Power Electronics Application in Electric Vehicles

The document discusses the application of power electronics in electric vehicles (EVs), highlighting their environmental benefits, performance advantages, and energy security. It covers key components such as batteries, motors, and charging systems, as well as advanced features like regenerative braking and surveillance systems. Future work includes enhancing powertrain efficiency, integrating renewable energy sources, and improving fault diagnosis capabilities.

Uploaded by

tomkhrzy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power Electronics Application in

Electric Vehicles

Submitted by Eng. Ahmed Eldasoki


1. Introduction
2. Electric vehicles
3. Vehicle CPU & DC-DC Converters
4. Battery Management Systems
INDEX 5. Motor Drive
6. Regenerative Braking Systems
7. Surveillance and Protection Systems
8. Future Works
INTRODUCTION
Environmental Impact:
EVs have zero direct emissions,
significantly reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and
air pollution compared to ICE
vehicles.

Performance:
EVs can often provide a
smoother and more responsive
driving experience than
traditional vehicles.

Energy Security:
EVs can reduce dependence on
imported fossil fuels and
promote energy independence.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Components of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain

Battery Surveillance & Protection Vehicle CPU


The battery is the heart of an EV, - surveillance monitors critical the brain of the vehicle, managing
storing energy and providing power to systems like battery status and controlling various systems like
the electric motor. - protection ensures safety by driver assistance.
preventing faults

Inverter Electric Motor Charger


It controls the speed, torque, and The electric motor converts The charger allows the EV to be
direction of the motor for optimal electrical energy into mechanical recharged from an external power
performance. energy to drive the wheels. source.
TYPES OF EV
Roughly speaking, there are three types of
electrically propelled vehicles but often
times fuel cells can be added to them, so
EVs can be distinguished as:
• Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
• Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
• Battery Electric vehicle (BEV)
• Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle(FCEV)
CHARGING PORT&
ON-BOARD CHARGER

- Charging Port:
The interface that connects an electric vehicle
(EV) to an external power supply for charging
the battery.

- On-Board Charger (OBC):


Converts AC power from the charging port to
DC power to charge the vehicle's battery while
managing charging voltage and current.
VEHICLE CPU &
DC-DC CONVERTERS
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE
MICROCONTROLLERS AND POWER ELECTRONICS FOR
CONTROLLING THE ELECTRIC MOTOR
DC-DC CONVERTERS
BATTERY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
CELL SUPERVISOR UNIT (CSU)
TRADITIONAL VS. INTELLIGENT BATTERY JUNCTION BOX (BJB)
BATTERY CONTROL UNIT(BCU)
MOTOR DRIVE
THREE PHASE AC INDUCTION MOTOR
(SCIM)
The most famous motor in the industrial world because of
its good precedent in terms of simplicity of design and
strong performance compared to a lower price than
others.

- Scalar Control (V/f Control): Simple, but less efficient at low


speeds.
- Vector Control (FOC): High efficiency, precise torque control,
and good performance at low speeds.

- The control algorithm is designed by aligning the stator current


with a rotating reference frame (based on the rotor flux) to
decouple the flux and torque control.
- The flux is induced by the stator current, and the rotor speed is
estimated for accurate control.
- Rotor flux estimation by additional algorithms for rotor flux
estimation.
PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR (PMSM)

- The additional reluctance torque appearing,


enhancing the overall torque output
- Field weakening capabilities is allowable,
The most widely used motor in electric cars and buses of all enabling the motor to operate efficiently over a
major companies. broader speed range
INTERIOR PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
(IPMSMS) CONSTRAINTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
CONTROL METHODS

- field oriented control (FOC) enhanced with maximum


torque per ampere (MTPA)
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF FIELD
ORIENTATED CONTROL
POWER CONVERTER
CIRCUIT

1- 3-Phase Rectifier
2- Smoothing Capacitor
3- Regenerative Braking
4- 3-Phase Inverter
5- Protection
CONTROL SYSTEM
OF MATLAB
SIMULATION

As can be seen the


simulation is divided into
4 main parts:
• Motor
• Inverter
• FOC
• measurements
EXPERIMENTAL
PROTOTYPE
SYSTEM MODEL
System components:
• 1-three-phase IPMSM
• 2-power converter
• 3-gate drive circuits
• 4-DSP (control unit)
• 5-interface circuits
• 6-encoder
• 7-current sensors
The Interior Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor
(IPMSM)
• The motor characteristics are:
• - ω=1500 rpm
• - P=1200 watts
• - T=6.5 Nm
• - I=10 A
• - V=200 v
FINAL SYSTEM MODEL
REGENERATIVE
BRAKING SYSTEMS
CONVENTIONAL BRAKING SYSTEM
REGENERATIVE BRAKING SYSTEM
SURVEILLANCE AND
PROTECTION SYSTEMS
SURVEILLANCE AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS
Safety& Security
- Overcharge/Over discharge Protection
- Anti-theft Systems
- Intrusion Detection
- Motor Protection

Optimal performance
- Regenerative Braking Management
- Pedestrian Detection

Monitoring & Assistant


- Temperature Monitoring
- Controller Monitoring
- Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)
BRUSHLESS DC MOTORS (BLDC)
It is considered as the smallest hand inside the
vehicle.

Powering Auxiliary Systems:

- commonly used to drive non-traction systems in


EVs, such as cooling fans, air conditioning
compressors, pumps, and power steering.

- Brushless motors allow for precise speed and


torque control, which is critical for these
auxiliary applications.
FUTURE WORKS
Increasing Powertrains and Energy Efficiency:
- Next-Generation Motors and Developments in brushless and synchronous motors.
- Regenerative Braking Optimization

Integration with Renewable Energy


- Solar-Powered Evs providing supplemental energy for driving or charging.
- Special Renewable Energy Charging Stations

Fault Diagnosis Analysis


- Self-test, Emergency safe operation and troubleshooting
THANK YOU
A&Q

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