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DBMS Practical Lab File

The document provides an overview of Oracle Corporation, detailing its history, growth, and recent developments, including the launch of Oracle Cloud and the latest database version, Oracle 21c. It outlines the installation steps for Oracle Database 11g and includes practical exercises on creating an Entity-Relationship Diagram for a Hospital Management System and implementing DDL and DML commands in SQL. The document serves as a guide for understanding database installation and management processes.

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12 views9 pages

DBMS Practical Lab File

The document provides an overview of Oracle Corporation, detailing its history, growth, and recent developments, including the launch of Oracle Cloud and the latest database version, Oracle 21c. It outlines the installation steps for Oracle Database 11g and includes practical exercises on creating an Entity-Relationship Diagram for a Hospital Management System and implementing DDL and DML commands in SQL. The document serves as a guide for understanding database installation and management processes.

Uploaded by

ashborntyagi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical: 1

Installing ORACLE/ MYSQL/NOSQL


Introduction:
Oracle Corporation is a leading global technology company specializing in database software,
cloud-engineered systems, and enterprise software products. Headquartered in Austin, Texas,
it is best known for its Oracle Database, a dominant relational database management system
(RDBMS).
Brief History:
1. Founding and Early Years (1977-1980s):
i. 1977: Founded as Software Development Laboratories (SDL) by Larry Ellison, Bob
Miner, and Ed Oates.
ii. 1979: Released Oracle Version 2, the first commercial SQL relational database.
iii. 1982: Renamed to Oracle Systems Corporation.

2. Growth and Expansion (1980s-1990s):


i. 1986: Went public on NASDAQ.
ii. 1992: Launched Oracle 7 with stored procedures and triggers.

3. Diversification and Acquisitions (2000s):


i. 2004: Acquired PeopleSoft.
ii. 2005: Acquired Siebel Systems.
iii. 2009: Acquired Sun Microsystems, including Java and Solaris.

4. Cloud Era and Recent Developments (2010s-Present):


i. 2010: Introduced Oracle Exadata.
ii. 2014: Launched Oracle Cloud.
iii. 2020: Moved headquarters to Austin, Texas.

Latest version
Latest version of oracle database is oracle database 21c which is the 21.1.0 which was released
on December 2020(cloud), august 2021(Linux).
Installation steps of oracle (oracle version used is oracle 11g):
Downloading the installation files
Step 1: Go to oracle.com and Click on Options menu.

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Fig. 1: Oracle.com Interface
Step 2: Click the Download Button and Scroll Down to Database Section.

Fig. 2: Database downloads page


Step 3: Click Database 11g Enterprise/Standard Editions, after which you’ll find different
versions of Oracle for different OS. Download the Files according to your OS.

Fig. 3: Downloads Page

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Step 4: After Clicking the Download Button, the page will be directed to Login Screen where
you’ll need to Sign in Oracle Account. If you don’t have one, then you must Sign Up, because
without that you won’t be able to download the Files.

Fig. 4: Signup Page


Step 5: Repeat the same steps for both the Files and Download them.
After downloading the files Successfully, you’ll find both Files in Downloads Folder where
both of them will be in Compressed Form, so you’ll need to Extract them.

Fig. 5: Downloaded Files in Zip Format

Installation of Oracle Database


Step 1: Go to Main Database Folder where you’ll find Setup. Right click the setup.exe file
and choose Run as Administrator.

Fig. 6: Downloaded Files

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Step 2: Click Yes to continue. This will start Oracle Universal Installer.

Fig. 7: Dialog Box for Installation

Step 3: Select any of the three different Installation Options according to your needs.

Fig. 8: Installing Options


Option 1 – If you want to Install Oracle Server Software and want to Create Database also.
Option 2 – If you want to Install Oracle Server only.
Option 3 – If you want to Upgrade your Existing Database.

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Practical No – 2

Creating Entity-Relationship Diagram using case tools with Identifying


(entities, attributes, keys and relationships between entities, cardinalities,
generalization, specialization etc.)

Entity-Relationship Diagram of Hospital Management System :

Step 1 :- Identify all the entities


1. Patient
2. Employee
3. Doctor
4. Nurse
5. Room
6. Receptionist
7. Test Report
8. Bill
9. Records

Step 2 :- Identify the relationship


1. Patient – Doctor Relationship
• A patient can have a relationship with one or more doctors for consultations or
treatments.
• A doctor have multiple patients.
2. Nurse – Rooms Relationship
• A nurse can be assigned to one or more rooms during their shift.
• A room can have multiple nurse assigned to it over different shifts.
3.Patient – Bills Relationship
• One patient can have multiple bills.
• One bill is associated with only one patient.

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4.Patient – Test Report Relationship
• One patient can have multiple test reports.
• One test report is associated with only one patient.
5. Rooms – Patient Relationship
• One room can accommodate multiple patients over time.
• One patient occupies one room at a time.

Step 3 :- Identify the key attributes


1.Patient : Patient_ID
2.Emloyee : Employee_ID
3.Doctor : Doctor_ID
4.Nurse : Nurse_ID
5.Receptionist : Receptionist_ID
6.Room : Room_ID
7.Test Report : Report_ID, Patient_ID
8.Bill : Bill_ID, Patient_ID
9.Records : Record_No.

Step 4:- Identify other relevant attributes


1.Patient : Name, Gender, Age, Mobile Number
2.Employee : Name, Gender, Salary, Address, City
3.Doctor : Department, Qualification
4.Nurse : Name, Gender, Salary, Address, City
5.Room : Type, Capacity, Availability
6.Receptionist : Name, Gender, Salary, Address, City
7.Test Report : Test Type, Result
8.Bill : Amount
9.Records : Appointmen

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Practical No. 3

I.Implement DDL commands –Create, Alter, Drop etc.


Data Definition Language
Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL (Structured Query Language) used to
define and manage the structure of a relational database. DDL commands are crucial for
designing and modifying the database schema, which encompasses the database's structure,
including tables, columns, indexes, and other elements.

1.CREATE - Creating objects in the database


Create an student table with some basic details like(Name, Roll,Marks,etc)
CREATE TABLE Student (Name VARCHAR(15), Roll INT(5), Age INT(5), Marks
INT(5));

2.ALTER – alters the structure of the database which we created

ALTER TABLE Student


ADD Address VARCHAR(20);

3. DROP - delete the existing table


DROP TABLE Student;

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II. Implement DML Commands – Insert, Select, Update, Delete

Data manipulation language

DML (Data Manipulation Language) refers to a subset of SQL (Structured Query


Language) commands used to manipulate and manage data in a database. While DDL
(Data Definition Language) deals with the structure of the database (creating, altering, and
dropping tables), DML focuses on managing the data itself, including inserting, updating,
deleting, and querying data within tables.

1.INSERT - insert data into a table Create a table Faculty with basic details
like(Name,Roll,Age,Marks)
INSERT INTO Student
VALUES ('ROHIT TYAGI', 45, 20, 90);

2.UPDATE - updates existing data within a table


UPDATE Student
SET Marks = 95
WHERE Roll = 45;

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3.DELETE - deletes all records from a table, the space for the records remain
DELETE FROM Student WHERE Roll = 1;

4.SELECT - used to fetch data from one or more tables


INSERT INTO Student (Name,Roll,Age,Marks)
VALUES ('MOHIT TYAGI', 1, 20, 91)
('RAHUL',2,21,89);

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