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Week13 - LAQs - SWR

R offers a comprehensive set of statistical functions for data analysis, including descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation and regression, time series analysis, resampling, multivariate analysis, and goodness-of-fit tests. Key functions include mean, median, t-tests, linear models, and PCA, among others. These tools enable users to perform complex statistical analyses and model building efficiently.

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2 views2 pages

Week13 - LAQs - SWR

R offers a comprehensive set of statistical functions for data analysis, including descriptive statistics, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, correlation and regression, time series analysis, resampling, multivariate analysis, and goodness-of-fit tests. Key functions include mean, median, t-tests, linear models, and PCA, among others. These tools enable users to perform complex statistical analyses and model building efficiently.

Uploaded by

akashrs2604
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Describe about various statistical functions in R.

R provides a wide range of statistical functions for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and
model building. Here are some key categories of statistical functions in R:

1. Descriptive Statistics

 mean(x): Computes the arithmetic mean.


 median(x): Finds the median (middle value).
 sd(x): Calculates the standard deviation.
 var(x): Computes variance.
 summary(x): Provides a summary including min, max, mean, median, and
quartiles.
 range(x): Returns the minimum and maximum values.
 quantile(x, probs): Finds specific quantiles.

2. Probability Distributions

R has built-in functions for various probability distributions:

 Normal Distribution: dnorm(x, mean, sd), pnorm(q, mean, sd), qnorm(p,


mean, sd), rnorm(n, mean, sd)
 Binomial Distribution: dbinom(x, size, prob), pbinom(q, size, prob),
qbinom(p, size, prob), rbinom(n, size, prob)
 Poisson Distribution: dpois(x, lambda), ppois(q, lambda), qpois(p,
lambda), rpois(n, lambda)
 Similar functions exist for other distributions like dexp(), dgamma(), dchisq(),
dt(), etc.

3. Hypothesis Testing

 t.test(x, y, paired = FALSE): Performs a t-test.


 wilcox.test(x, y): Performs the Wilcoxon test (non-parametric alternative to
t-test).
 chisq.test(x, y): Conducts a Chi-square test.
 anova(model): Performs an ANOVA test.
 ks.test(x, y): Conducts the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.

4. Correlation & Regression

 cor(x, y, method = "pearson"): Computes the correlation coefficient


(Pearson, Spearman, Kendall).
 cov(x, y): Finds the covariance.
 lm(y ~ x): Fits a linear regression model.
 glm(y ~ x, family = binomial): Fits a generalized linear model (e.g., logistic
regression).

5. Time Series Analysis

 ts(data, start, frequency): Creates a time series object.


 acf(x): Computes the autocorrelation function.
 pacf(x): Computes the partial autocorrelation function.
 arima(x, order = c(p, d, q)): Fits an ARIMA model.

6. Resampling & Simulation

 sample(x, size, replace): Randomly selects elements from a vector.


 boot(data, statistic, R): Performs bootstrap resampling (requires the boot
package).
 set.seed(n): Sets a random seed for reproducibility.

7. Multivariate Analysis

 prcomp(x): Performs Principal Component Analysis (PCA).


 hclust(d): Performs hierarchical clustering.
 kmeans(x, centers): Conducts k-means clustering.
 dist(x): Computes the distance matrix for clustering.

8. Goodness-of-Fit Tests

 shapiro.test(x): Tests for normality (Shapiro-Wilk test).


 ks.test(x, "pnorm"): Tests whether data follows a normal distribution.
 bartlett.test(x, g): Tests for homogeneity of variances.

These functions make R a powerful tool for statistical analysis, modeling, and data
visualization. Let me know if you need details on any specific function!

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