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Operating System (2) Removed Removed

The document outlines the steps for installing the Linux operating system, specifically Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including drive preparation, language and keyboard configuration, partitioning, and setting up a boot loader. It also provides an overview of basic Linux commands such as 'id', 'who', 'date', and 'mkdir', explaining their syntax and functionality. The installation process concludes with configuring the firewall and SELinux settings before finalizing the installation.

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19 views16 pages

Operating System (2) Removed Removed

The document outlines the steps for installing the Linux operating system, specifically Red Hat Enterprise Linux, including drive preparation, language and keyboard configuration, partitioning, and setting up a boot loader. It also provides an overview of basic Linux commands such as 'id', 'who', 'date', and 'mkdir', explaining their syntax and functionality. The installation process concludes with configuring the firewall and SELinux settings before finalizing the installation.

Uploaded by

ghatwaldivya7
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT-1

Exp1.1
AIM: Installation of Linux operating system.

Step 1: Firstly, empty any one drive from our computer and right click on the computer select manage and
then select disk fragmentation and then delete that drive which is empty.

Step 2: Then put the Red Hat DVD into the DVD drive and reboot the system, check the BIOS setting the
computer from DVD is selected if not selected. Then DVD runs on it.

Step 3: Then seen a) In text mode we have to need to type Linux ascue. b) In Graphical mode we have to
press enter.

Step 4: Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux: The welcome screen does not prompt you for any input.
From this screen you can access the release notes for Red Hat Enterprise 5.0.0 by clicking on the release
button.

Click on the next button to continue


Step 5: Language Selection: The language you select here will become the default language for the
operating system once it is installed. Selecting the appropriate language also helps target your time zone
configuration later in the installation. The installation program tries to define the appropriate time zone
based on what you specify on this screen.

Step 6: Keyboard Configuration: Using your mouse, select the correct layout type for example U.S.
English for the keyboard. You would prefer to use for the installation and as the system default.
Step 7: Enter the Installation Number: If you have a number then put on it otherwise skip this option.

Step 8: Create Default Layout options are


Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout: Select this option to remove all partitions
on your hard drives.
Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout: Select this option to remove Linux
partitions on your hard drives.
Use free space on selected drives and create default layout: Select this option to retain your current data and
partitions, assuming you have enough free space.
Create custom layout: If you delete free drive then select create custom layout.
Step 9: Choose custom layout, you must tell the installation program where to install Red Hat
5.0. This is done by defining mount point for one or more disk partitions in which Red Hat is installed. You
may also need to create or delete partition at this time.

Mount Point: Enter the partition's mount point. For example, if this partition should be the root partition,
enter / for the root

/boot for the /boot partition, and /swap files double of ram.
Pull-down menu to choose the correct mount point for your partition. For a swap partition the Mount point
should not be set - setting the files system type to swap is sufficient.

File System Type: Using the pull-down menu, select the appropriate file system type for this partition. For
more information on file system types, “File System Types”.
Allowable Drives: This field contains a list of the hard disks installed on your system. If a Hard disk's box
is highlighted, then a desired partition can be created on that hard disk. If the box is not checked, then the
partition will never be created on that hard disk. By using different checkbox settings, you can have Disk
Druid place partitions where you need them, or let Disk Druid decide where partitions should go.
Size (MB): Enter the size (in megabytes) of the partition. Note, this field starts with 100 MB; unless
changed; only a 100 MB partition will be created.
The file systems are:

ext2 — An ext2 file system supports standard Unix file types (regular files, directories, symbolic links, etc).
It provides the ability to assign long file names, up to 255 characters. ext3 — The ext3 file system is based
on the ext2 file system and has one main advantage — journaling. Using a journaling file system reduces
time spent recovering a file system after a
crash as there is no need to fsck1 the file system. The ext3 file system is selected by default and is highly
recommended.
Physical volume (LVM) — Creating one or more physical volume (LVM) partitions allows you to create
an LVM logical volume. LVM can improve performance when using physical disks. For more information
regarding LVM, refer to the Red Hat Enterprise Linux Deployment Guide.
Step 10: To boot the system without boot media, you usually need to install a boot loader. A boot loader
Is the first software program that runs when a computer starts? It is responsible for loading and transferring
control to the operating system kernel software. The kernel, in turn, initializes the rest of the operating
system.
GRUB (Grand Unified Boot loader), which is installed by default, is a very powerful boot loader. GRUB
can load a variety of free operating systems, as well as proprietary operating system. With chain-loading
(the mechanism for loading unsupported operating systems, such as DOS or Windows, by loading another
boot loader).

Click the next button


Step 11: Time Zone Configuration: Set your time zone by selecting the city closest to your computer's
physical location.
Click on the map to zoom in to a particular geographical region of the world. From here there are two ways
for you to select your time zone:
 Using your mouse, click on the interactive map to select a specific city (represented by a yellow dot).
A red X appears indicating your selection.
 You can also scroll through the list at the bottom of the screen to select your time zone. Using your
mouse, click on a location to highlight your selection.

Step 12: Set Root Password: Setting up a root account and password is one of the most important steps
during your installation. Your root account is similar to the administrator account used on Windows NT
Step 13: You want to select web server and software development and choose custom now and choose
custom later, any one of them.

Step 14: And installing the Linux.

Step 15: And rebooting the system.

Step 16: Firewall disabled or enabled.

Step 17: SELN disabled or enabled.

Step 18: Then continue means Linux is installed


Exp1.2
AIM: Study of basic LINUX commands.
List of some of the LINUX COMMANDS are givn below:

1. Id Syntax: id
Id command is used to find a user's UID (user ID) or GID (group ID) and other information in Linux. The
main purpose of id command is to displays the system identifications of a specified user.

2. Who Syntax: who


The who command prints information about all users who are currently logged in.

3. Who am i Syntax: who am i The who


4. Who am i Syntax: who am i
The who am i command prints the user name (i.e., login name) of the owner of the current login session on
the monitor screen.

5. Date Syntax: date


Date command is helpful to display date in several formats. It also allows you to set systems date and time.
When you execute date command without any option, it will display the current date and time.
6. Cal
Display a conveniently-formatted calendar from the command line. i. Syntax: cal If no options are given,
cal displays the current month at the command line.
ii. Syntax: cal [year] Display a

ii. Syntax: cal [year]


Display a calendar for that entire yea
6 . Clear Syntax: clear

Clear command is used to clear the screen. The clear command does not affect files or jobs, it simply clears
the clutter from your terminal screen. `CLEAR` doesn't erase your terminal scroll buffer, so if you need to
see something that was on your screen a while ago, you can still use your mouse wheel to scroll back.

7. Pwd Syntax: pwd


‘pwd‘ stands for ‘Print Working Directory‘. As the name states, command ‘pwd‘ prints the current working
directory or simply the directory user is, at present. It prints the current directory name with the complete
path starting from root (/).
8. Mkdir
Syntax: mkdir directory_name

It is a short for "make directory", mkdir is used to create directories on a file system. If the specified

DIRECTORY does not already exist, mkdir creates it.More than one DIRECTORY may be spec

9. Mkdir
Syntax: mkdir directory_name

It is a short for "make directory", mkdir is used to create directories on a file system. If the specified
DIRECTORY does not already exist, mkdir creates it.More than one DIRECTORY may be specified when
calling mkdir.

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