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Computer_Network_Competitive_Notes

This document provides comprehensive notes on computer networks, covering topics such as types of networks, topologies, devices, models, protocols, IP addressing, security, wireless networking, cloud computing, IoT, important commands, and troubleshooting common network issues. It highlights the advantages of networking, the functions of various devices, and essential protocols for data transmission. Additionally, it addresses network security measures and the significance of cloud computing and IoT in modern networking.

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Deepak Kumar
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4 views

Computer_Network_Competitive_Notes

This document provides comprehensive notes on computer networks, covering topics such as types of networks, topologies, devices, models, protocols, IP addressing, security, wireless networking, cloud computing, IoT, important commands, and troubleshooting common network issues. It highlights the advantages of networking, the functions of various devices, and essential protocols for data transmission. Additionally, it addresses network security measures and the significance of cloud computing and IoT in modern networking.

Uploaded by

Deepak Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Network - Comprehensive Notes for Competitive Exams

1. Introduction to Computer Networks

- A computer network is a system of interconnected devices for communication and resource

sharing.

- Types: LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN.

- Advantages: Resource sharing, fast communication, cost efficiency.

2. Network Topologies

- Bus: Single backbone cable; failure disrupts communication.

- Star: Devices connect to a central hub; reliable but costly.

- Ring: Data travels in a loop; failure in one device affects all.

- Mesh: Every device connects to every other; expensive but fault-tolerant.

- Hybrid: Combination of two or more topologies.

3. Network Devices

- Router: Connects different networks and routes data.

- Switch: Directs data packets within a network.

- Hub: Broadcasts data to all connected devices.

- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa.

- Repeater: Amplifies weak signals.

- Gateway: Connects networks with different protocols.

- Access Point: Provides wireless connectivity.

4. Network Models

- OSI Model (7 Layers): Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
- TCP/IP Model (4 Layers): Network Interface, Internet, Transport, Application.

5. Networking Protocols

- IP: Addressing and routing data.

- TCP: Reliable data transmission.

- UDP: Faster but unreliable data transfer.

- HTTP/HTTPS: Web browsing.

- FTP: File sharing.

- SMTP: Email transmission.

- DNS: Converts domain names to IP addresses.

- ICMP: Error reporting & diagnostics.

6. IP Addressing

- IPv4: 32-bit, four decimal numbers (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

- IPv6: 128-bit, hexadecimal notation (e.g., 2001:db8::1).

- IP Classes: A, B, C, D, E.

7. Subnetting & CIDR

- Subnetting: Dividing a network into smaller networks.

- CIDR: Flexible subnetting (e.g., 192.168.1.0/24).

8. Network Security

- Firewall: Filters incoming & outgoing traffic.

- Antivirus: Protects against malware.

- Encryption: Secures data (SSL, TLS).

- VPN: Encrypts internet connections.

- IDS/IPS: Detects and prevents cyber threats.


9. Wireless Networking

- Wi-Fi: Wireless LAN using radio waves.

- Bluetooth: Short-range communication.

- 3G/4G/5G: Mobile network generations.

- Access Point: Extends Wi-Fi coverage.

10. Cloud Computing & Virtualization

- Cloud Computing: Internet-based computing services (AWS, Azure).

- Virtualization: Running multiple virtual machines on a single server.

11. Internet of Things (IoT)

- IoT: Interconnected smart devices communicating via the internet.

- Examples: Smart homes, industrial automation, healthcare devices.

12. Important Network Commands

- ping: Checks network connectivity.

- ipconfig / ifconfig: Displays IP configuration.

- tracert / traceroute: Shows path to a destination.

- netstat: Displays network connections.

- nslookup: Queries DNS information.

- arp -a: Displays ARP table.

- telnet: Remote login to another computer.

13. Common Network Issues & Troubleshooting

- No internet: Restart router, check cables.

- Slow network: Limit bandwidth usage, upgrade hardware.


- IP conflict: Assign static IP or use DHCP.

- DNS error: Flush DNS cache, use different DNS.

- Packet loss: Check for faulty cables, interference.

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