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CH 3. Boolean Algebra

Chapter 3 of Class XI Computer Science covers Boolean Algebra, which is fundamental for digital circuits and logic operations using binary values (0 and 1). It explains the importance of Boolean Algebra in simplifying logic circuits, introduces basic logic gates, and discusses truth tables, DeMorgan's Theorems, and the duality principle. The chapter emphasizes how these concepts are essential for understanding and designing efficient digital systems.

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78 views6 pages

CH 3. Boolean Algebra

Chapter 3 of Class XI Computer Science covers Boolean Algebra, which is fundamental for digital circuits and logic operations using binary values (0 and 1). It explains the importance of Boolean Algebra in simplifying logic circuits, introduces basic logic gates, and discusses truth tables, DeMorgan's Theorems, and the duality principle. The chapter emphasizes how these concepts are essential for understanding and designing efficient digital systems.

Uploaded by

Jaya Daga
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class XI Computer Science –

Chapter 3: Boolean Algebra


1. Introduction to Boolean Algebra
Boolean Algebra is a branch of algebra that deals with binary variables and logic operations.
It is the mathematical foundation of digital circuits and logic gates. Boolean values are 0
(False) and 1 (True).
As computer understands machine language(0/1) which is binary value so every operation
is done with the help of these binary value by the computer. George Boole, Boolean logic is a
form of algebra in which all values are reduced to either 1 or 0.
2. Importance of Boolean Algebra
Boolean Algebra is essential for simplifying and analyzing logic circuits. It helps in
minimizing the number of gates required and improves the efficiency of circuits.
3. Basic Logic Gates
Logic gates are the building blocks of digital circuits. Each gate performs a specific logical
function.

1. AND Gate (A · B)
2. OR Gate (A + B)
3. NOT Gate (A’ or A̅ )
4. Derived or Universal Gates
1. NAND Gate ((A · B)’)
2. NOR Gate ((A + B)’)
3. XOR Gate (A ⊕ B)
4. XNOR Gate ((A ⊕ B)’)
5. Truth Tables
Truth tables show all possible input combinations and their corresponding outputs for a
logic gate or circuit.
Rules for Forming Truth Tables
To form a truth table:
1. List all input variables (e.g., A, B, C).
2. Calculate total combinations: For n variables, use 2ⁿ rows (e.g., 3 variables → 8
rows).
3. Create a binary count from 0 to 2ⁿ - 1 for input combinations.
4. Write expressions or operations for which output is required.
5. Evaluate output for each combination.
6. Basic Laws and Rules of Boolean Algebra

7. Demorgan’s Theorems
First Theorem: (A · B)’ = A’ + B’
Second Theorem: (A + B)’ = ‘A · ‘B

Proof of De-Morgan’s law of boolean algebra using Truth Table:


1) (x+y)’= x’. y’

2) (x.y)’=x’+y’
8. Duality Principle
the duality principle in Boolean algebra states that for any true Boolean expression, its dual
expression is also true. The dual expression is obtained by swapping the AND and OR
operators, and the 0s and 1s in the original expression.
Example:
Original Expression: A + 0 = A (This is a true Boolean expression)
Dual Expression: A * 1 = A (This is also a true Boolean expression)
Explanation:
 AND (·) and OR (+): In Boolean algebra, the + symbol represents the OR operation,
and the · (or sometimes omitted) symbol represents the AND operation.
 Swapping operators: To find the dual, you swap the + and · symbols.
 Swapping 0 and 1: You also swap the 0 and 1 values.
Why is this important?
The duality principle helps in simplifying proofs and understanding Boolean algebra
better. If you prove a theorem in Boolean algebra, the dual of that theorem is also
automatically proven, as the principle guarantees that if a statement is true, its dual will also
be true.
More Examples:
 Original: A + AB = A (True)
 Dual: A * (A+B) = A (True)
 Original: 1 + 0 = 1 (True)
 Dual: 0 * 1 = 0 (True)
9. Logic Circuits

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