Driver Initilization

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
WebDriver driver = new EdgeDriver();
WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();
WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
Advanced Browser Cnfiguration
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();

chromeOptions.addArguments("--ignore-certificate-errors");

driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);

ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();

chromeOptions.addArguments("user-data-dir=Path");
driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
Element Locators
driver.findElement(By.id("Id Value"));
driver.findElement(By.name("Name Value"));
driver.findElement(By.className("Class Name Value"));
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Link text Value"));
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Partial Text Constant
Value"));
driver.findElement(By.tagName("Tag Name Value"));
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("CSS Value"));
driver.findElement(By.xpath("Xpath Value"));
driver.findElement(new ByAll(By.className("ElementClass
Name"), By.id("Element Id"), By.name("Element Name")))

Elements Operations
WebElement element =
driver.FindElement(By.ElementLocator("Value of Element
Locator"));
element.click();
element.sendKeys("Input Text");
element.clear();
element.submit();
element.getAttribute(“type”);
String innerText = element.getText();
boolean enabledstatus = element.isEnabled();
boolean displayedstatus = element.isDisplayed();
boolean selectedstatus = element.isSelected();
//Operation on drop down
Select select = new Select(element);
select.selectByIndex(Integer Index);
select.selectByVisibleText("Text");
select.SelectByValue("Value");
select.deselectAll();
select.deselectByIndex(Integer Index);
select.deselectByVisibleText("Text");
select.deselectByValue("Value");
WebElement selectedOptions = select.getOptions();
boolean isMultipleSelect = select.isMultiple();
Browser Operations
String pageTitle = driver.getTitle();
String currentURL = getCurrentUrl();
String currentPageSource = driver.getPageSource();
// Navigation history
driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.navigate().to("https://www.google.com/");
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().forward();
driver.navigate().refresh();
driver.close();
driver.quit();
// Handle Alert
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
alert.dismiss();
alert.getText();
alert.sendKeys(“Input Data");
//Handle Cookies
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(“cookieName”, “cookieValue”);

driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
driver.manage().getCookies();
driver.manage().getCookieNamed(arg0);
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed(arg0);
// Handle frames
driver.switchTo().frame(int Frame Index);
driver.switchTo().frame("frameName");
WebElement element =
driver.FindElement(By.ElementLocator("Value of Element
Locator"));
driver.switchTo().frame(element);
driver.SwitchTo().defaultContent();
Upload a File
WebElement element =
driver.FindElement(By.ElementLocator("Value of Element
Locator"));
element.sendKeys(filePath);
Window Handle
String handle=driver.getWindowHandle();
Set<String> handles = getWindowHandles();
driver.switchTo().window(handle);
Screenshots Capture
TakesScreenshot screenshot =((TakesScreenshot)driver);
File srcFile= screenshot.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);

FileHandler.copy(srcFile, destFile);
Capture Width and Height of an Element
Point point = element.getLocation();
int elementWidth = element.getSize().getWidth();
int elementHeight = element.getSize().getHeight();
Manage Timeouts
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
welement = wait.until(Syntax: WebDriverWait wait = new
WebDriverWait(driver, timeout);
ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(locator));
welement.click();
Thread.sleep(Long milli-seconds)
driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(30,
TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Scroll Down or Up Web Page
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;
js.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,100)");
js.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0,
document.body.scrollHeight)");
WebElement element =
driver.FindElement(By.ElementLocator("Value of Element
Locator"));
js. executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView()", element);

Different approach to create XPath and CSS Selector

Description XPath CSS Selector
Whole WebPage /html html
Whole WebPage body /html/body body
image element //img img
Link //a[@href = 'url'] a[href = 'url']
Direct Child //div/a div > a
Id //tagName[@id=’idValue’] tagName#idValue
Class //tagName[@class=’classValu tagName.Value of Class
e’] attribute
Attribute //tagname[@attribute- tagName[attribute=Valu
name=’value1′] e of attribute]
Multiple Attributes //input[@type='submit' and tagname[attribute1='val
@name='btnLogin'] ue1'][attribute2='value2'
]
Contains //*[contains(@type,'sub')] <HTML
tag><[attribute*=sub
String]>
Starts with //tagname[starts- <HTML
with(@attribute, ‘Start tag><[attribute^=prefix
value’)] of the String]>
Ends with //tagname[ends- <HTML
with(@attribute, ‘End value’)] tag><[attribute$=suffix
of the String]>
Matches //*[matches(@type,'value')] N/A

First Child //ul[@id=’list’]/li[1] ul#list li:first-child

Last Child //ul[@id=’list’]/li[last()] ul#list li:last-child
nth Child //ul[@id=’list’]/li[3] ul#list li:nth-child(3)
Text Value //td[text()=‘textname'] N/A
Element preceding some sibling //E2/preceding-sibling::E1 N/A
Sibling element immediately preceding //E/preceding-sibling::*[1] N/A
User interface element that is disabled //E[@disabled] E:disabled
Checkbox (or radio button) that is checked //*[@checked] *:checked
Text Value //td[text()=‘textname'] N/A
Important Tagname and their Description
Tag Name Specification
<ul> Defines an unordered list of
items.
<tr> Defines a row of cells in a
table.
<title> Represents title to an HTML
document.
<th> Used for creates header of a
group of cell in HTML table.

<table> Used to defines a table in an

HTML document.
<tbody> Used for grouping table rows.

<td> Used for creates standard

data cell in HTML table.
<span> Used to grouping and
applying styles to inline
elements.
<section> Used to divide a document
into number of different
generic section.
<select> Used to create a drop-down
list.
<menu> Used to display a unordered
list of items/menu of
commands.
<li> Define a list item either
ordered list or unordered list.

<iframe> Defines a inline frame that

embedded external content
into current web document.

<img> Used to insert image into a

web document.
<input> Define a get information in
selected input
<div> Define a division part
<body> Defines a main section(body)
part in HTML document

<br /> Specific a single line break

<button> Specifies a press/push button
<a> Specific a anchor (Hyperlink)