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NotesforWebTechnologiesUnit I

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Notes for Web Technologies Unit-I

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the foundational markup language used to create and
structure content on the web. It defines the meaning and organization of web content, allowing
browsers to render text, images, links, and other elements into interactive web pages. (HTML:
HyperText Markup Language - MDN Web Docs)

📜 History of HTML

HTML was first developed in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee to facilitate the sharing of documents over the
Internet. Since then, it has undergone several revisions to enhance its capabilities and adapt to the
evolving needs of the web. The latest version, HTML5, introduced new features such as semantic
elements, multimedia support, and improved APIs for web applications.

🎯 Objectives of HTML

The primary objectives of HTML include:

 Structuring Content: Organizing text, images, and other media into a coherent layout.

 Defining Semantics: Providing meaning to content through tags, aiding in accessibility and
SEO.

 Facilitating Navigation: Enabling hyperlinks and interactive elements to connect different


web pages and resources.

 Integrating with Other Technologies: Working in conjunction with CSS for styling and
JavaScript for dynamic behavior.

🧱 Basic Structure of an HTML Document

An HTML document follows a standardized structure comprising several key elements: (7 The global
structure of an HTML document - W3C)

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<!-- Visible content goes here -->

</body>

</html>
 <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type and version of HTML.

 <html>: The root element that encompasses all other elements.

 <head>: Contains metadata, links to stylesheets, and scripts.

 <title>: Sets the title of the webpage, displayed on the browser tab.

 <body>: Holds all the content visible to users, such as text, images, and interactive elements.
(Document structure bookmark_border - HTML - web.dev)

Key HTML Tags

1. Header Tags (<h1> to <h6>)

Header tags define headings, helping to structure content hierarchically: (HTML Course | Structure of
an HTML Document - GeeksforGeeks)

 <h1>: Main heading (most important).

 <h2> to <h6>: Subheadings with decreasing importance. (HTML Headings - W3Schools)

Example: (7 The global structure of an HTML document - W3C)

<h1>Main Title</h1>

<h2>Subheading</h2>

These tags improve readability and SEO by outlining the document's structure. (HTML Structure –
Engineering Technology Services)

2. Body Tag (<body>)

The <body> tag encapsulates all the content displayed on the webpage, including text, images, links,
and other media. (Introduction to HTML - W3Schools)

3. Paragraph Tag (<p>)

The <p> tag defines a paragraph, grouping related sentences together. Browsers typically add spacing
before and after each paragraph to enhance readability. (HTML Course | Structure of an HTML
Document - GeeksforGeeks)

Example: (HTML Introduction - GeeksforGeeks)

<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

Understanding these fundamental elements is crucial for creating well-structured and accessible web
pages. As you delve deeper into HTML, you'll encounter more advanced tags and attributes that offer
greater control over webpage design and functionality.

Tags for FORM Creation, TABLE, FORM, TEXTAREA, SELECT, IMG, IFRAME
FIELDSET, ANCHOR
Here’s a concise guide to essential HTML tags used for creating forms, tables, and embedding various
elements:

📝 Form Creation Tags

1. <form>

Defines an HTML form for user input. It can contain various form elements like text fields,
checkboxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, etc. (HTML Forms - W3Schools)

Example:

<form action="/submit" method="post">

<!-- Form elements go here -->

</form>

2. <textarea>

Creates a multi-line text input control, often used for comments or feedback. (HTML textarea tag -
W3Schools)

Example:

<textarea name="comments" rows="4" cols="50"></textarea>

3. <select>

Generates a drop-down list, allowing users to select one or more options. (HTML select tag -
W3Schools)

Example:

<select name="options">

<option value="value1">Option 1</option>

<option value="value2">Option 2</option>

</select>

4. <fieldset> and <legend>

Groups related elements within a form, providing a visual and semantic structure. The <legend> tag
defines a caption for the <fieldset>. (HTML fieldset Tag - GeeksforGeeks)

Example:

<fieldset>

<legend>Personal Information</legend>

<!-- Form elements go here -->

</fieldset>
📊 Table Creation Tags

<table>, <tr>, <th>, <td>

These tags are used to create and structure tables:

 <table>: Defines the table.

 <tr>: Defines a table row.

 <th>: Defines a header cell.

 <td>: Defines a standard data cell. (HTML Tables | GeeksforGeeks)

Example:

<table>

<tr>

<th>Header 1</th>

<th>Header 2</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Data 1</td>

<td>Data 2</td>

</tr>

</table>

Media and Embedding Tags

<img>

Embeds an image into the HTML page. The src attribute specifies the path to the image, and the alt
attribute provides alternative text. (HTML img tag - W3Schools)

Example:

<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of image">

<iframe>

Embeds another HTML page within the current page. Commonly used for embedding videos, maps,
or other external content. (HTML Iframes - W3Schools)

Example:

<iframe src="https://www.example.com" width="600" height="400" title="Embedded


Page"></iframe>
🔗 Anchor Tag

<a>

Defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to another. The href attribute specifies the
URL of the page the link goes to. (HTML a Tag | GeeksforGeeks)

Example:

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example.com</a>

These tags are fundamental for structuring web pages and creating interactive forms. For more
detailed information and additional attributes, you can refer to resources like W3Schools and MDN
Web Docs.

Lists in HTML, Introduction to DIV tag, NAVBAR Design.


Here’s a comprehensive guide to HTML Lists, the <div> tag, and Navbar Design—essential
components for structuring and navigating web pages.

📋 HTML Lists

HTML provides three primary types of lists to organize content: (Introduction to HTML -- Lists)

1. Unordered List (<ul>)

 Purpose: Displays items without a specific order, typically with bullet points.

 Syntax:

<ul>

<li>Item 1</li>

<li>Item 2</li>

</ul>

 Use Case: Listing features, ingredients, or any non-sequential items.

2. Ordered List (<ol>)

 Purpose: Displays items in a specific sequence, numbered by default.

 Syntax:

<ol>

<li>First Step</li>

<li>Second Step</li>

</ol>

 Use Case: Instructions, rankings, or step-by-step guides. (HTML Lists - W3Schools)


3. Description List (<dl>)

 Purpose: Pairs terms with their descriptions.

 Syntax:

<dl>

<dt>HTML</dt>

<dd>HyperText Markup Language</dd>

</dl>

 Use Case: Glossaries, FAQs, or term-definition pairs. (Lists in HTML documents)

For more details, refer to W3Schools on HTML Lists. (HTML Lists - W3Schools)

🧱 Introduction to the <div> Tag

The <div> (short for "division") tag is a block-level container used to group HTML elements, allowing
for CSS styling and JavaScript manipulation.

 Syntax:

<div>

<!-- Content goes here -->

</div>

 Common Attributes:

o id: Unique identifier for the div.

o class: Assigns the div to one or more classes for styling.

 Use Case: Structuring sections of a webpage, such as headers, footers, or content areas.
(HTML Lists - Tutorialspoint)

Example:

<div class="container">

<h2>Welcome</h2>

<p>This is a sample paragraph.</p>

</div>

Learn more at W3Schools on HTML Div. (HTML Div Tutorial - W3Schools)

🧭 Navbar Design

A navbar (navigation bar) is a crucial UI component that allows users to navigate between different
sections or pages of a website. (How to create navigation bar using tag in HTML)
Creating a Simple Navbar with <div> and <a> Tags

HTML Structure:

<div class="navbar">

<a href="#home">Home</a>

<a href="#about">About</a>

<a href="#services">Services</a>

<a href="#contact">Contact</a>

</div>

CSS Styling:

.navbar {

background-color: #333;

overflow: hidden;

.navbar a {

float: left;

color: #f2f2f2;

padding: 14px 16px;

text-decoration: none;

.navbar a:hover {

background-color: #ddd;

color: black;

This setup creates a horizontal navigation bar with links that change appearance on hover.

For a detailed tutorial, check out GeeksforGeeks on Creating a Navigation Bar. (How to create
navigation bar using tag in HTML)

By understanding and utilizing HTML lists, the <div> tag, and navigation bars, you can create well-
structured and user-friendly web pages.
Introduction to CSS, types, Selectors, and Responsiveness of a web page
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a cornerstone technology in web development, enabling developers
to control the presentation and layout of HTML documents. By separating content from design, CSS
enhances the flexibility and maintainability of web pages.

🎨 What is CSS?

CSS is a stylesheet language used to describe the visual appearance of HTML elements. It allows
developers to apply styles such as colors, fonts, spacing, and positioning to web content, ensuring a
consistent and appealing user interface across different devices and browsers.

📚 Types of CSS

CSS can be implemented in three primary ways, each with its own use cases:

1. Inline CSS

 Definition: Applied directly within an HTML element's style attribute.

 Usage: Ideal for quick, one-off style changes.

 Example:

<p style="color: blue;">This is a blue paragraph.</p>

 Pros: Immediate application; no need for external files.

 Cons: Not scalable; can lead to cluttered HTML. (Difference between Inline, Internal and
External CSS - GeeksforGeeks, What is the difference between inline, internal, and external
CSS?, How to add CSS - W3Schools)

2. Internal CSS

 Definition: Defined within a <style> tag in the <head> section of an HTML document.

 Usage: Suitable for styling a single page.

 Example:

<head>

<style>

p { color: green; }

</style>

</head>

 Pros: Keeps styles centralized for the page.

 Cons: Not reusable across multiple pages. (Difference between Inline, Internal and External
CSS - GeeksforGeeks, Types of CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) - GeeksforGeeks, What is the
difference between inline, internal, and external CSS?)
3. External CSS

 Definition: Stored in a separate .css file and linked to the HTML document.

 Usage: Best for larger websites with multiple pages.

 Example:

<head>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

</head>

 Pros: Promotes reusability and cleaner HTML; easier maintenance.

 Cons: Requires an additional HTTP request to load the CSS file. (Difference between Inline,
Internal and External CSS - GeeksforGeeks, What is the difference between inline, internal,
and external CSS?)

For a detailed comparison, refer to GeeksforGeeks. (Difference between Inline, Internal and External
CSS - GeeksforGeeks)

🎯 CSS Selectors

Selectors are patterns used to target HTML elements for styling. Understanding different types of
selectors is crucial for effective CSS application. (CSS Selectors | GeeksforGeeks)

1. Basic Selectors

 Universal Selector (*): Targets all elements.

* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

(CSS Selectors | GeeksforGeeks)

 Type Selector: Targets all instances of a specific element.

p { font-size: 16px; }

(CSS Selectors - W3Schools)

 Class Selector (.classname): Targets elements with a specific class attribute.

.highlight { background-color: yellow; }

(Selectors | web.dev)

 ID Selector (#idname): Targets a unique element with a specific ID.

#header { text-align: center; }

2. Combinator Selectors

 Descendant Selector: Targets elements nested within a specified ancestor.

div p { color: gray; }


 Child Selector (>): Targets direct child elements.

ul > li { list-style-type: square; }

 Adjacent Sibling Selector (+): Targets an element immediately following another.

h1 + p { margin-top: 0; }

 General Sibling Selector (~): Targets all siblings following a specified element.

h1 ~ p { color: blue; }

3. Pseudo-class Selectors

Apply styles based on the state of an element. (CSS Selectors - W3Schools)

 :hover: When the user hovers over an element.

a:hover { color: red; }

 :first-child: Targets the first child of a parent.

p:first-child { font-weight: bold; }

4. Attribute Selectors

Target elements based on attribute values.

 Exact Match:

input[type="text"] { width: 200px; }

 Partial Match:

a[href*="example"] { color: green; }

For an in-depth exploration, visit W3Schools CSS Selectors. (CSS Selectors - W3Schools)

📱 Responsiveness of a Web Page

Responsive Web Design (RWD) ensures that web pages render well on a variety of devices and
window or screen sizes. This adaptability enhances user experience across desktops, tablets, and
mobile devices.

Key Techniques:

1. Fluid Grids: Use relative units like percentages instead of fixed units like pixels.

2. Flexible Images: Ensure images scale within their containing elements.

3. Media Queries: Apply CSS rules based on device characteristics. (Using media queries - CSS:
Cascading Style Sheets - MDN Web Docs)

Example:

@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {

body {
Introduction to Bootstrap, downloads/linking, using classes of Bootstrap,
understanding the Grid System in Bootstrap
Bootstrap: Overview and Setup

Bootstrap is a free, open-source front-end framework for building responsive, mobile-first websites
(Bootstrap (front-end framework) - Wikipedia). It was originally developed by Twitter and is now one
of the most popular CSS frameworks. Bootstrap provides predefined CSS and JavaScript components
(like buttons, forms, navbars, etc.) that save time when designing web pages (Bootstrap 5 Get
Started). Using Bootstrap, you get a consistent look-and-feel across browsers, and built-in support
for layouts that automatically adjust to different screen sizes (responsive design) (Bootstrap (front-
end framework) - Wikipedia) (Bootstrap 5 Get Started). In practice, this means you can quickly
prototype pages with working UI elements without writing all the CSS from scratch.

 What is Bootstrap? A toolkit of ready-made CSS classes and components that simplify web
design. Bootstrap’s latest version (Bootstrap 5) focuses on a mobile-first approach, meaning
layouts and components adapt easily to smartphones up to desktop sizes (What is Bootstrap)
(Bootstrap (front-end framework) - Wikipedia).

 Why use Bootstrap? It speeds up development with pre-styled templates (for typography,
forms, buttons, tables, navigation, etc.) and ensures your site is responsive on all devices
(Bootstrap 5 Get Started). For example, Bootstrap’s grid system and utility classes handle
alignment and spacing so you don’t have to write complex CSS rules yourself.

Downloading and Linking Bootstrap

To use Bootstrap in your project, you must include its CSS and JavaScript files. There are two
common methods: using a CDN (Content Delivery Network) or downloading files locally.

 Via CDN: You can link directly to Bootstrap on a CDN. For example, add the following in your
HTML’s <head> for Bootstrap CSS, and before </body> for Bootstrap JS (which also requires a
meta viewport tag for proper responsive behavior):

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en">

 <head>

 <meta charset="utf-8">

 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

 <title>Bootstrap Setup</title>

 <!-- Bootstrap CSS via CDN -->

 <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"

 rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-..." crossorigin="anonymous">

 </head>

 <body>

 <!-- Your content here -->


 <!-- Bootstrap JS Bundle (includes Popper) via CDN -->

 <script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"

 integrity="sha384-..." crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

 </body>

 </html>

Using a CDN means users may already have Bootstrap cached, and it loads from a server close to
them, improving performance (Bootstrap 5 Get Started).

 Local Download: Alternatively, download Bootstrap’s compiled files from getbootstrap.com.


After downloading, put the CSS and JS files into your project folders (e.g.
css/bootstrap.min.css, js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js). Then link them like any local
stylesheet/script:

 <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

 ...

 <script src="js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>

This approach lets you work offline or customize Bootstrap’s source code if needed. Whichever
method you choose, remember to include the <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-
width, initial-scale=1"> in the <head> to ensure proper responsive scaling (Get started with
Bootstrap · Bootstrap v5.2) (Bootstrap 5 Get Started).

Using Bootstrap Classes

Bootstrap’s power comes from its CSS classes. To style an element, add Bootstrap’s class names to
the HTML class attribute. Bootstrap defines classes for layout, components, utilities, and more. Here
are some beginner-friendly examples:

 Buttons: Use the .btn class plus a style (e.g. .btn-primary, .btn-success, etc.). For example:

 <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary Button</button>

 <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary Button</button>

This produces styled buttons with Bootstrap’s colors. (You can also apply .btn classes to <a> or
<input> elements (Bootstrap 5 Buttons).)

 Alerts: Bootstrap provides classes for alert boxes that convey messages. Wrap your text in a
<div> with classes like .alert and .alert-success (or -danger, -warning, etc.). For example:

 <div class="alert alert-success">

 <strong>Success!</strong> Your operation was completed.

 </div>

This creates a green success alert. The class .alert-danger would make a red alert box. Alert boxes can
be dismissed if you add JavaScript, but basic usage just needs the classes (Bootstrap 5 Alerts).
 Typography and Text Utilities: Bootstrap also styles headings and text. For example,
headings (<h1>–<h6>) get some default styling, and you can enhance text with classes
like .lead (to make a paragraph stand out) or alignment classes:

 <h1 class="display-1">Big Heading</h1>

 <p class="lead">This is a lead paragraph with slightly larger font.</p>

 <p class="text-center">This paragraph is centered.</p>

The .display-1 class makes an extra-large heading, .lead enlarges and grays paragraph text, and .text-
center centers the text (Bootstrap 5 Text/Typography). Bootstrap has many such utility classes for
colors, spacing, alignment, etc., enabling you to adjust styles without writing new CSS.

In general, Bootstrap classes are pre-built CSS rules. You apply them in your HTML to get the
corresponding style. For example, adding class="btn btn-primary" automatically gives the element
padding, border, background color, and hover effects defined by Bootstrap (Bootstrap 5 Buttons).
This class-based system means you can quickly assemble a well-designed page using simple class
names.

Bootstrap Grid System (Responsive Layout)

Bootstrap’s grid system lets you create responsive layouts using a container, rows, and columns
structure. The grid is based on a 12-column layout and CSS flexbox. Here’s how it works:

 Container: Begin by wrapping your page (or section) in a container. Use <div
class="container"> for a fixed-width, centered layout, or <div class="container-fluid"> for full
width that spans the entire screen (Bootstrap 5 Get Started). For example:

 <div class="container">

 <!-- Rows and columns go here -->

 </div>

The .container adds automatic margins and padding to center the content, while .container-fluid
spans edge-to-edge (Bootstrap 5 Get Started).

 Row: Inside the container, create rows using <div class="row">. Rows are horizontal groups
that manage column alignment. Every row can contain columns that should sum up to 12
(for a full-width row) (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic).

 Columns: Inside a row, create columns with classes like .col-*. For example:

 <div class="row">

 <div class="col-sm-4">Column 1</div>

 <div class="col-sm-4">Column 2</div>

 <div class="col-sm-4">Column 3</div>

 </div>

Here, we used .col-sm-4 three times. The first part (sm) is a breakpoint (small screens and above,
≥576px), and the second part (4) means “4 out of 12 columns wide” (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic). So on
small (and larger) screens, each column takes up one-third of the row (4+4+4=12). On extra-small
screens (<576px), Bootstrap stacks these .col-sm-4 divs vertically (each row becomes full-width)
because the layout is mobile-first. This behavior is built-in.

More generally, you might see classes like .col-md-6 (half width on medium screens, ≥768px) or .col-
lg-3 (quarter width on large screens, ≥992px). The breakpoint abbreviations are:

o -sm for ≥576px, -md for ≥768px, -lg for ≥992px, -xl for ≥1200px, etc.
These correspond to screen width ranges (for example, 576px–768px, 768px–992px,
etc.) (Bootstrap (front-end framework) - Wikipedia) (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic). By
choosing appropriate breakpoint classes, you control how many columns appear
side-by-side at different screen sizes.

 Example: A complete example of a responsive grid:

 <div class="container">

 <div class="row">

 <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12">Content 1</div>

 <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12">Content 2</div>

 <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12">Content 3</div>

 </div>

 </div>

In this example, on medium and larger screens each column is one-third width (col-md-4). On small
screens and smaller (col-sm-12), each column takes full width (stacked).

Using Bootstrap’s grid ensures your page automatically adjusts to different devices. You don’t need
media queries yourself; simply picking the right grid classes will reorganize columns for you
(Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic) (Bootstrap 5 Get Started). This is crucial for responsive design, so your site
looks good on phones, tablets, and desktops without extra work.

Why the Grid Matters

The grid system is a core reason Bootstrap is so useful in web design. It provides a flexible, simple
way to build complex, responsive layouts. Instead of writing custom CSS for floats or flexbox
breakpoints, you just use rows and columns with intuitive class names. Bootstrap then handles the
underlying CSS to reflow the columns. This lets you focus on content structure instead of low-level
CSS details (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic).

Summary: In Bootstrap, always wrap your content in a .container (or .container-fluid) (Bootstrap 5
Get Started). Inside it, use <div class="row"> to create a horizontal group, and <div class="col-...">
classes to divide that row into columns. Use the col-{breakpoint}-{number} format to control how
many columns each element spans at different screen widths (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic).

By understanding and using containers, rows, and columns, you can design responsive layouts
quickly. The Bootstrap grid system, combined with its utility and component classes, makes
responsive web development much easier for students and professionals alike (Bootstrap 5 Get
Started) (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic).
Sources: Information summarized from the official Bootstrap documentation and tutorials (What is
Bootstrap) (Bootstrap (front-end framework) - Wikipedia) (Bootstrap 5 Get Started) (Bootstrap 5 Get
Started) (Bootstrap 5 Grid Basic). Each code example is adapted from standard Bootstrap usage.

Introduction to www, Protocols and Programs, Applications and development


tools, web browsers, DNS, Web hosting Provider, Setting up of
Windows/Linux/Unix web servers, Web hosting in cloud, Types of Web
Hosting
Here are structured, beginner-friendly study notes for BCA 2nd Semester students on the following
topics:

🌐 1. Introduction to WWW (World Wide Web)

 WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.

 Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

 Web pages are written in HTML and are accessed through web browsers.

 Each web page has a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator).

 Works on a client-server model: your browser (client) sends a request to a web server, which
sends back the web page.

🔐 2. Protocols and Programs

📡 Common Web Protocols:

Protocol Full Form Use

HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol Requests and delivers web pages.

Encrypted version of HTTP.


HTTPS HTTP Secure
Secure.

Uploading/downloading files
FTP File Transfer Protocol
to/from servers.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Basic communication protocol of


TCP/IP
Protocol the internet.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol / Post Office


SMTP/POP/IMAP Email services.
Protocol / Internet Message Access Protocol

🧰 Programs (Software):

 Web Browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox) – to access websites.

 Text Editors/IDEs (e.g., VS Code, Sublime) – for coding.

 FTP Clients (e.g., FileZilla) – for file transfer.


 Database Servers (e.g., MySQL, MongoDB) – for data storage.

💡 3. Applications and Development Tools

🧩 Web Applications:

 Social media (Facebook)

 E-commerce (Amazon)

 Online banking

 News websites, blogs, learning platforms (LMS)

🛠 Development Tools:

Tool Type Examples Purpose

Text Editors Notepad++, VS Code Writing code

IDEs Visual Studio, Eclipse Full development environment

Version Control Git, GitHub Code tracking and collaboration

Frameworks React, Angular, Laravel Faster web app development

Design Tools Figma, Adobe XD UI/UX design

🌍 4. Web Browsers

 Software to access web content.

 Converts HTML, CSS, JavaScript into visual web pages.

Examples:

 Google Chrome (most popular)

 Mozilla Firefox

 Microsoft Edge

 Safari (Apple)

 Opera

Features:

 Tabbed browsing

 Bookmarking

 Developer tools (Inspect Element, Console)

 Extensions/add-ons
🧭 5. DNS (Domain Name System)

 Translates domain names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses (like 142.250.190.36).

 Without DNS, you'd have to remember IP addresses.

 Works like a phone book for the internet.

🏢 6. Web Hosting Provider

 Companies that provide space on servers to host websites.

 They ensure:

o Server uptime

o Domain registration

o Technical support

o SSL certificates

Popular Hosting Providers:

 GoDaddy

 Hostinger

 Bluehost

 SiteGround

 AWS (Amazon Web Services)

💻 7. Setting up Windows/Linux/Unix Web Servers

On Windows:

 Use XAMPP/WAMP for local web server setup (includes Apache, PHP, MySQL).

 IIS (Internet Information Services) can be used for ASP.NET websites.

On Linux/Unix:

 Install Apache or Nginx server.

 Use LAMP Stack: Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP.

 Command-line tools used for configuration.

☁️8. Web Hosting in Cloud

 Cloud hosting uses a network of virtual servers (cloud) rather than a single server.

 Offers scalability, reliability, and faster load times.


Popular Cloud Hosting Platforms:

 AWS

 Google Cloud

 Microsoft Azure

 DigitalOcean

🧳 9. Types of Web Hosting

Type Description Use Case

Shared Hosting Multiple websites on a single server Small websites, blogs

Growing websites needing more


VPS Hosting Virtual Private Server, shared but isolated
control

Dedicated Hosting Entire server for one website High-traffic or large sites

Cloud Hosting Website hosted on multiple servers Highly scalable apps

Managed Hosting Hosting with full support Beginners or non-tech users

Colocation You own the hardware, host at provider's


Enterprise-level control
Hosting facility

✅ Conclusion

Understanding the WWW and how web content is developed, hosted, and accessed is essential for
web developers. This foundational knowledge helps students move toward creating their own
websites using web technologies and hosting platforms.

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