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Lecture-63 Circuit Breaker Part-3

The document provides an overview of various types of circuit breakers, including Air, SF6, Vacuum, and Oil Circuit Breakers, detailing their operational principles and applications. It highlights the characteristics of each type, such as the use of different mediums for arc quenching and insulation. Additionally, it discusses the Current Chopping phenomenon, particularly in relation to Air Blast Circuit Breakers.

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ankitkumsin82
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21 views27 pages

Lecture-63 Circuit Breaker Part-3

The document provides an overview of various types of circuit breakers, including Air, SF6, Vacuum, and Oil Circuit Breakers, detailing their operational principles and applications. It highlights the characteristics of each type, such as the use of different mediums for arc quenching and insulation. Additionally, it discusses the Current Chopping phenomenon, particularly in relation to Air Blast Circuit Breakers.

Uploaded by

ankitkumsin82
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Current Chopping

Current Chopping
Ratings of CB
Ratings of CB
Rated Voltage
Ratings of CB
Rated Current
Ratings of CB
Number of unit operations
Ratings of CB
Breaking Capacity of CB
Symmetrical breaking current
Asymmetrical breaking current.
Ratings of CB
Symmetrical Breaking Current
Ratings of CB
Asymmetrical breaking current
Ratings of CB
Making Capacity
Ratings of CB
Short Time Current Rating
Ratings of CB
Classification of Circuit Breakers
The different types of high voltage circuit
breakers include the following
Air Circuit Breaker
SF6 Circuit Breaker
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Oil Circuit Breaker
Air Circuit Breaker
This circuit breaker will operate in the air;
the quenching medium is an Arc at
atmospheric pressure. ACB is still a
preferable choice to use an Air circuit
breaker up to 15KV.

The two types of air circuit breakers are


Plain air circuit breaker
Air blast Circuit Breaker
Plain Air Circuit Breaker
The arc chute will have many small
compartments and has many divisions
which are metallic separated plates. Here
each of the small compartments behaves as
a mini-arc chute and the metallic separation
plate act like arc splitters. All arc voltages
will be higher than the system voltage when
the arc will split into a series of arcs. It is
only preferable for low voltage applications.
Air Blast Circuit Breaker
Airblast circuit breakers are used for a
system voltage of 245 kV, 420 kV, and also
even more. Airblast circuit breakers are of
two types:
Axial blast breaker
Axial blast with sliding moving contact.
SF6 Circuit Breaker
In the SF6 circuit breaker, the current-
carrying contacts operate in sulfur
hexafluoride gas is known as an SF6 circuit
breaker. It is an excellent insulating property
and high electro-negativity. It can be
understood that the high affinity of
absorbing free electrons. The negative ion is
formed when a free electron collides with
the SF6 gas molecule; it is absorbed by that
gas molecule.

SF6 is 100 times more effective in arc


quenching media than an air circuit breaker.
It is used for both medium and high voltage
electrical power system from 33KV to
800KV.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
A Vacuum circuit breaker is a circuit in
which a vacuum is used to extinct the arc. It
has dielectric recovery character, excellent
interruption, and can interrupt the high-
frequency current which results from arc
instability, superimposed on the line
frequency current.
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
The moment contacts of the breaker are
opened in a vacuum, i.e. 10-7 to 10-5 Torr an
arc is produced between the contacts by the
ionization of metal vapors of contacts. Here
the arc quickly gets extinguished, this
happens because the electrons, metallic
vapors, and ions produced during the arc,
condense quickly on the surface of the CB
contacts, resulting in quick recovery of
dielectric strength.
Oil Circuit Breaker

In this type of circuit, breaker oil is used, but


mineral oil is preferable. It acts better insulating
property than air. The moving contact and fixed
contact are immersed inside the insulating oil.
When the separation of current takes place, then
carrier contacts in the oil, the arc in the circuit
breaker is initialized at the moment of separation
of contacts, and because of this arc in the oil is
vaporized and decomposed in hydrogen gas and
finally creates a hydrogen bubble around the arc.

This highly compressed gas bubble around and


arc prevents re-striking of the arc after the
current reaches zero crossings of the cycle. The
OCB is the oldest type of circuit breaker.
Different Types of Circuit
Breakers in Oil Type

Bulk oil circuit breaker


Minimum oil circuit breaker
Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker (BOCB)

In the BOCB, oil is used to arc the quenching media


and also for insulating media in between earth parts of
circuit breaker and current-carrying contacts. The
same transformer insulating oil is used.

The working principle of the BOCB says when the


current-carrying contacts in the oil are separated, then
an arc is generated between the separated contacts.
The arc which is established will produce a rapidly
growing gas bubble around the arc. The moving
contacts will move away from the fixed contact of the
arc and this results in the resistance of the arc get
increased. Here the increased resistance will cause
lowering the temperature. Hence the reduced
formations of gasses surround the arc.
Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker

It is a circuit breaker that utilizes oil as the interrupting


media. The minimum oil circuit breaker will place the
interrupting unit in an insulating chamber at the live
potential. But insulating material is available in the
interrupting chamber. It requires less amount of oil so it
is called a minimum oil circuit breaker.
In Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker, Oil is used for
(a) Insulating medium
(b) Arc Quenching medium
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
Current Chopping Phenomenon is most severe in Air Blast Circuit
Breakers.
In Vacuum Circuit Breaker, arc is formed without any medium.

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