ROAD SAFETY

TIPS
Always look out for pedestrians they are more wlnerable
because unlike the naotorist they have no protection from the
impact of an accident.

Be especially cautious ebout children, as they are smaller and

less coordinated than adults and often exercise poor judgment
with regard to the direction of sound and the speed at which
vehicles are moving.

Slow down when the rrad is wet

Driving on wet roads can be very dangerous especially for the
unwary or inexperienced driver. Though a skid on wet roads may
be frightening the greatest danger arises when the water pressure
is heavy enough to c&ilse the car to rise up and glide on a thin
layer of water between your tires and the road causing the
vehicle to be totally out of contact with the road. This
phenomenon is called hydroplaning. If this occurs do not
atlempt to suddenly brake or turn. Ease your foot off the gas
until'the car slows down and you can feel tire road again. If iou
need to brake, do it gently with light pumping actions.

A simple rule of thurnb when driving on wet roads is drive

slowkend carefully and be sure to steer and brake with a light
touch especially on curves. Do not brake hard or lock the wheels
if you need to stop or slow down.

Use'protective devices and make sure they are proper$

secuned.
o The diagonal strap of the seat belt should be fitted close to
the neck gtaight across the shoulder and breastbone.
o Make sure the belt lies flat against the body and do not allow
it to trvist.
o Never incline the backrest so that the belt's diagonal strap is
removed from the shoulder as this reduces the effectiveness
of the device-
Always carry children in the appropriate child restraint
system.
o Use infant carriers for babies under 20 lbs and six months
old.
o Child seats for toddlers, i.e. when the baby is able to sit on
his own, weighs between 20 40lbs (six monthsto 4 yean).
o Booster seats or booster cushions should be used when the
child has passed 40 lbs, from 4 - 8 years old or when fte
child's head is higher that the back of the child seat.
Make sure that your vchicle and tyres are in good condition
Over-inflation reduces the shock absorbing property of tyres an
increases their risk of being damaged on impact. It reduces the
contact area between road and tyre and affects the vehicles
sleering and cornering ability. Over inflation as well as under
infldtion can cause "blow out"
Tips for proper tyre use/care
. Keep tyres at the pressure recommended by the vehicle
manufacturer
o Check tyre pressure at least once per forfrright when the tyres
are cold. If the pressure is down more than 35kpa/5 psi
('pounds per square inch) take the tyre to a repair expert.
o Fit tyres of the same type, size and ply rating.
o Front-wheel drive cars have increased the importance of
regular tyre rotation. This practice will maximise overall
thread life and o'even-out" front and rear wheel pafrerns.
o Aligl and balance wheels every 20,000 kilometres or at least
once per year.
o On the (iscovery of vibrations in the steering as speed is
increasad" take your vehicle to the ali$rment specialist to
diagnose and rectifr the problem.

Pnctise defensive driving

Defensive driving is p tactical approach in which the driver
expects the unexpected and remains attentive to the actions of
other road users, to ensure that nothing is taken for granted. Key
factors that promote gbod defensive driving practicei are:
o Planning - deciding your destination points beforc hmd and
the route you intend to take.
 Observing - keeping a watchfirl eye on the actions of other
road users.
O Anticipating - expecting the unexpected and not being
taken by surprise.
/a
Staying in Confrol -'maintain proper guiding influence m
the vehicle.
i

Contributed by
I
IheRoad SafetyUnig
.l
I
Ministry of Transport and Works
,l
TO ALL ROAD USERS
l. All persons have a right to use the road for the purpose ofpassage.
2. Be careful and cautious at all times to all road users.
3. Give special consideration to children, the elderly and
handicapped.
4. Be very alert when driving near Schools, Hospitals, and
Infirmaries.
5. Look out for the blind and render everv assistance and
consideration.
6. Keep animals off the streets and highways. Straying animals can
cause accidents.

VEHICLE CONDITION
7. Always ensure that your vehicle is roadworthy. Pay special and
regular attention to brakes, lights, steering, tyres (including
spares), seat belts, exhaust system, windscreen wipers and
washers. Inadequate maintenance can cause major accidents. Keep
windscreens, windows, lights, indicators, reflectors, mirrors and
number plates clean and clear. Ensure your seat, seat belts, head
rest and mirrors are properly adjusted before you drive.
Motorcycle riders and pillion passengers should wear safety
helmets, eye protectors, strong boots and gloves, as well as clothes
that will help to protect you if you fall. Pi[ion passengers must sit
properly and keep both feet on the footrests.

ALCOHOL AND THE MOTORIST

t. Be sure that your alertness is not affected by alcohol, drugs or
fatigue before using the road.
"Remember if you drink don't drive, and if you are going to
drive don't drink". The same applies ta some drigs or
medications.
PEDESTRIANS
9. Always use the sidewalk or footpath where there is one. Avoid
walki,ng on the roadway or too close to the kerb, with your back to
the traffic. Where there is no sidewalk or footpath walk on the
right hand side of the road so that you can see oncoming vehicles.
Take care at sharp right hand corners; it is much safer to cross the
road before you reach one so that oncoming traffic will have a
better chance seeing you.
WALKING ON UNLIT STREETS
10. Be especially careful and alert when walking on unlit streets. \Vear
light-coloured clothing or carry something that will allow you to
' be seen by motorists using headlights.
CR,OSSING THE ROAD AT NIGHTS
I l. Ifthere is no pedestrian crossing nearby, cross near a street light so
that traffic can see you more easily.

CROSSING BETWEEN PARKED VEIIICLES

12. Never walk out into the roadway from in front or behind srationary
vehicles, especially buses and trucks. Stop there and make sure
you can see all around and that traffic can see you before you
cross. Never stand in front or behind a vehicle that has its ensine
running.
13. Do not play or loiter on the roadway.
14. Young children should not be allowed to walk alone on the
sidewalk until they can understand to use it properly. It is the
parent's responsibility to decide at what age children are able to
use it safely by themselves.
15. Avoid standing near pools of water collected on the roadway, you
may get splashed.

PEDESTRIAI\ CROSSING
16. Always use the pedestrian crossing when one is provided. Give
traffic enough time to see you and to stop before you start to cross,
especially when the road is wet. Do not cross the road until the
traffic has stopped.
l6a.When traffic has stoppt-,d, waik straight across quickly. Keep
looking both ways in case a driver or rider has not seen you and
attempts to overtake a vehicle that has stopped.

CROSSING AT ROAD JUNCTION

17. When crossing the road at a junction look out for traffic turning
the corner especially from behind you.

18. At junctions controlled by traffic light signals, carefully watch the

lights and traffic before you cross on the green light facing you.

CR.OSSING AT A PEDESTRIAN CONTROLLED TRAFFIC

LIGHT
19. At traffic lights controlled by pedestrians, press the button
and wait. When the red hand shows, do not cross. When the light
changes to the white figure, check to see that traffic has stopped
and then cross with care. Soon after the white figure will start to
flash. This means that you should not start to cross, but, if you
have already started to cross you would have time to finish safely.
20. Atjunctions controlled by a police officer or a traffic warden,
cross only when the Officer indicates that you may go.
 21 . Do not stand in the crossing. Once you have entered the crossing
and
traffic has stopped cross as quickly as possible. Do
not loiter; the
pedestrian crossing.
ADVICE TO CHILDREN
Do not amempr to get on and off a moving vehicle.
??.
23. Do not play or chase each other into the roadway.
24. Always use school crossings and obey your school
crossing patrols.
AT THE BUS STOP
Always give a clear signal if you want the bus
to stop at the Bus
stop' Remain on the sidewalk until the bus has
come to a comprete
stop.
GETTING ON OR OFF THE BUS
Only get on the bu:.yh"l it has sropped to
allow you to get on. r

Never cross rhe road directly behind oi in rront

of a bus. wuir"untit i,
has moved and you can see the road clearly
in both directions.
25' If there is an island in the middle of the
road or crossing, wait on the
island and make sure that it is safe before
you cross the second harf
of the road.

26. W.hen a crossing is controlled by a police

offrcer, traffrc warden or
school crossing patrol, do not cross the road
until you are ,r*O *"
signal to do so. Always walk in front of them.

27. When crossing a one way sfieer check

which way the traffic is
moving. Do not cross until, it is safe to do
so *itf,*r,Lppi"g. I"
some one way streets, a bus lane operates
in the opposite dir;;do;.
CROSSING A BUS LANE
28' vehicles in bus lanes may be going faster than traffic in other
lanes.
Do not cross until it is safe to ao sJ.
be riding in the bus lanes.
Watch out for *io *uy
"y"ff.t,
EMERGENCY VEHTCLES (ADVTCE TO
PEDESTRIANS)
29. Ifyou see or hear an emergency vehicle keep
offthe road.
EMERGENCY VEHTCLES (ADVrcE TO DRTVERS)
30. If you see or hear ambulances, fire
engines, police or other
emergency vehicles with their sirens sounding
o,
flashing, the following rules should be observed;
Utue lilits
(a) Drive your vehicle as noar possible to the
(b) Stop and remain stationary until the
left of the road c kerb
emergency vehicre shar!
have passed.
(c) Pedestrians on the road should immediately proceed to the
.. sidewalk and stop until the emergency vehicle shall have
passed.
Drivers should not follow closer than 150 metres (5fi) feet) behind
any emergency vehicle. r

TIREDNESS OR ILLNESS
DO NOT DRIVE if you f'eel tired or ill. If you feel tired while
driving find a saf-e place to stop and rest.
LOADS
32. All loads carried must be secured and must not stick out dangerously.
You must not overload your vehicle.
MOVING FROM A PARKED POSITION
33. Before you attempt to move out look around and wait until it is safe
to do so. Give the proper hand or indicator light signal before
moving off. Check the rear view mirrors. Look out for vehicles
overtaking.

MOTORCYCLES
34. T}lre rider of a motorcycle or scooter must wear safety helmets, eye
protectors strong boots and gloves, also clothes that will help to
protect you if you fall.
34a.If you are learning to ride a motorcycle or scooter you must not carry
a pillion passenger, pull a trailer or ride solo motorcycle with an
engine capacity in excess of 125cc.
34b.Do not drive under the influence of drugs or medicines. Ask your
doctor or pharmacist if it is safe to drive when taking prescribed
medicines.

L.PLATES
35. All vehicles under the control of a learner must display L-Plates at
the front and the rear of vehicles. Plates should be removed or
cqvered whenever the vehicle is not under a learner's control.
TINTED GLASS
36. At nights or in poor visibility, it is not safe to use tinted glasses or
visors or other tinted materials for windscreens and windows.

VISION
37. You must be able to read a vehicle registration plate from a distance
of ?-O.5 metres (67 ft.) which is about five car ldngths. If you need
glasses or contact lqnses to do this you must wear them wheq
&iving.
SEAT BELTS
-j8. Wearing seat belts can save lives and reduce thc lisk of serious
injury in an accident. You should wear a seat helt il'one is
available.

CHILDREN IN CARS
39. Do not allow children to sit behind the rear seat in a station wagon
or hatchback car. Make sure the child saf'ety locks, where fitGd,
are used when children are in the car.

CAR TELEPHONES & CELLULAR PHONES

40. Do not use a hand-held telephone or rnicrophone while you are
driving. Find a saf'e place to stop first. You must maintain proper
control of your vehicle at all times.

TRAFFIC LIGHTS & SIGNAI,S

41. You must obey all traffic light signals, traffic signs and road
nrarkings at all times, unless you are instructed to do otherwise by
a police officer or any other authorized person directing traffic.

SIGNALS
42. Give signals clearly ancl early to help and warn other road users
including pedestrians. Make sure the indicator light is cancelled
after use.
43. Watch out for signals given by other road users.
44. You must obey all signals given bv police officers, traffic wardens
or school patrols.

DRIVING YOUR VEHICLE

MOVING OFF
45. (See Page 17)

DRIVING ALONG
46. Keep to the left unless you are about to overtake, turn right, pass
parked vehicles or pedestrians in the road. Do not drive on the
footpath or pavement by the side of the road, except for access to
property.

MIRRORS
47. LIse your mirrors as often as is necessary to always know what is
behind and to each side of you. Use them long before you turn or
change lanes or speed. Give the proper hand or indicator light
signal, if you need to.
48. MOTORCYCLISTS should always look behind before
manouvering.

9
49. Watch out for cycles and-motorcycles. Thcy ue much harder to
spot than larger vehicles. Remember that cyclists have the same
rights as other road users. Give them plenty of room especially if
you are driving a long vehicle or trailer.

DRTVING LARGE OR SLOWMOVING VEHICLES

50. Do not hold a long line of traffic. If you are driving a large or slow
moving vehicle on a narow or winding road, or there is a lot of
traffic coming towards you, pull in when you are able to do so
safely so that other vehicles can pass.

SPEED LIMITS
51. Do not exceed speed limits. Drive slowly in residential areas. A
speed limit does not mean that it is safe to drive at that speed.
Drive according to road conditions. Slow down if the road is wet,
slippery or if there is fog. Drive slowly at nights as it is harder to
see pedestrians and cyclists

STOPPING DISTANCES
52. Always be able to stop your vehicle well within the distance from
which you can see the road to be clear, and make allowances when
the road is wet or slippery. Leave enough space between you and
the vehicle in front of you so that you.can pull up safely if it
suddenly slows down or stops. The gap should be more on wet or
slippery roads. Large vehicles and motor cycles need more time to
stop than cars.

DRIVINGINFOG
53. lvlakc sure your windscreens, windows and tighis areclean and that
all lights are working (including brake lights). Use dipped
headlights, reduce speed and keep a safe distance behind the
vehicle in front. Remember to turn off lights when visibitity
improves.

OVERTAXING
54. Do not overtaka unless you can do so without danger to other road
users and yourself.
MOTORCYLISTS AND PEDAL CYCLISTS should look
behind and to the right side before overtaking. Signal before you
move out' Do not overtake at a pcdestrian crossing, railway
crossing, road junction, corner or bend, where the road
mrows or where therc b an unbroken white line in the centre
of the roadway. Remember to chcck your mirrors and give
pnopcr signals bdore you overtake.

10
ROADJUNCTIONS
55. Approach all road junctions with caution and be in full control of
your vehicle at all times. Bring your vehicle to a complete stop at
all stop signs or stop lights and proceed only when it is safe to do
so. At traffic lights do not pnter the intersection on the red or
amber. If the amber light comes on while you-are in the
intersection you may proceed cautiously.
Do not block the intersection although you may have the right of
way or green signal.

FILTER LIGHTS
56. Do not enter the filter lane unless you intend to turn in the
direction of tbe green arrow at a road junction controlled by traffic
lights.

TURNING
57. Before you turn at a junction position your vehicle properly, give
the proper signal and turn carefully. Look out especially for
pedestrians.

BUSES
58. Give way to buses whenever it is safe to do so especially when
they signal to pull out from bus stops. Look out for people leaving
the bus or crossing the road.

ANIMALS
59. Watch out for animals on the road. Drive slowly past them, and be
prepared to stop. Do not sound your horn.

SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL CROSSINGS

60. Drive slowly near schools and when passing a stationary school
bus. You must stop when the school patrol shows a STOP
CHILDREN CROSSING sign.

THE SATETY OF PEDESTRIANS

61. Drivb safely and slowly when there are pedestrians about,
especially in crowded streets or residential areas. Watch for
pedestrians emerging suddenly into the road, especially from
behind parked vehicles.

APPROACHING PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

62. Look out for people waiting to cross especially children, the
elderly and the disabled. Allow extra time to slow down or stop on
wet roads. Do not wave people across; this could be dangerous if
another vehicle is coming. Do not overtake at the crossing.

11
POLICE STOPPING VEHICLES
63. If the police want to stop your vehicle they will attract your
attention with a stop. signal or by flashing their blue lights or
sounding their siren or horn. The officer will direct you to pull
over to the side of the road. Pull over and stop when it is safe to do
so then switch off Your engine.

ROUNDABOUT
64. Recluce your speetl and clecide as early as possible which way you
want to go, so that you can get into the correct lane' Give way to
traffic on your right unless traffic light signals or a police officer
indicates otherwise. watch out for traffic already in the round-
aboutespeciallycyclistsandmotorcylists.Therearenorightsol.
way at a roundabout. Yield right of way to vehicles already in the
roundabout.

REVERSING
65. Befbre you do, make sure that there are no pedestrians (children in
particular) or obstructions in the road behind you' Get someone to
guide you if you cannot see clearly' Reverse with care and not
longer than necessary on the road.

LANE DISCPLINE
66. Do not drive your vehicle in two lanes' Where the roads are
marked with white lines keep within the road markings' Do not
cross the continuous white line in order to overtake. Do not
switch
from lane to lane. Ifyou have to move to another lane give your
signals early. Make sure you are in the proper lane for turning
or
going straight before you reach the intersection' Always check

lour.i.toti, make sure it is safe and give the appropriate signals

before switching lanes.

ROAD MARKINGS
67, a. Short broken white lines divide the road into lanes, keep in
one lane. Do not cross or overtake unless it is safe to do so'
b'Wherethereisacontinuouswhitelineyoumustnotovertake.
c. A broken white line at a roundabout or slip road means give
way to vehicles on the right and proceed only when it is safe
to do so.

WHITE DIAGONAL LINES

68. Areas with diagonal stripes on the road are to separate traffic
lanes

or to protect traffic turning right' You must not enter areas

bordered with an unbroken line except in an emergency'

12
PEDAL CYCLISTS
69 a. Keep as near to the left ofthe road as possible except you are
about to turn right or overtake
b. Ride in single file
c. Do not hold on to another vehicle or cyclist
d. Do not ride too closely behind a moving vehicle
e. Do not carry anything that will interfere with the proper
control of your machine
f. Never ride without holding the handle bar.
C. Do not ride without lights after sundown.
h, Equip your cycle or machine with head lights, tail lamps and
reflectors
i. Observe all other rules applicable to motorists
RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING
70. A level crossing is where the road crosses railway lines. Always
approach and cross it with care. If there is a stop sign or stop light
signal it should be obeyed. If there is no stop sign slow down and
be prepared to stop, look in both directions and listen before you
cross the lines. If there are gates, stop as the gateman signals you
to do so, and proceed only when he so indicates NEVER STOP
YOUR VEHICLE ON TTIE LINES.
If the crossing is equipped with a flashing light signal be prepared
to stop as soon as the light begins to flash. Do not cross until the
flashing light has stopped. Before moving off, look both ways,
listen and make sure it is safe to cross the lines.
LIGHTS
71. Alwdys drive within the limits of your headlights at nights. Dip
your headlights when approaching oncoming vehicles, following
another vehicle, in areas with adequate street lighting. And in,
daytime when it is misty.
Never drive a vehicle on the road at nights without adequate
lights. Never drive your vehicle with the hazard light in
ope'ration.
STOPPING AND PARKING
72. \\e following rules should be observed before you stop or park
your vehicle. Before you or your passenger open the door make
sure it will not hit anyone passing on the road or sidewalk or force
them to swerve. Watch out for children, pedestrians, cyclists and
motorcyclists. It is safer to get out on the side nearest to the kerb.
Switch off engine and headlights and pull up the handbrake firurly
before leaving the vehicle. Always lock your vehicle. Do not park
your vehicle where it endangers or inconveniences pedestrians or
other road users. (Other rules on Pages 19 & 60)

13
 LEARNING TO DRIVE
Learning to drive a cat like any other skill, attained only by
'is
patiencq careful study and practice. Good driving is based on good
habits. The experienced driver may not appear to think what he is
going to do next, but his every action is the result of thought,
planning, and proper practice. His action becomes almost reflex and
inevitable in the sequence of hand and foot movements.

The beginner must go through three stages. The first can be

described as theory and the second and third stages as preliminary and
advanced practice.

STAGE ONE is introductory, getting to know the car and its

controls. Before setting the car in motion, and even starting the
enging the beginner should know the position of the controls and go
through the motions of using them over and over until the pressing of
a certain pedal and the correct changing of a gear become a habit.

STAGE TWO is mastering the controls while the car is in motion in

a quiet area. This is a mechanical and slightly more complicated
stage. At this point the slower the progress, the more lasting the
results. The beginner must avoid the mistake of so many would-be
drivers who imagine themselves competent after nothing more than a
trial run.

STAGE THREE is to drive on the open road and in traffic. Many

new factors now arise and the learner must take into account what the
law calls due consideration for other users of the road mainly
pedestrians, cyolists and other drivers.

This is the challenge to master steering and control on your way to

becbming a good driver.

DRTVING POSITION

From the driving seat, the controls should be easily and comfortably
accessible. Adjust your seat backwards or forwards to maintain a
suitable driving position. Be thoroughly relaxed at the wheel, with the
maximum vision to the front and sides. The rear-view mirror should
be positioned for observation ofthe road behind, for a distance ofat
least ninety metres (100 yds.).

14
 THE CONTROLS
The controls are not_qlways plac-ed in exactly the same position in
different makes of cars. d;6;;;
Jn9 nrinirnat controls are very simita;.
and the instruction book foi a pdrticular make of *iti t*"el-rini
variation. "-
Th"te_"t-r six principal controls which arc essential for cuidine
and re_gulating the speed of the manual transmission car. flr6y art:l

(!) lteegng wheel-(2) _Clutch pedal (3) Bralrepedal

(4) Accelerator pedal (5) Cear-Lever (6) Hand 6rake

GEARLEVER
STEERINGWIIEEL
(Alternative

ft
HANDBRAKEI
Fw$
I ELERA'TOR
|L
-FOOTBRAKE
CLUTCH

The five principal contrrols of thri automatic transmlsslon car.

GEARSELECTOR

STEERINGWIIEEL

ft
HAND BRAKE
wY I ACCELERATOR
L_ FOOT BR AKE
Thene arc also other contrrls with which a learner must be familigr;.
(1) Ipition arid Starter switch (2) Uehr switches (3) Horn (4) Scrcen
wipers (5) Direction indicators (6) Flazard lights switch

15
USES OF CONTROLS

THE STEERING WHEEL imparts guiding movem€nts to the front

wheels. For freedom of movement, balance and maximum control. the
best steering holds are wit\ the hands at a ten-to-two or quarter-to
three o'clock position. Hold fhe steering wheel by the rim (never bythe
spokes) lightly but firmly po you can 'feel' the car. Remember-that
resting an elbow on the.window ledge restricts movement which might
be vital in an emergency.
TIIE CLI.ITCH is used to engage and disengage the transmission and
*ull" smooth shifting of gears. clutch practice is especialry beneficial
to the learner, the aim being to depress the pedal with the minimum
effort and maximum ass'rance. Skill in releasing the clutch gently
makes for smootlrness in engaging and changing gears. Never rest the
foot on the clutch pedal while the car is in motion. It leads to
premature wear and a slipping clutch.
THEACCELERATOR controls the flow of gas entering the
engine, causing it to run faster, or slower. The spring-Ioaded
accelerator pedal allows the throttle valve to close offuntii it riaches a
prearranged stop, when the foot pressure is relaxed. The accelerator
pedal exercises delicate control and should be treated gently. Sudden
acceleration or deceleration is not onlyjerky but dangerous.
TI{E GEAR LEVER controls the gear-box, an essential part of the
vehicle to develop any real amount ofpower or rate ofspeed. The gear
lever is generally located on the floor. The beginner must understand
prop€r gear-changing, the most important of the manual driving
processes.
Tm GEAR SELECTOR in the automatic'car controls the automatic
transmission. The automatic selector in most modern cars is
positioned on the floor and the beginner must leam the proper use of
the positions.
THE CHOKE when pulled out, admits a richer mixture of gas into
the engine for easy starting when the weather is cold. The choke must
be immediately returned to a normal position after the engine is
warmed up. (Ihis is now automatic in most modern can)

BEFCIRE STARTING THE ENGTNE

l. See that all doors are closed. Faslen your Seat BeIt.
2. Adjust the rear-view mirror. you mpst neier start, stop, slow
dovm, overtake, turn a c(rn€r or opoi a door before first look_
ing in the rear-view mirror to make sure it is safe to do so.
3. see that the gear lever (or automatic selector) is in the nersral
positior before touching the starter.

16
4. See that the hand-bnake is up, or in other words holding. The
neutral and hand-brake is a must routine, otherwise if the car is
in gear when the angine is started it will jump forward probably
causing accidents.

CORRECT STEERING HOLDS FORSTRAIGHT DRTVING

QUARTER TO THREE TEN TO TWO

MOVING OFF
kt us assume that you have switched on the ignition, ordinarily done
by tuming a removable key. You now neefl to work the starter, which is
either a press bufton or pull-out knob org{ additional turn of ignition key
on the dashboard, for the engine to fire(There now remains the problem
of moving off properly by the following steps:-

l. Depress the clutch pedal to its fullest extent and serecr first gear
position. Move the gear selector to D (Drive) if the vehicle is
automatic.
2. Release the hand brake lever. R.emember that rele,^se is a bit more
difficult than application because the lever generally held in by place
by a ratchet, and it is n€cessary to pull the lever further towand the
learner to release it.
3. Glance in your rear-view mirror and look around to see that tt s
clear before you move.
4. Applyslight, but steadypressure on the accelerator pedal, and
4t the same time let the clutch pedal refurn slowly to its normal
position. About half-way Gtween '\e down and. up positions
of the clutch, the car will begin to move. It should, in a proper
operation, pull away without any jerk
In the automatic vehicle, apply slight but steady pressure on the
accelerator pedal and the vehicle will begin to move.
The car is now being driven in first gear and the gradual
pressure on the accelerator is increased.
Remember to check your rear-view mirron, wait until the way is clear and
give the proper hand or indicator light signal before you attempt to move off.

't7
GEAR CHANGING
Having attained a speed of about eight kilometers (five miles) per
hour it it now time to changg to second gear. When changing gear do
not look dovm at the controls. You must learn to master this exercise
without taking your eyes off,the road. For the gear-changing the
sequence of operation is similar to that detailed in the previous
paragraph.

1. Depress the clutch pedal to its fullest extent, and at the same
time release the pressure on the accelerator pedal.
2 Move the gear lever through neutral into the second gear posi-
tion. _/-)
3. Let the clutch in slightly quicker than before and at the same
time gently press the accelerator.
4. Repeat the above process for changing into third or high gear.

The automatic car does not require the driver to shift the selector
during normal forward motion.

4 SPEED GEAR BOX ALTERNATIVE COLUMN SHIFT

3SPEEDGEARBOX s SPEED qEAR BOX

18 --
FORJVIIJLA FOR GEAR CHAITGES
(Four speed & five speed gear-box)
This formula may vary, depending on the tJ@e or model vehicle.
Up to 8 kn/h (5 m.p.h) and not exceeding 13 km/h (8 n.p.h) lst gear
Up to 13 km/h (8 m.p.h) and r.rot exbeeding 16 km/h (10 m.p.h) 2nd geat
Up to 24 km/h (15 m.p.h) and not exceeding 3zkrrlh (20 m.p.h) 3rd gear
Up to 33 km/h (21 m.p.h) and over 4th gear
Up to 48 km/h (30 m.p.h),and over 5th gear
fhree speed gear - box
Up to 8 km/h (5 m.p.h) and not excee{ng 16 kn/h (10 rn.p.h) lst gear
Up to 16 km/h (10 m.p.h) and not exce{ing z4krr{h (15 rn.p.Jr) 2nd gear
Up to 24 km/h (15 m.p.h) and not exceeding Szkrnlh (20 m.p.h) 3rd gear
CHAI{GING DOWN
The aim of changing dovrn is to obtain more power from.the engine,
e.g. when ascending hills, at corners and in traffic. A ldw gear gives
better braking or quicker acceleration in order to move./out of danger.
On a greasy corner, an unknown hill, or difficult traffid, a good rule is,
when in doubt, change down. The situation can best be appreciated by
imagining that the car is climbing a steep hill in top gear and that the
speed has fallen to about 16 or 24 kilometers (approximately l0 or 15)
miles per hour. At that speed the engine labours badly or even
struggles, or stalls, if the attempt is made to accelerate. A change to
lower gear should therefore be made, with the following sequence of
operations:-
l. Release the accelerator pedal,firmly press down the clutch pedal,
and slip the gear change lever into neutral.
2. Release the clutch pedal, and, immediately afterwards, depress
the accelerator pedal sharply.
3. Release the accelerator pedal, depress the clutch pedal, and move
the gear into the required position.
4. Release the, clutch pedal, and press dovm the accelerator pedal
until the required speed is obtained.
Note: YoSr must change down in the proper sequence; that is 5-4-3-2-l
- The automatic car changes down by itself when necessary.
STOPPING
l. Release the accelerator pedal.
2. Depress the footbrake firmly'and smootf,ly.
3. When the speed is reduced considerably, dgpress the clutch
pedal and keep it down, until the car is brought to a standstill.
4. Apply the handbrake.
5.. Mow the gear lever into neutral position and then release the
clutch pedal gently.

19
 CORNERING

The rule about keeping to the left is particularly important wtren

taking corners. For aleft-hand corner, keep as close tothe left edge of
the road as possible without hi$ing thskerb.

with a right-handreo6d, the left side of the road must still be used,
although here the case is somewhat different. Do not q,t right hand
comers; but go around an imaginary policeman standing in the centre
ofthe road you are going to enter.

Never turn without looking in the mirror as you approach the corner
and rememb€r to give the proper signal in g@ time.
OVERTAKING

Passing another vehicle on the road requires care, skill and patience.
Accidents in these circumstances are fiequently caused by impltience
-on the part ofthe driver ofthe overtaking vehicle.

The conditions of overtaking are:-

First, see that the road ahead is clear for a great enough distance to perrrit 6e
car to complete the act of overtaking and then to draw again to the left side.
Secon4 make sure there are no other vehicles coming from behind to prevent
the operation.

If the driver has any doubt that these two condition are fulfilled, it is
wiser not to overtake. Moreover, approaching traffic should be
allowed to pass safely before overtaking is attempted.

Don't take chances. Remember after /glancing in the rear-view

mirror, and making sure that nobody is on your trail, the hand signal
must be given, that is (I am going to turn right).
!

Overtaking opportunities can often be anticipated on a comparatively

20
straight stretch of road. But you should NEVER overtake at a road
junction, a corner or bend, on the brow of a hill, at a pedestrian
crosshg;-on a humpback bridge, where the road narrows, or where the
road is divided with an unbroken white line. (Study Part Three).

Never accelerate while you are being overtaken. It is discourteous,

can constitute dangerous driving, and can cause accidents.

BRAKING
-The goldan rule for brakes is: Use as liftle as possible, and never
brake suddenly, except in an elnergency. Observance of this rule will
make little, if any difference to the overall time of a journey: and in
fact, using the engine as a brake allows more gentle retardation and
quicker acceleration.

Try to anticipate when it will be necessary to slow down or stop,

then release the accelerator while rernaining in gear. In top gear,
especially at higher speeds, this action has a noticeable braking effect,
and the effect is correspondingly greater in lower gears.

Braking Accelerating

INCORRECT CORRECT
A good driver willslow his.car before reachinga bend
and then drive around it, instead of braking while acdually
on the bend.

When you have to cut speed as, for ingqricc, when approaghing a
sharp bend, and more especially before b sharp right or left turn, a
change down to a lower gear than that being used sho'uld be made well
in advance. Besides saving the brakes, the loiver gear perrnits mae
rapid abceleration when the turn has been completed. The same
process can be adopted to advantage when driving in heavy traffic.

21
EMERGENCY BRAKING
In the case of an emergency, it may not always be possible to go
through the motions of gear changing. In such circumstances the foot
bnake should be used in no uncertain manner. If the brakes are
properly adjusted, the gar will stop in a distance, depending on the
speed at the time of application and the condition of the road surface.
In such emergency braking, depress the clutch pedal so that the engine
is freed.
Under normal driving conditions do not slam on your brakes. Apply
b'rakes firmly and progressively on firm dry surfaces, but very lightly
on wet, greasy, loose surfaces, or other conditions which might induce
skidding.

CLIMBING HILLS
When ascending hills always change down early before the engine
begins to labour. If a steep hill is being approached, the best time to
change down is sometime before reaching the maximum speed at
which the car will travel in the lower gear. The same principle applies
the second time, if a further change down is necessary.
Most hill difficulties are nearly always caused by bad driving. They
arise either from changing down too late, as a result of which the car
loses the necessary momentum, or because of failure to change down
again near the top of the hill in the hope that the car will make the
summit in its present gear, with the .'esult that the engine stalls.

DESCENDING HILLS
Using the mgine as a brake is one of the finer points in the art of
descending hills. It is a good rule to descend a hill in the same gear
that. would be needed to ascend it. tf this rule is followed, it will
sel{om be necessary to use the brakes.
The rule is particularly applicable where the driver, having
previously ascended a hill, knows it from experience. ln other cases,
where the course of a hill and its gradient are unknown or in doubt, it
is as well to put the vehicle in a lower gear than might at first be
'thought necessary. As the hill makes itself known,
a change up
through the gears can be made; a higher gear being engaged each time
the drag of the engine becomes greater than the momentum of the car.
ln the automatic car, the shift lever can be manually downshifted
from Drive to low in order to use the engine for increased braking
when driving downhill and increased power when driving uphill.
(Some automatics use the format 2-l to designate those gears lower
than Drive.)
The automatic car should be manually shifted to low when
descending a steep gradient.

22
REVERSING
We have up to now concerned owselves with driving.the car in the
normal way by mgaging the forward gears. It is now time fm the
learner to tackle the task ofreversing.
He should by now know the reverse gear position on the gear change
lever. Let us assume that the engine is running, but that the car is
stationary. The next step is to depress the clutch pedal and move the
gear lever into the reverse position. Now release the clutch pedal
while at the same time depressing the accelerator, the same simulta-
neous but gradual action required for mor.ing forward.

The shift selector in the automatic car should be put in the R.

position after the vehicle has been bro0ght to a complete stop. (It is
important that the automatic vehicle be stationary when Revcrse (R)
and Park (P) are selected, otherwise gearbox damage may result.)
The reverse movement can be achieved by increasing the pressure.
on the accelerator pedal, although high speeds are not desirable in
reverse, particularly for a beginner. When reversing to the right, turn
your head to look over your right shoulder, and over your left
shoulder for a reverse to the left. Rernember to turn your body well
round, or you may feel a strain on your neck. Whether reversing into
a limited opening either on the right or left or more easily on a
straight stretch, it should be done with reasonable accuracy, avoiding
haste and showing consideration for pedestrians and approaching
vehicles.
To stop the car, depress the clutch and brake pedals. See that the
gear lever is moved back into the neutral position before the clutsh
pedal is finally releaseci.

DRIVING IN TRAFFIC
The congested traffic of towns and cities will sooner or later pose a
problem to the beginner but it is an inevitable and great training
ground for mastering the finer points of roadcrAft. The proper thing to
do is to become a unit in one stream of traffic. To be urnstantly
changing from left-hand stream to right-hand stream, trying
unsuccessfully to pass other cars, is to be a bad, inconsiderate and
dangerous driver.
Where there are two lines of traffic in your direction (or in each
direction), remain in the left-hand one when driving slowly or
intending to turn to the left. The outside stream should be used only
when overtaking or in positioning for a right.hand turn. Never try to
'suddar
gatn a minute by acceleration and fierce braking. The ten
seconds gained by passing two cars are not worth it. Never cut in on
another vehicle. It is dangerous to both parties.

23
 Correct position on a three-lan€ street for a RIGHT TURN

Cnrrect pocition on a four-lane Conrct prxiition on a l'our-lane

stn:et l'or a l,t',F'T Tl"'R\ street lirr a RIGIIT TLR\

Currcct position on a one-$at Cornect position on a one.wa.v

stn'et lor a LUF I 'tUR\ slreel for a RIGIIT TURN

24
 CORRECT POSITIONING

Correct position on a two-way Corect position ona two-way

road for a road fora
RIGHT TURN LEFTTURN

This above afl: Do nothing without giving the appropriate sigrral

with the arm well extended from the car. Ranember, however, that
the signals are for the purpose of giving information, aritl not
instructions, to others. Sigrrals to be given by drivers are illustrated in
Part 4.

Rernember that the indicators or trafficators as they are known,

usually the winking amber sigrral type, fitted to most modern cars do
not excuse the driver from making hand signals.

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

Watch is the watchword for traffrc lights. Watch for them, rratch
them earefully, and above all learn and obey their sequenoe sAictly.
Simultaneous lighting of red and amber does not mean ,GO' but
'PREPARE TO GO', while the amber, when it is shown means,STOP',
unless to do so would prove dangerous.

Never turn left, that is, filter against the li$hts, unless waved on by
a policeman, or unless a subsidiary green light (usualty
indicates that it is permissibld'to turn at that point. ^ 6*|
25
 Making a right hand turn at a junction controlled by traffic lights
can prove the most difficult of traffic manc€uwes. You must never cut
across the stream of traffrc approaching from the opposite direction.
because the oncoming traffic has the right of way. The correct
procedure is to wait until there is adequate space to pass safely across
the approaching stream oftrafiic.

Crossing a main road from one side street into another is about the
second most difficult manoeuwe in heavy traffic. Remember that the
ffaffic on the main road has the right of way. On a broad city road
where there are no traffic lights, it may be necessary to cross it in two
moves. The first 'move' is to the centre of the road and stopping, and
completing the crossing in the second 'move', each move being
dictated by the permission of the main road's streams of traffic.

Shiving to avoid causing another driver to slow down should be the

ideal, though it might prove a policy of unattainable perfection.
Occasionally, it may be necessary to turn right or cross a main road at
some minor inconvenience to another user of the road. Wherever
possible however, beginners should avoid crossing against a heavy
stream of traffic, except at a crossing controlled by a policanan or by
traffic lights.

NIGHT DRIVING
The basic difflerence between driving at night and driving by day is
that visibility is limited by the lights used. Therefore, the good and
careful driver must translate everything that has been said about
driving so far, into terms of that limited visibility.

In short, you must drive at a pace which will permit you to stop
within the distance that is visible. Once this theory is adopted, there
is no additional risk when there is little traffic about. As a mafter of
fact, there are some,distinct advantages to night driving. For instance,
while a car approaching a crossroad at night 'can usually be detected
by its lights, during the daytime it would be hidden from view by such
obstructions as buildings or hedges.

But night driving has certain difficulties caused chiefly by the

human element. A special watch should therefore be kept for the car
or truck with a rear light which is not functioning, bicycles with
ineffrcient rear lights or reflectors and pedestrians in dark clothes.
These and other potential hazards should be perfectly visible to the
driver with normal and properly adjusted headlights. The real diffi-
culty arises with heavy traffic corning from the opposite direcqion.

26
DAZZLE FROM HEADLIGHTS
All modern cars carry dipping headtights. But sometimes a driver is
dazzled by the bright lights of approaching Eaffic because there is no
uniformity in dipping or extinguishing headlights. The practice howev-
er, is to dim, dip or switch off headlights at the approach of another
vehicle.

Slow down and, if necessary stop if the other driver does not return
the courtesy. Do not be tempted to 'outshine' the other motorist by
immediately switching on the headlights again, however deplorable his
road manners. A double darzle can only make matters worse.

It is highly dangerous to drive on when dazxfd, and worse, to

attempt to steer, as some drivers do, by the light of the oncoming vehi-
cle. There could well be a cyclist or other obstruction ahead, of which
the dazzled driver is completely unalvare.

The headlights should be switched on again, immediately after the

othgf vehicle has passed. Once you start going again, be very careful not
tg,irnconsciously steer outwards, a tendency which always follows daz-
zling.

It may prove more convenient to drive with permanently dipped

headlights in heavy traffic, (or with spotlight only). Whatever the cir-
cumstances, the rule of driving within the range of visibility must
always be observed.

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING
Beside the need for studying other motorists, the astute driver will
pay careful attention to pedestrians and cyclists, allowing them plenty
of room for $eir vulnerability. True, children are these days taught road
.drill, but, like too many of their elden, they will step suddenly out into
the road without first observing the traffic. Then there are the careless
pedesrians who will suddenly walkout from behind a stationary vahi-
cle.

In most towns pedpstrian crossings exist for the better safety of foot
uivellen. Where thgse crossings arc not controlled by police or traffic
lights, they afford pedestrians precedence over vehicular traffic. The
&iver should be careful when approdching them, limiting speed to the
Femftrom whictra stop can be ma{e if required.
| ,

27
 SIGNALS

While driving, it is n€cessary to girve signals to make your intentions

clear to other road users: Do not,/rely on mechanicai signals alone.
Hand signals me clearly yisible arid must be used in addition to your
mechanical sigrrals. Always checl( your mirror before giving a signal,
and never put your hand outside the vehicle unless giving a signal.

The Road Code lays down and- illusuares three signalq by which
drivers of motor vehicles are to iridicate their own intentions, and poinrs
out that these signals are for the purposeof givinginformafionanct nof
instructions to other road users. The three sisnals are:-

l-'lam going to move-out or tumto my right'

2. 'I am going to pull in or turn to my left.
3 '[ am golng to slow downor stop.'

These are the onlythreerecognized signals, and, ifthey are properly

made, each is clear and distinctive.

The mechanical traffic indicator can perform only two of these four
sighals, the turn to the right and the turn to the left. Even in the case
of the latter, it is not always r'.:ige to rely on the indicator conveying the
message to traffic which is following at fairly close range, since a
driver who is on your trail, and possibly intending to overtake, may
not be in a position to see the indicator on the rear side ofthe vehicle.

ln such cases, the good driver will give one ofthose instantaneous
glances into his mirror, and if he sees that there is another vehicle
close behind. he will give a hand signal as well as switch on his
left-hand indicator.

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28
 THE DRIVING TEST

No one may obtain a full driving licence without first having passed
a driving test.'

'To pass the test the applicant must satisfy the el<amin€r conducting
the test that he is fully conv€rsant with the Rmd Code and that he is
cmpetent to drive a vehicle without danger to and with due
cmsideration for other users ofthe road.'

This briefly, is wtrat the law demands.from the Learner-dri_ver before

a full licence is issued. tt is well within the capacity of most people to
satisfr these requirements and to drive safely and successfully if the
basic points of good driving were firmly established at the outset. All
that the examiner requires is that you can handle the vdricle with
safety and with consideratior for all road users in the spirit of the
Road Code, for as the Code says, 'all persons have a right to use the
road for the purpose ofpassage.'

In taking the examination the Learner-driver strould study the Road

Code seriotrsly, bearing in mind however, that it is not a book of
instructim but a book of rules based on the fundamentals of good
driving.

Examiners take into consideration the candidate's capacitytoi

l. Know and understand the cont€nts of the Road Code and to rad
a registration plate at twenty three metres (approximately twenty-
five yds.) with the aid of glasses if these are worn.
2. Move offon a gradient without running backwards.
3. Reverse into a confined parking area accurately.
4. Reverse and turn the vehicle accuratelv.
5. Move offsmoothly and safely.
6. Use the clutch correctly.
7. Drive at a normal speed.
8. Give proper hand signals early and distinctly.
9. Show courtesy and consideration for the safety ofother road
us€rs.
10. Make proper use of right of way.
11. Make propo use of b,rakes.
12. Stop the vehicle normally in a safe position, and in an emerg€n6y
under cmtrol.

29
13. Move out safely and followwith due care and control.
14. Ovatake, meet and cross the path of dher vehicles safely.
15. Drive with due consideration for the comfort of passengers.
16. Use the Round-about conrectly.
17. Act ccrectly at pede$rian crossings.
lE. Givewayto emergency vehicles.
19. Turn the vehicle round by means of forward and reverse gears.
20- Use the rear-view mirror.
21. Obey trafflrc lights.
22. Corner crrrectlv-
?3. Take precautions at cross roads and road junctions:
(a) by correct positioning of the vehicle before and after
turning right or left.
(h) byavoidance of cutting right-handcorners
' (c) by looking right, left and right again before crossing or emerging.

You will take your driving test in three stages:-

(a) WritrenTest
O) Yard Test.
(c) Road Test.
These tests should all be.treated seriously for they are each equally
impatant to gaining your D.iver's'Licence. Failure in any of these
stages would mean another visit t<l fhe Examinatim Depot.

WRITTEN TEST

You will be required to prove that you can read English. Next you
will b€ tested on recogrrition of road signs. You will then be asked
Road Code questions. If you have applied for a general driver's
licence you will be expected to answer questions on mechanics in
addition to the Road Code.

YARDTEST

Fc the important exercise of properly moving off.on a gradg you

\rill be instructed by the examiner to &ive qrto the ramp or gradg
$oF switch off and start again and move faward without running
back.

30
 Here is a method rryhich ensures a slow, smooth move-of m lhe
steepest of hills.

The vehicle is stationary on the ramp. The hand-brake is up and

the gear
lever is in neutral. Switch on and shrt the engine, depress the
ctarrcn
and engage first gear. Now change the beat of the engine by gentle
frat
accel_
eration. When you get a steady rev., or a little louder engine
beal hold it
You must hold the right foot perfectly still. Then smoothly
allow the crutch
pedal to come up until the tone of the engine alters.
Now release the han&
brake. The vehicle will remain stationary without slipprng
back. At this
stage allow the last 1.25cm (harf inch) of, clutch to come
upward slowry.
As the vehicle co''lmences to move forward, apply firrther gentre pressure
on acoelerator (gas @at).

Proper position on the ramp

PARKING IN A CONFINED SPACE

Yorr will have to park your vehicle in a confined space marked
. out at
the Examination Depot. This should be done in three ,t"d ;
illustrated in Figure 10.

REVERSING A]YD TURIING

Position your vehicle so that it is in line with the space in wrrich
Yju are loing to reverse. Maintain an even spacing orreither side of
the vehicle and reverse through slowly. once you have entered the
lane do not stop or go forward to correct your pdition

Remember to look through the window and watch the distanoe

between the rear wheel and the markers (see Fig. 9)

Assuming that you have gone through the lane without to.ching the
markers, you will thcn be required to turn the vehicle arorndand
reverse without touching.

31
 Proper way to reverse through the lane.

In turning always put the rear of your car to the driver's side.
Reversing out of the lane is done by the same medhod asrwersing in.

ROAD TEST
. Your driving instructor will be seated beside you, and tho examiner
seated in the back seat for your road test.

First, get yourself comfortably seated and see that all doors are
properly closed. Next, see that the gear lever is in neutral before
switching on the ignition, and see that the handbrake is on. Never
touch gearJever without pressing the clutch pedal.

Do not race the engine unduly when letting in the clutch: at the
same tirne, do not let the engine stall because it is turning ovgr too
slowly to take the load.

32
 rll

II
TRAFFIC LIGHT SIGNALS

oo
cra
RED, means STOP. RSI) and AMIBER. RE D, A\MirtslElR and
Wait bchlnd the dso means STOP. GREE\ Arrows have
stop line on the Do not pacs through the same meanings as
crrriagcwry. or rtart until the RCD, AMtslER and
CR[[N shows. CRtiEN eignels, but only
in directions indicated by
the rrrows.

HH
GRHSN me!r$ you
mry G() ON lf tle
wry ir clenr. Take
rpecid crre if you
AMltsES.menns STOPat
the stop line. You may
only go on if theAMBfR
oppesrs nfter you have
CnEfiil rrrow
ttat you mry go
direcfion rhown by
me8trs
in the
tte
Arrow. Yon mry do
mern to tnrn left or crossed the top line or this whatever other
right ald give way to are so close to it that to lights may be rhowlng.
pederdrnr who are pull up might cause an
crossing. accident.

n 0n
PEI) ESTRIAN LIGHTS AT CROS SING

\.I
-I

Crocs
with
care
tr
Do not
cross
NW @
Do not
cross
Ds not
stErt
ero3sing
ffiffi"ffiMffi
MffiffiWffi
ffiWWffiffi
wmmffiffi
ffiffiffi@l
ffiffiffiffiffi
34
 'R'
t-
scHooL ROAD I{ARROWS SLIPPERY
WHENWET

E}ITRAi{CE

c)
THROUGH

c?
PEDESTRIAN DUAL CARRTAGEWAY
AHEAD

I
) i(
NARROWBRIDGE RIGHT BEND
a

SLOW

JUNCTION
AHEAD
 IITGII.v\/A]';
Fnncdonal toll lene Taghne only Toll lane out of nse
F'rom left :-
- No Cyclists t
- No Pedestrians 'l
- No Carriages
- No Tfactms

$&
- No Hand Carts

No Left Tirn Keep Left

€
No ?erking
&
No Stopping
n
PARKING
*og

r-l

, ,ttl
-'r
L'
mSpeed Limtt
I
1+' I
I
ft-t
l.--

"br
T
l1
ii
T
Stop Ahead
 1

2OOO SIGhIS

I
il

tI
'l
 THE FEDESTRIAN CONTROI,LEI)
PUSH.BUTTON CROSSING

Oil the GREBN $ght the motorlst mryproceod tf therord is clean

On theAl\8ER orRED ltghtc the motorbt shoutd ctop end ailow
the pedertHenr ts cross.

PEDESTRIAN CROSSING

ff
 -t

$TOp
CHILDREN
cR(}$$tN(}

DETOUR-}
39
lffin
BOX JIINCTION: You MUST NOT enter the box undl vour erit
roadorlaneiscleer
II
 TIIREE STAGES IN PARKING

Take a quick look in you rear-view mirror, and glance around to see
that it is clear, then give the hand signal (I am going to turn right)
before moving off.

Unless instructed by the examiner to tum, proceed straight ahead.

Avoid driving for too long in first gear; get into second as soon as
the speedometer shows 8 to 13 km/h (5 to 8 m.p.h). Use top gear as
much as possible and try to maintain a road speed under normal raffic
conditions of forty-five km/h (approximately i5 m.p.hi.

When slowing down for traffic or taking corners, change to the next
lower gear in order to accelerate better when the road is clear. Do not
give the examiner the impression that you are shy of using the gear
lever.

STEERING

A car with power assisted steering will require less turning effort per
degree ofturn than its manual counterpart.
Always hbld the steering wheel by the rim, never by the spokes.
Keep your hands in a ten-to-two or quarter-to-three position except

41
 when mareuvering the car at low spood. Never allon' yor hads b cmss.
Remember- to return your hands to one of the prwiously mentioned
positions after turning.

Do not grasp the steering too righiy; maintain a light but firm grip Tighten
your grip on the wheel when braking or cornering.

RIGIfT OFWAY

Remember to travel at a normar speed when on the right of way. Be on

the lookout for drivers who fail to observe the stop signs.

Keep both hands on tbe seering wheel at dl times except when signding,
oornering or changing gears.

SIGNALS DURING TEST

Even if mechanical indicators are fitted to your car, you must give the
proper hand.signals while aking your tesL If both mechanical and hand
signals are used, always switch on the indicator before giving the hand
signal.

Always check your rear-view mirror before giving an early and clear
signal. Do not give prolonged or unnecessary signals.

Ifyou use a lefrhand drive vehicle for your test, see that the stop lights
at the rear of your vehicle and the mechanical indicators are workins
efficiently.

STOPPING

Do not stop with a jerk orallow the vehicle to jump to a srop. Always
apply your brakes gently except in a case of emergency.
Given the appropriate hand signal (I am going to slow down oq stop),
and avoid hitting the kerb. Remember to depress the clutch @al tq avoid
stalling when stopping.
J

PIJLLING OUT AND FOLLOWING

The same precautions must be taken when pulling out as in moving off. check
your rear-view mirror and see that the road is clear behind you. Give your
hand signa (I am going to turn right), before
-pulling -out.

42
 Do not follow anotber vehicle too closely. Always leane mole $re so
that a faster vehicle if overtaking you, can-draw into this Wareii'rcieslly.

CAR,I MUST GIVE WAY

At 4-way stop signs and at crossroads where there ae no stop sigrs or signals,
no-onelras the right of way. you must sropin a safe position. iltove roivud
only when it is safe to do so. when two cars enter an open intersection u the
same time, the driver on the left must yield to the driver on the right.

43
 If
tbe Road Test is conducted in a congested area wth a slow stream of
uafrc, it is best to travel in
second gear until the road is clear. while fol-
lowing, keep in the proper lane and do not asempt to rashly overtake the
vehicle in front of you.

GEARCHAI\GING
. Always change down in gd time, before coming to a corner, road
junction or in aurkward traffic situatiqrs.
Do not look down on your controls whe,lr changing. Keep your eyes
on the road.

TTJRNING LEFT
Do not swing out at a left hand corner. Avoid hitting the kerb with
the near-side rear wheel.

When you are instructed to turn left, change down to the next lower
gear. Next check your rear-view mirror and give proper hirnd signal (I
am going to turn to my left).

Be watchful for cyclists passing on the near side of your vehicle.

lf you are about to turn left into a narrow road, and there is a
vehicle coming out onto the major road, stop and allow it to proceed.

TTJRI\ING RIGHT
The positioning of your vehicle is of the utrnost importance wtren
turning right. If you are turning off the major road; position your
vehicle to the left of the centre of the road. If a vehicle ii approacling
from the opposite direction, stop and allow it to pass ttttoglr before
you turn. Do not cut across. See that the road is clear. Look right,
then left and right again.
Keep to the left of the dividing line before turning.
During the test you wil!be expected to use a road on the left or right
to assist you in turning the vehicle around and travel in the oppos-ite
direction.
Give a slow-down sigrral and position your vehicle about one metre
(approximately three feet) from the edge of the kerb, with the rear
of
the car about three metres (approximately eight feet) past the road.

Reverlg slo*ly around the corner without hitting the kerb. stop the
oar parallel with the kerb, bringing the front of your car in line with
the major road. Then look to see that the road ii clear before turning
right.

44
 PROPDR LEFT TURN

PROPER RIGHT TURN

I
 Turning back on a major road (using minor road on thc right)

R.OADJTJNCTIONS
Be on the lookout for stop sigrrs. Always stop in a position where
you can see up and down the road yort are about to cross. Do not move
until the road is clear in both directions.

Remember to check the rear-view mirror and give the proper hand
signal ifyou are going to turn right.

If you stop behind a vehicle at a Stop Sign, whenever it moves ofl

you must go up to the road and stop again. . Avoid coasting down to
stop signs, roadjunctions or corners.

EMERGENCY VEHICLES
Ifyou are driving along a road and you hear an emergency vehicle
approaching you must pull over to your left and allow it to pass.
Emergency vehicles are Fire Fighting units, Ambulances, and Police
Vehicles which generally use a siren as a warning sigrral wtren
approaching.

46
 Turning back on a mqjor road (using minor road on left).

DRIVING TEST ROUTE

Remeinber during the Road Test, to go straight ahead unless you are
instructed by the sxaminer to do otherwise. Listen carefully to his
instructions. If you are not sure of any instructions given, ask him
kindly to repeat them.

Avoid turning left when you are told to turn right or vice-versa.

USE OF HORN
Only use,your horn when it is necessary. Rernember that the
sounding ofyour horn does not give you the right ofway.

ROUND ABOUT
T[re examiner will talre you to a roundabout to satisfy himself that
you are capable of using it properly. Many applicants fail to do this.

Listen carefully to your examiner's instructions and proceed as

illustrdted below.

Remember to continue along the road straight ahead if you are given
no instructions.

47
 Tlrrning back at a "T" junction

Thrning back at a Minor and Major road (cmss roads)

Thrning back
without using a
private road or
entrance (or
turning back
where the road
ends).

48
 ROUNDABOUT

CAR3 shows the CAR 4 shows the

proper way to propbr way to use
continue straight the roundabout
ahead when no and continue in the
instructions are opposite direction
givenr by the (UTURN).
exaniin0r.

,I
'49
lr-

DUAL CARRIAGE.WAY

CAR I shows properLEFTTIlRN CAR 2 shows proPer RIGIIT TIIRN

1
50
l,
iJt
 CORRECT POSITIONING
Three-lane Road Junction

CAR I shows proper LEFT TURN

CAR 2 shows proper RIGHT TURN
CAR 3 shows the proper way to continue st

51
 CORRECT POSITIONING
Three-lane Road Junction

CAR I shows proper LEFT TURN

CAR 2 shows proper RIGHT TURN
CAR 3 shows the proper wav to continue s

r'ti,
' Ll'' ;+'i..iiii.
ril
lri*orn
.,ffiffi+i1rl i"*.+*"ii
;,,'i, l'+l'*ll*u$,,ffiffi
l*'+ifiiiffi*i.'ili t'*' 1,-l ii'lsil;$ :'*ii* ii'fiF$ffi
-+$$ffi
i ii i

ir iffi *t*8r8-$**H$ffi
51
52
 --l

Thc crosses denote pl,oces where a good driver will never stop
his car.

ROAD JUNCTIONS

NARROW
ROAD

53
 OVERTAKING on the LEFT
CAR 1 is the overtaking vehicle

54
 ROAD MARKINGS

Stop line at'Stop'sign

Stop line at signals or
police control

' Givewaylinetohafficfro4theri$t atrroundrbont

ilffi
ilffi
#re
Edge line
Hffi
Solid
ffi
Broken
ffi
Lane line
whih centre line white centrcline
Edge line. You must not straddle or cr.ss on it unress you
need to pull over or
turn into adjoining premises.

solid white Line. You MUST Nor cross or sfiaddle it unress it

is safe
and you need to enter adjoining premises, or a side road. you
nnay cross the line
ifnecessary to pass a stationary vehicle or to overtake pedal
a cycle.
Broken white centrt line. This marks the centre on the road.
Do not cross it unless
you can see the road is clear well ahead and you
wish to overtake or turn right
Lane line. These are short broken white lines which are used
on wide carriageways
to divide them into lanes. you should keep between them.

Double white lines where the line neerest

to you is
means you may cross the lines do""r_
f1o\1^mis
raKe lt rt is safe, provided you can
completc ffre
manoeuvre before reaching a solid white
lini oo yo*
side.
Double white lines where the line nearest
you is
solid. This means you MUST NOT oos
o. OOi" it

Mffi"ff y!:t rses or a side road, you may

"t
it i;.safe a1d_1ou need to enter aOloininjprem-
cross the.line if necessary
to pass a stationary vehicle, orovertake
a pedal cyJe,
or sfow moving road rnahtenance vehiile.
 Other Markings .

ffi ffiffiffi
Indication of a compulsory movement DivergeAnows

Pail of caniageway whue haffic passes in On a motor way, part of the verge or
the same direction on either side ofthe hard shouldubetween the main
chewonma*ing and shouldnot enter caniagewayand a slip road whue
. unlessafetodoso traffic passes on either side in the same
direction and where traffic must not
entu except in an emergency

Kerb Markings

No rhnding orprhng NoprHngrtrnY

rtrnytine tine

548
 POLICE SIGNALS

COME ON

Vehicle approaching Beckoning on a vehicle

from front from front

Vehicle approaching Beckoning on a vehicle

from behind from behind

Vehicles approaching from Beckoning on a vehicle

both front and behind from the side

55
 SIGNS AND SIGNALS

DRIVERS' AND RIDERS' SIGNALS TO

OTHER ROAD USERS

These signals should be given by drivrerc, motor cyclists, pedal

cyclists and those in charge of horses. Signat clearly, decisively
and in good time. Fully extend the arm. After signalling carry out
your intended nwnoeuvre only when it is safe to do so.

( ;lf,l"i$'"',o[%?oJ

"I intend to

,'"K,T#>
LEFT''

(J;**:",i"?]'

56
DRIVERS'AND RIDERS' SIGNALS TO POLICE
OFFICERS CONTROLLING TRAFFIC

(;ilru;tioo*,

5'I want to.

;#:)

(;'"lll';L*"
The lefi turn and right
turn signals may also be
given by a mechanical or
flashing indicaton

57
 ROAD CODE QUESTION AND ANSWERS
Although basic motoring practice has remained the same since this
book was first published, we hqve increased the number of Road Code
Questions and Answers in order to keep abreast of new techniques
and to give Driverl Licence applicants att the infoimation needed to
qualfu in the recently introduced system ofwritten tests.

1. Q. Wr{AT rS Tm FrRST RULE OF Tr{E ROAD?

A. Keep well to the left unless you are about to overtake or turn
right.

OTHER RULES OF THE ROAD

Always be able to stop your vehicle well within the distance

from which you can see the road to be clear.

Take special care when it is misty, or rainy, when light is bad,

or when roads are wet, slippery or otherwise dangerous.

Go slowly on natrow or winding roads however familiar they

are to you.

The faster you are travelling the srnaller is the margin of safety
should an emergency arise, and mue serious must be the
result ofan accident.

At nights always drive within the limit of your lights. If you

are dazzled by oncoming lights, slow down or even stop.

Go slow in narrow roads or winding lanes, however familiar

they may be to you.

2. Q. WHENSHOULDYOUNOTOVERTAKE?
A.Ataroadjunction,onacorneror bend, on the browof a
hill, at a pedestrian crossing, on a hump-back bridge, where
the road narrows, or where the road is divided with an
unbroken white line.

58
 3. a. WHEN CAN YOU OVERIAKE ON TT{E LEFT?
A. On a one way road, at a roundabout, when a driver in front
gives a signal that he is about to turn right, passing a line of
slow moving vehicles in order to clear a traffic congestion,
turning left at cross-roads, on a four lane road.

4. Q. AFTEROVERTAKTNG A VEHICLE WFIAT SHOULD

YOUDOBEFORE REJOINING TI{E LINE?
A. Check your rear view mirror.

f. Q. WHEN MUST YOU DIP YOUR LIGTTTS?

A. On wet rcads, in brightly lit areas, approaching an oncoming
vehicle, travelling close behind a vehicle, approaching a
police officer on point duty, at uaffic lights, approaching cat-
tle, ascending a hill and when approaching a corner or bend.

6. Q. WHO IIAS Tt{E RIGHT OF WAy ON A HrLL?

A. The vehicle coming dovm, but a heavier vehicle has the
right of way up or down.

7. Q. wHO HAS THE RrcrrT oF wAy AT A CROSSING

WHICH IS NOT CONTROLLED BY FOLICE" TRAFFIC
LIGHTS OR SIGNS?
A. No one.

8. Q. WHEN SHOULD A DRTVER MAKE USE OF THE RIGFIT

OF WAY?
A. When it is safe to do so.

9. q. SHOULD A DRMR YIELD TI{E Rrclfr oF wAy IF A

PEDESTRI.AN ENTERS TIIE CROSSING?
,{. Yes.

10. Q. WI{AT IS MEANT BY FILTRATION?

A. If you are held up at a road junction by a person regulating
traffic and you turn left without getting a definite signat.

I l. Q. WHAT TS A SLIP ROAD?

A. It is an entrance on the corner of a major intersection which
allows vehicles turning left to filter without causing inom-
venience to other vehicles crossing the intersection. This can
be used on any light providing the way is clear.

59
 12. Q. WHATMUST yOUDO TFAPOLTCE'TNSTRUCTS yOU
TODRIVE IN TTM OPPOSITE DIRECTION ON A
ONE WAY ROAD?
A. I would obey his instructions.

13. Q. WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU ARE INVOLVED IN

ANACCIDENT?
A. Stop. If no policeman is on the scene give your name and
address to the person having reasonable grounds to require
these particulars. Report the accident to the police within
24 hours, and produce your insnance certificate and driverls
licence.

l#?14.
Q. WHO I{AS TIIE Rrcr{T oF wAy AT A ROUNDABO{JT?
A. In general there is no right of way, you shoutd approach
with caution and give way to the vehicle on the right.

15. Q. HOWMANY SIGNS ARE Tr{ERE AT A ROUNDABOUT?.

A. ftf:-*" four signs Slow, Roundabotrt Ahead, Keep Left,
and Give Way.

16. Q. HOW FAR SHOULD yOU PARK FROM A BUS STOP?

A. l2m (40 feet).

r7. Q. HOWFAR SHOULD yOUPARK FROM A PEDESTRIAN

CROSSING?
A. l2m (40 feet)

18. Q. WHy SHOULD yOU TAKE SPECIAL PRECAUTION

WHEN APPROACHING A PERSON WITI{ A WHITE
STICK?
A. He is blind.

19. Q. WHERE SHOULDYOUNOTPARK?

A. Between no-parking signs, before a fire hydrant, within 12
metres (40fee0 of a road junction, on the browofahill,
before a private entrance, at a pedestrian crossing, at a bus
sto'p, where the road narro\rs, on a bnidge or under-pass, on
a com€tr, or immediately opposite a parked vehicle (doubte
parking), on a main road carrying fast moving traffic.
N.B. When parking, stop your vehicle as close as possible
to the kerb.

60
 20. Q WHERE SHOULD yOU NOT BLOW YOUR HORN?
A. In built up areas, approaching a policeman on point duty, to
demand free passage on the highway, when your vehiile is
stationary, approaching cattlg passing parliament in session,
passing a church,,hospital, library or school in session.

21. Q. WHOM DO yOU CONSIDER MOST, OF ALL ROAD

USERS?
A. You are required to give due care and consideration to all
users of the road, but pedestrians most of all.

22. Q. WI{AT IS TFIE MEANINGOF ANUNBROKENWHITE

LINE IN TT{E MIDDLE OF THE ROAD?
A. You must not overtake there, if by doing so you would drive
on the right of the line. Always keep toihe left of such a line.

23. Q. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF A BROKEN WHITE LINE

IN THE MIDDLE OF TFIE ROAD?
A. In the case of a broken white line you can overtake providing
it is safe.

24. Q. WHAT IS A DUAL CARRIAGE_WAY?

A. It is a two-way road divided by a strip of land in the middle.

2s. Q. Wr{AT rS A CUL-DE_SAC?

A. It is a dead end road.

26. Q. WHAT IS A FILTER LIGFIT?

A. It is a Green Arrow which appears indicating that you may go
in the direction shown by the Arrow disregarding vtrativer
other lights may be showing.

27. Q. WHAT IS A COMBINED POLICE STOP SIGNAL?

A. It is the signal given by a point duty policeman to
simultaneously stop vehicles approaching from in front and
behind him.

28. Q. WHAT SIGNAL MUST YOU GIVE WHEN YOU ARE

ABOI.JT TO SLOW DOWN OR STOP?
A. Extend your right arm with the palm of the hand turned
downwards, and move it slowly up and down keeping the
wrist loose.

61
2e. a. W}IAT IS TTIE CORRECT SEQUENCE OF TI{E TRAFFIC
LIGIITS?
A. RED means STOP, RED and AMBER also mean STOP. Do
not go until GREEN is shown. GREEN means you may
GO on ifthe road is clear. AMBER means STOp at stopline.
You may go if the AMBER appears after you have crossed
the stopline.

30. a. WHAT SIGNALS MUST YOU GIVE WHEN YOUARE

READYTOBE OVERTAKEN?
A. Extend theright arm and hand below the levelofthe
shoulder and move it backwards and forwards.

31. a. WI{AT SIGNAL MUST YOU GIVE WHEN YOU ARE

ABOI'M TO TURN RIGHT, MOVE O{JT, OR OVERTAKE?
A. Extend the right arm with the palm turned to the front, and
hold it rigid in a horizontal position.

32. a. W}IAT SIGNAL MUST YOU GIVE A POLICEMAN

WHEN YOUARE ABO{.]T TO GO STRAIGI{TAHEAD?
A. Raise the hand towards the shoulder and move forearm well
forward and then back in a vertical plane, rnaking the move-
ments sufficiently clear to be easily seen.

33. a. HOW FAR SHOULD YOU TRAVEL BEHIND AN

EMERGENCY VETIICLE?
A. Approximately 150 metres (500 fu).

34. a. HOW MUST YOU DRIVE TN A CONVOY?

A. Do not drive too close behind the vehicle in fiont ofyou.
Leave ample space to permit a faster vehiclg after overtaking
you, to draw in.to the left if necessary, ircfore overtaking the
next vehicle.

35. a. WHAT CAN CAUSE A SKID?

A. Wet, greasy and slippery road surfaces; uneve'n tyre presslre;
unevenly adjusted bnakes; or braking violently around a
corner.

36. Q. Wr{AT ARE THE SPEED LTMTTS FOR MOTOR CARS?

A. 50 km/h (approximately 30 m.p.h.) in built up areas 80 krn/h
(50 m.p.h) along the Highways.

62
 37. Q' HOW SHO{.JLD YOU DRIVE ON
WET OR SLIPPERY
ROADS?
A. It is safer to drive in low gear.

38. Q. HOW LONG-ARE YOU ALLOWED TO

PRODUCE YOT.]R
DRIVERS LICENCE WFEN
REQUESTED BY THE
POLICE?
A. 5 days.

39. Q. rMr{AT IS TIIE MAIN CAUSE OF SKIDDTNG?

A. Faultydriving.

40. Q. WHAU TITE-ROAD IS DIVIDED INTO

WHEN DO Y.OUUSE TTE'CBNTNE THREELANES
A. Ifyou are turning right or LANE?
toing-rluigfrt ahead.
41. Q. AFTER PASSING THROUGH WATER
YOUDO? W}IAT SHOI-'LD
A. Ride your bnakes genfly fon
a while.

42. Q. WHEN A .'A SLOW-DOWN SIGNAL

.DRIVER GIVES
W}IAT DOES THAT I\GANT
A. He intends to slow-dovyn
*op
43. Q. NAME TIRgE*I_E^!SONS OTHER
THAN TlrE polrcE
WHO ARE AT'THO-RIZEDTO
iTOP TRAFFIC?.
A. A man with red flag ur;;*d;;^truction
1
crossing, a school crossing patrolman
site or cattle
and a traffic warden.
44. Q. WHATTS A CONCEALED ENTRANCE?
A. It is a driveway which is .*
*"n leading onto the road_
w:ly. "f._ly
45. Q. WTNT IS MEANT BY i

A. Togiveway. '},IELDRIGITTOFWAY'?

46. Q. WHAT Is TTIE-I\4AXIMUM SPEED

IN BUILT TJP AREAS? LIMIT FoR cARs
A. 50 knl/h (approximately 30 m.p.h.)
47. Q. WHAT IS TT{E]W\XIMTJM
IN BTIILT
SPEED LIMITFOR TRUCKS
AREAS?
{.]P
A. 50 kmft (approximatety 30
m.p.h) ur anyroad in Janaica.

6it
 48. a. IF YOU ARE DRIVING BEHIND ANOTFIER MOTORIST
AT 50 km/h HOW FARAWAY SHOULD YOUBE?
A. 23 metres (approximately 75 feet)

4e. a. IF A POLICEMAN SIGNALS YOU TO STOP AT AN

INTERSECTION WHERE THE TRAFFIC LIGHT SHOWS
GREEN, W}IAT SHOULD YOUDO?
A. Obey the policeman.

s0. Q. rF you TNTEND TO MOVE OUT rNTO THE ROAD

FROM A PARKING SPOT, WI{AT SHOULD YOUDO
BEFORE MOVING OUT?
A. Proceed with caution when there is no traffic near enough
to cause an accident.

5r. Q. HOWCLOSE TO A CORNER OR AN TNTERSECTTON

ARE YOUALLOWED TO PARK?
A.lZm (40 feet)

52. Q. WHAT SHOULD yOU DO WHEN APPROACHING A

ROUNDABOUT?
A. Merge with the traffic at a reduced speed.

53. Q. rN WI{AT POSITION SHOULD yOuR CAR BE BEFORE

MAKINGALEFT TURN FROM A ONEWAYSTREET?
A. In the nearest lane to the left.

54. Q. IF yOU ARE INVOLVED IN AN ACCIDENT, WHEN

SHOULD YOU REPORT IT TO TFIE POLICE?
A. Within 24 hours.

s5. a. WTIAT DOES TFIE GREEN SIGNAL AT THE TRAFFIC

LIGFil MEAN?
A. hoceed if the way is clear.

56. Q. BEFORE YOUOVERTAKE, TURN ORCHANGE LANES,

W}IAT SHOULD YOU DO FIRST OF ALL?
A. (l) Check your rear-view mirror.
@ Give the correct signal.

s7. Q. rF TWO VEHTCLES OF STMTLAR SrZE MEET ON A HrLL

WHICHONE FIAS THE RIGF{T OF WAY?
A. The vehicle going downhill.

64
lr
 5t. Q. WHrCH OF Tr{E FOLLOWING ARE EMERGENCY
VEHICLES?
(1) Afirebrigade (2) Aloadedtruck
(3) An oil tanker (+i a" ambulance
(5) A security vehicle (Oi e pofce vehicle with siren
(7) An police vehicles C) ;:ffi:t;*;sport buses

,d (l) Fire brigade (4) An ambulance

(6) A police vehicle with siren sounding.

Q. ON A WrDE ROAD WITH TRAFFTC MOVTNG IN BOTH

WHEBE SHOULD you posmoN yo{JR
-DTRECTTONS,
VEHICLE IFYOU INTEND TOTURN- i.TCTTTT
A. At the centre of the road or just left of the centre.

60. Q. WHAT WORDS WOULD yOU EXPECT TO SEE

ON THIS SIGN?
A. Keep left.

61. Q. WHAT DOES THrS SrcN TNDTCATE?

A.Hospital. I . . I
In I

Q. INDICATE THREE PLACES WHERE YOU ARE NOT

PERMITTED TO OVERTAKE.
A. At a pedestrian crossing, at a hump back bridge and at a
crossroad.

Q. WHICH RULES SHOULD you OBSERVE WHEN

TRAVELLING IN A SILENCE ZONE?
A. q) ry not sound your (2) Do not rev your engine
horn. unnecessarilyl

Q. TF YOU ARE AT THE.INTERSECTION OF AMAJOR

ROAD, HOW WOULD'YOU TT]RN YOIJR VEHICLE
AROUND?
A. Reverse into the minor road and then drive forward into
the major road.

65. Q. SHOULD A DRIVER YIELD THE RJGITT OF WAY IF A

PEDESTRI.AN ENTERS TTIE CROSSING?
A. Yes.

65
6. Q. ON WHICH OF Tr{E FOLLOWTNG rS rT TLLEGAL TO
HAVE A RED LIGI{T SHOWING?
(l) On the rear ofyour car (2) On the fiont ofyoru car
(3) On the side ofyour car.
A. (2) On the front of your car.

67. Q. WHATDOESABROKENWHTTE LINE rNTHE CENTRE

OFTIIE ROADMEAN?
A. You may overtake ifthe way is clear.

6E. Q. WHICHARE RULES OFTHE ROAD?

A. (Study question one).

69. Q. WHAT IS A FORDTNG?

A. A place wtrere a stream c:rosses the road.

70. Q.AT WHAT DTSTANCE WOULD YOU CONSTDER IT

SAFE TO FOLLOW ANOTMR VEHICLE IF YOUARE
TRAVELLING AT 64 km/h (40 m.p.h)?
A. 36 metres (120 feet).

7t. Q. WHEN MAy yOU PASS ANOTHERVEHTCLEONTIfr

LEFT?
A. (l) When instructed to do so by a suitable p€rson directing
traffic,
(2) When there is a stationary hazard blocking the road,
(3) When driving on a one way street (see question three).

72. Q. WHEN SHOULD YOUNOT OVERTAKE?

A. (l) At a pedestrian crossing (2) At a cross road
(see question two)

73. Q. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE AFTER OVERTAKING A

VEHICLE AND BEFORE REJOINING T}tE LINE?
A. (1) Look in your rear-view mirror.
(2) Put on your rear indicator.

74. Q.ON Wr{AT OCCASION SHOULD yOU Drp youR

LIGI{TS?
A. (l) In brightly lit areas (2) In built up areas
(3) When facing an oncoming vehicle. (See question g ).

75. Q. WHy SHOULDA DRIVERNOT PARK ON Tr{E BROW

OF A HILL?
A. Because the vehicle may cause an obstruction.

56
 76. Q. IF AT A TRAFFTC LIGITT A poLrcEMAN DIRECTS yOU
TO PROCEED ALTHOUGH TI{E LIGTIT IS SHOWING
RED, WI{AT WOULD YOUDO?
A. Proceed as directed.

77. Q. Wr{AT WOULD yOU DO rF you WERE DRTVING CAR

No. 4? (SEE PAGE 70)
A. (l)
Slow dovm and allow car No.l to turn in front of you.
(2) Oo as car No. 3 does.
78. Q. HOW WOULD yOU SIGNAL TT{ATYoUAREABOUT
TO TI.]RN RTGI{T WHEN DRIVING A RIGI{T HAND
DRIVE VEHICLE?
A. (l) Right hand indicatol
(2) nignt rrn and hand extended with palm facing forward.

79. Q. WHAT DOES A FLASHING RED LIGI{T MEAN?

A. Stop.

80. Q. rN WrrAT posrTroN oN THE ROAD SHOULD yOU BE

BEFORE MAKING A LEFT TURN?
A. The lane nearest to the kerb.

8I. Q. IF THE CAR IMMEDIATELY AHEAD OF YOU IS WAIT-

ING TO TURN RIGI{T AND YOU WISH TO CONTINI.JE
STRAIGHT AHEAD, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?
A. (1) Pass on the left (2) Wait for him to qrtinue.
82. Q. WHy rs DoUBLE PARKTNG PROHTBTTED?
A. It causes congestion.
83. Q. WIIAT SHOULD yOU DO WHEN yOU r{EAR TIiE
SIREN OF AN EMERGENCY VEHICLE?
A. Pull over to the left and stop.

84. Q" WHAT DOES A STATTONARY AMBER LrctrTATA

CROSSING IVMAN?
A. Stop.

8s. Q. HOW FAR CAN YOU REVERSE ALONG A MAIN ROAD?

A. Only as far as is necessary.

86. Q. WI{AT SHOULD yOU DO WHEN DRTVTNG ON WET OR

SLIPPERYROADS?
A. Drive in lowgear.

67
87. Q. WHAT IS THE MAXTMUM SPEED LIMIT FORCARS ON
ANY ROAD IN JAMAICA?
A. 80 km/h (50 m.p.h)

88. Q. WHEN REQUESTED By A POLICEMAN TO PRODUCE

YOUR DRIVER'S LICENCE, HOW LONG DO YOU
HAVE TODO SO?
A. 5 days.

E9. Q. WFIAT IS TTIE FIRST THING TO DO WHEN YOU ARE

INVOLVED TN AN ACCIDENT?
A. Stop the vehicle.

90. Q. WHEN A DRIVER GrVES A SLOW DOWN SrcNAL.

WIIAT DOES IT MEAN?
A. He intends to slow down or stop.

91. Q. WHrCH rS Tm CORRECT STGNAL TO GIVE WHEN

TURNING RIGI{T FROM A VEHICLE WITH LEFT HAND
DRIVE?
A. Right indicator out.

Y2. Q. IF YOU ARE TRAVELLING AT T}IE MAXIMUM SPEED

ALLOWED AND TFIE DRIVER BEHIND WISTIES TO
OVERTAKE, WHAT SHOULD YOUDO?
A. Allowhim to overtake.

93. Q. WHAT SHOULD YOU DO WHEN YOU ARE BETNG

OVERTAKEN?
A. Maintain your speed.

94.
. Q. WHEN SHOULD A DRMR MAKE USE OF THE
RIGHT OF WAY?
A. When it is safe to do so.

95. Q. Wr{AT rS Tr{E MINTMUM DTSTANCE yOU SHOULD

PARK FROM A FIRE FIYDRANT?
.A 9m(3ofeet)
96. Q. WHAT DOES TI{E FLASHING AMBER LIGHT MEAN?
A. Motorists should proceed with cartrion.
97. Q Wr{AT DOES AN UNBROKEN WHrTE LrNE IN TI{E
CENTRE OF TI{E ROAD MEAN?
A. You should not overtake.

68
 e8. Q. wrnN you usE A
TRAFFIC_yl^I
SLrp ROAD AT TF#
LIGTff?
A. On any light.
99. Q. IF YOU.ARE DRIVING ALONG
WHEELS SKJD, WHAi AND YOUR REAR
SHOLI,O YOUDO?
A. Steer in the directi""
;irh;r'k;;.
100. Q. rN wHrcH j?l
YOU OVER IHE FOLLOWTNG srTUArroNS MAy
oN ine;Errr
(l ) On a forr lane road
(3) On a one way street irl * a three lane road.
with two lanes-
. . O" a wide bend on the road.
iOj
On a four lane road and on
O.tri A (:)
u orr" **y street with two lanes.
IOI. Q. WHATISALAYBY?
A. A place at the side af the road where motorists
may park.
IO2. Q. WHAT SHO*ULD
YOUDOAFTERPASSING
DEEP WATER? THROUGH
A. Ride your brake gently for
a while.
103. Q. WHAT IS A DETouR?
A. It is a departure tom the
normal road.
104. Q. rF rrrE rt{tq Lrcrrr sHO_Ws
wout.D you Efi;br"il; _AMBER ALONE,
o. ffit NExr LrcHr ro BE?

r05. Q. FoR WHrcl,glf}IE FOLLOWTNG sHoLrLD

STOP IF REQT,ESTED? A DRTVER
(l) A school crossing warden (2)
(3) A herdsman witlia r* --'fli A uniformed deliverwran
A'flagman on road con_
flag.
A. (t) A school c
n;e, r:ia hffilT'"Jffi i"fl,*t:Jtr*".il1?,*
106. Q. wr{AT AD?lTro_ry4! PRECAUTTONS
sHorrLD you
MUsr p-Apr(-"oN e rriii""#c.ili
;ffi*#^I3y,
A. Lock the steerins fourqrdc rh-
^-- r--L
orrock";;;"lilTT*T"-f; :iH1::,H,""iffi,g?
107' Q' sHouLDYou aJJ-EST'N A poLrcEMAN
rRAFFrc? A. No. r;;;;';;L DrREcrrlirc
obstruction.

69
l0t. Q. wlrAT rs A soFT SHOULDER?
A. The unpaved side ofthe road which is not intended for
vehicular traffic.

109. Q. IF yOU WrSH TO TURN Rlcr{T WHEN TRAVELING ON

A ONE WAY STREET, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?
A. Keep to the right of the road before turning.

ll0. Q. GrvE Two CAUSES OF SKTDDING?

A. (l) Faulty driving (2) Smooth tyres
lll. Q. IFTWOVEHICLESOFDIFFERENTSIZES MEET ON A
HILL, WHTCHONE HAS THE RIGT{T OF WAY?
A. The larger one.

112. Q. HOW CLOSE TO A FIRE HYDRANT ARE yOU

ALLOWED TO PARK?
A. 9m (30 feeO

It3. Q. WITENTITE ROAD rS DMDED INTO THREE LANES

AND TFIERE IS NO OTT{ER MARKING OR DIREC-
TION , W}IAT IS TTIE CENTRE LANE USED FOR?
A. For overtaking only.

I14. Q. AT AN INTERSECTTON WHERE Tr{ERE IS A STOP LINE

AS WELL AS A STOP SrcN' WIrAT SHOULD yOUDCI?
A. Stop at the line.

DTAGRAM rOR QIJESTION 77

ffi
KEY TO ROAI) SIGNS
(l) Junction
Road (7) Hospital (13) Bend
(2) Junction
Road (8) Steep Hill (14) Road Narrows
(3) Roundabout (9) Double Bend (15) Cross Roads
(4) Two-way TrafFrc (10) Road Junction (16) Silence
(5) Level Crossing (11) Road Junction (17) Do Not Enter i
(6) I-ow Bridge (12) Keep kft (18) Stop I

7A
 THE DEMERIT POINTS SYSTEM
Demerit points are assigned against the driver record of a person
ctto is either convicted of a traffic offence or found liable under the
llaffrc Ticketing System. When, a motorist is charged with a traffic
offence to which denrerit points ue assigned and he pays the fine at a
tax offrce (Collectorate) or is convicted of a traffic offence, the relevant
number of poins will be recorded against the licence of that motorist.
Whenever the number of demerit points accumulated by a motorist
reaches 14 points or more but less than 14, bis driver's licencb.will be
suspended for a period of six months. If the number of demerit points
accumulated by a motorist reaches 14 points or more but less than 20
points his driver's licence will be suspended for a period of a year.
Motorists who accumulate 20 points and more will have their driver's
licence suspended for a two-year period. Motorists who have demerit
points recorded against their driver's licence, but who manage not to
acquire any additional points for e period of rhree years after the date of
tbe last recording of such demerit points recorded against their driver's
licence removed ftom the records.
If the motorist disagrees with the charge and wishes to contest it in
oourt or if he fails to pay the prescribed fine within the 21 days, he must
attend either the Traffic court (in the Corporate fuea) or the Resident
Magistrate court in ttre parish where the offence was committed, to
arswer to the charge on the date and time specified on the Traffic Ticket
issued to him by the Police. under rhe provisions of the Road rraffic
Act and Regulations, a Traffic Ticket is to be construed as a surnmons,
whenever:
It is served on a trafrrc offender who is required to make a manda-
tory court appearance;
An offender elects to contest a haffic charge in court;
'-fuioffender neglects to pay the prescribed fine within the specified
period.
If an offending motorist fails to attend court on the specified date
and at the specified timg the court will make an order for the execution
of a "warrant of Disobedience of summons." The offending motorist
may be aresteo at lnrs stage. ln the case where the offending motorist
fails to pay the prescribed fine at tbe tax office (collectorate) within the
prescribed period, he must attend court on the date and at the time spec-
ified on the Tfaffic Ticket issued to him.
.. Prescribed ottbnces are traffic offences for whic[, under the
[oad
Traffrc Act and Regulations, a traffic offender is aflowed the option of
either paying a prescribed fine for the alleged offence wittrin 2t oays

70A
 from the date the Traffic Ticket is issued or contesting tbe cbarge in
court.
TAKEN FROM THE ROAD TRAFFIC ACT

NEW INCREASEI} PENAITIES

Efiective January l, 2003

No valid Certificate of Fitness N026..............-r,il0

Unlicensed motor vehicle ..................... N034.............-10:000
Obscured license disc................. N142..............._ f ,OOO
Obscwed registration plates............. ...- N19g...............-S,OOO
Registration plates not affixed N090...............-S,OOO
License disc not affxed N092 ...............- S,OOO
Operating motor vehicle contrary to
terms of licence ..............................-................................_N126 ............."..5,000
Holder of a provisional licence
failing to comply with the conditions
of such licence N0g4................5,000
Exceeding the speed lirnit by:
91 9y 1o 20 mph (16 - 32 km/h)........ 2..............N004...............-5,000
-
lbJ Py
2t - 30 mph
Q!
(c) 3l mph or more (50km/h
- 48 ln/rr) 4............-N002......,,-..... .-7',s0a
or rnore)...6 ............_ N005.............- lO,OOO
Carrying more than prescribed number
of persons on motor cycle............................3 ..............Ng40...............-
1,500
Inawmg more than prescribed number
of trailers ........- 3 ............-N752...............- g,000
Failure to stop when so required by a
constable ...........2..............N020................3,000
Nohead-lamponvehicle. .....6............-N050...............-3;000
No registration plale- light on vehicle ........2 ............-N0gg.............. .-Z,SOO
No_tail-lamponvehicle.... ....4............_N046.............._i,SOO
Failure to fit or maintain head-lamp so
to. Almin$r 91are............... .................-N124................3,500
3;
No device for deflecting beam.of
Headlamp .......-2............- NIg4...............-3,500
Noreflectorsonvehicle ....-.2............_N05g................2,000
No horn or other warning device................ 2 ............_ NOS+...............-
f ,SOO
Sounding hom so as to make
unreasonable noise ............. ....................- N 132...............-2,000
Permitting escape of unreasonable
amount of smoke from vehicle .....-..........;...................
N116................4,000
Unlawful use of siren or similar device...*................. N160.............._S,OOO
No muffIer........-.....:..-.-..-.1-.--.:r.--...........-.-i..._......_.- N 144..............._/,SOO

70c
 J$
Failure to observe si,lence zones..............- 2-..........._ Nl5g ............_ 4,000
Using driving or petmiuing to be used or
driven a motor vehicle in defective condition.......:. N214 ............_ 7.500
Driving motor vehicle in violation of the rule
ofthe road by-
. Failing to keep to the near side of the
road when meeting or being overtaken
by other traffic 3 N20g ............_ 2,500
. Failing to keep in the right side or
offside other traffrc when overtaking 2 .............. N2 I 2 ............- 2,500
. Failing to allow passage to other
overtaking vehicles 2.............. N200 ............_ 2,500
. Overtaking in a manner causing
obstuctiontooncomingtraffic 6.............. N210.............. 5,000
. Crossing so as to obstruct faffic 3 .............. N016.............. 3,000
. Driving on to one road from another
and causing traffrc obstruction 3............_ Nl92 ............- 3,000
. Driving onto a road from a place not
being a road causing obstruction
totraffic 3 ............- N194............_ 3,000
. Driving so as to overtake other traffrc
without the driver having a clear and
unobstructed view of the road ahead 6.............. N2002 ...........-
s,000
. Travelling backward further than
necessary for other reasonable purpose 2 .............. Nl l g ...........-
4,000
. Failure to obey commands of constable
to stop or otherwise 2.............. N014............_ 5,000
Faihre to use appropriate hand signal N0l3 ....:....._ 1,500
Failure to obey Police sigrals ...................... N0l5 ............-
3,000
Plying contact carriage for hire on any
road or public place ....... N3Z6 5,000
Operating motor vehicle as public passenger
vehicle without a road licence ..................................... N:ZO ............-15,000
Use of commercial motor car for hire or reward
or for trade purposes without a cariers licence...... NZ06 ............_ 3,500
Failure to obey red light or stop sign 6............_ Nl20 ............_ 4,000
Failure to comply with any other sigrr Nlg0 ............- 3,000
Failure to stop at school crossing 6............_ Nl76 ............- 5,000
Failure to stop at pedestrian crossing 4............_ N070 ............_
5,000
Failure to observe restrictions or prohibition
in relation to use of road................_....... N2lg ..........._ 2,500

70D
 JS
Careless driving 4 ..........................................7,500
Racing or speed trials on a road..............._ 6 .............. COLJRT
Driving while disqualified.............. 14.................... COURT
Dangerousorrecklessdriving...................-14 ..........COURT
Causing death by reckless ot dangerous
driving. 14.................... COURT
Not stopping after an accident where
damage or injury has been caused..........._14 ........_ COURT
failure to report an accident.. 6 .................... COURT
Driving or attempting to drive a motor
vehicle across a funeral procession ..........2 ....................E00
driving more than the prescribed number
of trailers ........-2,000
Any offence against d; R; i;fft;
Regulations, 1938............... ........................N996 .............-2,500

SEAT BEITS' CHILD RESTRAINTS sYsrrM & PRorEcrwE HELMETS

. No seat belt on a seat of motor vehicle

in contravention of Act 2
. Driving without wearing seatbelt where
motor vehicle fitted wiih seat belt 2
. Not cauSing child to wear or be conveyed
in child reshaint system or seat in moior
vehicle.......... .......................... 4
. Not wearing protective helmet ...............2
. Ridrng in motor vehicle without
wearing a seat belt ...............500

71
 BRAKINGDISTANCE
,SHORTESTSTOPPING
DISTANCES IN METRES
lan/tl lhiaking Eraking Overall On a dry ,road, a good car
distance distance stopping with good brakes and tyres
distance and an alert driver, will stOp
an the distances shown.
82 6 6 12 Remember these are shortest
t8 I 15 23 stopping distances. Stop-
6f 12 24 36 ping distances increaso
0 t5 38 53 greatly with wet and slippery
96 t8 54 72 roads, poor brakes and tyrec.
rl2 2l 74 95 and tired drivers.

INDEX

Accident,60,68 Ooutakingr 20,Sg

Alcohol| parking J7,9J,60
Adaice to Children, T positionhry,2g,2+SI
8raking,21,22,72 Pedestrians, S
Car Telephones,9 Pedestrian Crossing 6,24
Clhnbing Hills, 22 Police Signals, SS
Children in Cars,g R eoersing, 23,3L
Cornning, 19 Road Tbst, 32
Cul de sac,52,67 Right of Ways, 3
Conaoy,62 Roundabouts,4l,S4,60
Canttolsi 15,16 Road lunctions, 6,46
Crossing Roads, 6,7 Road Code euestions, Sg-70
Drioing Position, 74 Vehicle Condition, S
DrioingTest Route, 47 Seat Belts, g
DuaI Carriageutay, 50,54 Signals, 2I,55,56,57
Detour, 69 Soft Shoulder, T0
Emergency Vehicles,7,62 Steering 41
Fording 66 Stoppittg,1.0,1g,42
Eiltration, 59 Speed Limit,10,62,68
Filter Lights,I1 Slip Road, 52,59
Gear Changing,I&,1M Skid,62
Horn,47 Troffi" Lights,9,25,J5,64
Licmce, TL Turning Back, 47,46,49
Loads, 8 Turnfug Lefi, 45
Mirrors,9 Turning Right,45
Mooing off,77 Wrttten Tbst, J0
Motor Cycles, 8,9 Yard Tbst, S0
 APPEND[X

OBTAINING A PROVISIONAL DRIVERS LICENCE

(LEARNERS LICENCE)
Ohain an Application Form from the Tax O{fice.
Subnit the completed Form, along with two recent passport size photographs
which mu$ be ceftified by a Justice of the Peace (J.P), to the Tax Office.
Pay the required fee and r5btain a receipr
A Provisional Licence will be issued for a period not exceeding six months.
N.B. Those applyrng for hovisional Ucences should be able to read and write
EngliSh and should also have attained 17 years of ap.

OBTAINING A DRIVER'S LICENCE:

Obtain an Application Form from the Tax Office.
Have the completed foim signed by a Justice of the Peace (J.P)
Pay the requircd fee and obtain a receipt.
Submit the following to the Examination Depot"
The completed, notarized Application Form.
The Driver's Licence receipt.
Three passport size photogaphs.
An appointment date for both written and driving teSs will ften be issued.
HAVING PASSED TIIE DRIVING TEST
The Examination Depot will prepare a Certificate of Competence for yoq which
will be attached to your original Application form and returned to you.
Submit these documents to the Tax Office where you will:
lay the required fee and obtain a rcceipt. (The receipt will indicate tkperiod
for which your licence is valid).
Complete and Application Form for Driver's Licence (Forn F7}
Have your photograph taken.
_Y9! will be notified by the Tax Office when your lience wilt be ready.
-,
N.B. Licences are normally issued for a period not exceeding three yeam, rbnewable
on your bithday.

RENEWING A DRIVER'S LICENCE

Submit expired licence to the Tax O{Iice.
In applying for a new licence, mmplete the Fescribed form.
Pay the required fee and obtain a receipl
N.B. Until the new licence is. ready, drive in possession of you of your receip and
the previously expired licence.
You will be notified by the Tax Office as to when your licence witt be ready.
Renewal of licences rnay be canieGout up to thirty days prior to expiratiori.

HAVING LOSTA, DRIVER'S LICENCE

Report the mattrer, without delay, to the Fclice, and obtain the releyant letter from
them.
Take the letter to the: Island Thafiic Authorlty.
I U2 Manhattan Roa('Kingstm 5.
The Adhority in turn will prepare a statement to the collector of raxes indicating
whether or not there is any Judicial Endorsement (official entry by court) on th6
licence.
Pay the reqnircdfee and obtainareceipt
ohain a substi0fie from the Tax slid wtere the origrnal licence was obtained.