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ACTIVITY 2 - Logic and Proofs 2024-2025

The document outlines a series of logical proofs and exercises for a Discrete Mathematics course at Bicol University. It includes tasks such as proving logical equivalences, determining truth values of statements, and validating arguments using truth tables and modus tollens. Additionally, it presents problems related to integers and properties of odd numbers.

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14 views1 page

ACTIVITY 2 - Logic and Proofs 2024-2025

The document outlines a series of logical proofs and exercises for a Discrete Mathematics course at Bicol University. It includes tasks such as proving logical equivalences, determining truth values of statements, and validating arguments using truth tables and modus tollens. Additionally, it presents problems related to integers and properties of odd numbers.

Uploaded by

msrect14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CpE 13 | DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Bicol University Polangui


Electronics and Computer Engineering Department
2nd Semester, AY 2024- 2025

ACTIVITY 2 | LOGIC AND PROOFS

1. Prove that ¬[𝑟 ∨ (𝑞 ∧ (¬𝑟 → ¬𝑝))] ≡ ¬𝑟 ∧ (𝑝 ∨ ¬𝑞) by using a series of logical


equivalences.

2. Prove ¬(𝑝 ∨ (¬𝑝 ∧ 𝑞)) ≡ ¬𝑝 ∧ ¬𝑞

3. Prove (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) → (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ≡ 𝑇

4. Let 𝑃(𝑥) be the statement 𝑥 ! < 𝑥 where the universe for x is all real numbers.
(a) Determine the truth value of 𝑃(0).
(b) Determine the truth value of 𝑃(1/3).
(c) Determine the truth value of 𝑃(2).
(d) Determine the set of all real numbers for which 𝑃(𝑥) is true.

5. Let 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) be the statement 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 – 𝑦 where the universe for x and y is the set of all
real numbers. Determine the truth value of:
(a) 𝑄(5, −2).
(b) 𝑄(4.7, 0).
(c) Determine the set of all pairs of numbers, 𝑥 and 𝑦, such that 𝑄(𝑥, 𝑦) is true.

6. The proposition (¬𝑞 ∧ (𝑝 → 𝑞)) → ¬𝑝 is a tautology, as the reader can check. It is the basis
for the rule of inference modus tollens:
¬𝑞
𝑝 → 𝑞
∴ ¬𝑝
Suppose we are given the propositions: “If the class finishes Chapter 2, then they have a
quiz” and “The class does not have a quiz.” Find a conclusion that can be drawn using
modus tollens.

7. Determine whether this argument is valid by using a truth table:


I play golf or tennis.
If it is not Sunday, I play golf and tennis.
If it is Saturday or Sunday, then I don’t play golf.
Therefore, I don’t play golf.

8. Suppose we have:
“Every student in this class is a Junior.”
“Every Junior in this class passed the final exam.”
“Allen is a student in this class.”
Explain why we can draw the conclusion “Allen passed the final exam.”

9. Prove that there is only one pair of positive integers that is a solution to 3x2 + 2y2 = 30.

10. Prove that the square of every odd integer ends in 1, 5, or 9.

This material is assembled solely for the use of students in CpE 13 | Discrete Mathematics at the
Bicol University Polangui and is not to be sold, distributed, reproduced or otherwise. Page 1 of 1

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