CESG 565: Soil Dynamics Course Map

3
Epicenter

Vibration Fundamentals
Soil Structure Interaction 2
7
Soil 5
Rock Dynamic Soil Props
1 A Few Earthquake Basics
& Overview of Hazards

4
Wave Propagation
 u

m
m
k
k

Tn
N

Tn
h
C
 u0 = uo
+uo
m

Displacement, u
k

-uo
Time

u0 =

c +uo
Displacement, u

-uo
Time
 Q(t)

u(t)

c
FI
m Q(t) Fd

Fs
k

Q(t) = FI + Fd + Fs

Fs Fd FI

k = spring constant c = viscous damping m = mass

1
coefficient 1
 c = 0, Q(t) = 0
c > 0, Q(t) = 0
c = 0, Q(t)
c > 0, Q(t)

0 = m + ku

u(t) =

t=0 u0, 0

u0 =

0=

C1 =

u(t) =
Displacement, u

Time
 W = 50 kN

k=?
 0 = m + c + ku

+ 2D

, D

D
D
 t=0 u0,
0

u0 =

0=

= -

C1 = ( 0 +D u 0) /
C2 =

u(t) =
Displacement, u

Displacement, u

Time
 = ln( )

= ln( ) =

10
9
8 =
7
D = ln( ) 6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

D d

c = 11.4 N-sec/mm

W = 50 kN

k = 1 kN/mm
 D

Time

D
Displacement, u

u(t)
u 0

Time
 Q(t)
Q(t) = m + c + ku

u(t) Q

m Q(t) = Q sin( Qt)

k Q sin( = m + ku
Qt)

uc(t) = up(t) =

u(t) = sin( Q t)

= =0

u(t) =
 Q

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Tuning Ratio, = Q / n

Q(t)
u(t).

u(t)

Q(t) = m + c + ku
m Q(t)

k
u(t) =

ug(t)
 ut(t),
ug(t) u(t)

t=0 t>0 u(t)

m
Q(t) = m + c + ku

ug(t)

Q(t)

= + m + c + ku = -m

Q(t) = -m

W = 50 kN

k = 1 kN/mm

Q(t)
 Q sin( Qt) = m + c + ku

uc(t) = up(t) =

C3 C4

u(t) =

t=0
u0= 0 =0

C1 = C2 =

=
 D = 1%

D = 2%

10 D = 5%

Dynamic Magnification Factor

D = 20%
D = 30%
D = 40%
1 D = 50%

0.1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Tuning Ratio, = Q / n

Q = n

k = 1 kN/mm D d

Q(t)

D = 1% D = 1% D = 1%
 u(t) =

m
k

u(t) = sin( Q t)

Q Q

Q = n

C2 =
 1.5 0.35

1 0.25

Acceleration (g)
0.15
Acceleration (g)

0.5
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.5
-0.15
-1 -0.25

-1.5 -0.35
0 2 4 6 8 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (seconds)

0.35 Q(t)
0.25
Acceleration (g)

0.15 Q
0.05
-0.05
-0.15
-0.25
-0.35 = = =
5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (seconds)

t
t1

t1 Q
t1

= =0

u(t) =

=0

u(t) =
 Q( )

t
t

t d t= :

u(t) =

u(t) =

n
t

Q(t) Q(t) Q(t)

t t t
u(t) u(t)

t t t
 u(t) =

0.2
Ground Acceleration (g)

0.15
0.1
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
-0.15
-0.2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (seconds)

30 30 30

20 20 20
Displacement, u (mm)
Displacement, u (mm)

10 10 10

0 0 0

-10 -10 -10

-20 -20 -20

-30 -30 -30

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time (seconds) Time (seconds) Time (seconds)
 Tn

0.35 30

Spectral Displacement (cm)

0.3 25
Fourier Amplitude

0.25
20
0.2
15
0.15
10
0.1

0.05 5

0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds) Period (seconds)

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
m D
-0.2
k Tn
-0.4

-0.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (t)
Time (seconds)

u(t)
0.25 30
0.2
Spectral Displacement (cm)

25
0.15
0.1
20
0.05
0 15
-0.05
10
-0.1
-0.15 5
|u|max = 0.194 cm
-0.2
-0.25 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (seconds) Period (seconds)
 0.8

0.6
Ground Acceleration (g)
0.4

0.2

0 m D
-0.2
k Tn
-0.4

-0.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (t)
Time (seconds)

u(t)
1.5 30
Spectral Displacement (cm)

Spectral Displacement (cm)

1 25

0.5 20

0 15

-0.5 10

-1 5

-1.5 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (seconds) Period (seconds)

0.8

0.6
Ground Acceleration (g)

0.4

0.2

0
D
-0.2
k Tn
-0.4

-0.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (t)
Time (seconds)

u(t)
3 30
Spectral Displacement (cm)

Spectral Displacement (cm)

2 25

1 20

0 15

-1 10

-2 5
|u|max = 2.6269 cm
-3 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (seconds)
 0.8

0.6
Ground Acceleration (g)
0.4

0.2
m
0
D
-0.2 k
Tn
-0.4

-0.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (seconds)

u(t)
8 30
|u|max = 6.0376 cm
6
Spectral Displacement (cm)

Spectral Displacement (cm)

25
4
20
2
0 15
-2
10
-4
5
-6
-8 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (seconds) Period (seconds)

0.8
m
0.6

0.4

0.2 k
0
D
-0.2
Tn
-0.4

-0.6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 (t)
Time (seconds)

u(t)

20 30
15
Spectral Displacement (cm)

25
10
20
5
0 15
-5
10
-10
5
-15
|u|max = 16.4695 cm
-20 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.01 0.1 1 10
Time (seconds) Period (seconds)
 30

Spectral Displacement (cm)

25

20

15

10

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)

Sv Sa
140 2.5

120
Spectral Velocity (cm/sec)

Spectral Acceleration (g)

100

80 1.5

60 1
40
0.5
20

0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds) Period (seconds)

= Sv = PSV
= Sa = PSA

PSV PSA

PSV PSA

Sa = PSA D=0
Sa PSA D < 20%
Sa PSA D > 20%
 Tn Tn ,
1.5 1.5

PSA = 2 = 0.972 g
1 1
Spectral Acceleration (g)
0.5 0.5

0 0

-0.5 -0.5

-1 -1

-1.5 -1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (seconds) Time (seconds)

Sa PSA PSA Sd
Sa

2.5 1.65
Spectral Acceleration Pseudospectral Acceleration
1.63
2
1.61
Acceleration (g)

1.5 1.59

1.57
1
1.55
0.3 0.32 0.34 0.36
0.5

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)

c
m

k k

Vmax

F = ku

Sd =
 D

2
1.8

Pseudspectral Acceleration (g)

1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)
 0.35 1
M7.5
0.25

0.1
0.15
Acceleration (g)

0.05
0.01
-0.05
M5.7
-0.15
0.001
-0.25
M3.9
-0.35 0.0001
0 10 20 30 40 0.1 1 10
Time (seconds) Frequency (Hz)

Mw3.9 Mw7.5
0.09 0.7 0.7
0.08 0.6 0.6
0.07
0.5 0.5
0.06
PSA (g)
PSA (g)

0.05 0.4 0.4

0.04 0.3 0.3
0.03
0.2 0.2
0.02
0.01 0.1 0.1

0 0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds) Period (seconds) Period (seconds)

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4
PSA (g)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
 D = 5% D = 10% D = 20%
2
Pseudospectral Acceleration (g)

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)
 1.4

1.2
Spectral Acceleration (g)

1
1 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.01 0.1 1 10

2 1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)

1.4

1.2 T
Spectral Acceleration (g)

1 T
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)
Ss T S1 T

Ss S1 Vs30
Ss S1
 Vs30

Vs

Fa Fv
Fa Fv

Fa T
Fv T
Ss S1
To = 0.2SD1 SDS
T < To,
Ts = SD1 SDS

To < s,

TL

Ts < T < TL,

T >TL,

SD1 SDS,
 Vs

0
Vs = 320 ft/s
2.5
Vs = 700 ft/s
9.5

100
 1.2
1.1
1

Spectral Acceleration (g)

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.01 0.1 1 10

Period (seconds)
 Nisqually Earthquake Recording near UW UW Design Spectrum
1.2

Spectral Acceleration (g)

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.01 0.1 1 10

Period (seconds)

Fire Station 28 Boeing

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)
uy

Ductility = 1 (Elastic) Ductility = 5

2
1.8
Spectral Acceleration (g)

1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)
 Ductility = 1 (Elastic) Ductility = 5
0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0.01 0.1 1 10
Period (seconds)