— 4 ‘gute of Equations and Eigenvalue Problems 3.21 eeeeeeGelLeGSESE = . Find a root of xlogygx—1.2 = 0 by N.R method correct to three decimal places. [A.U. Nov/Dec 2004] [A.U M/J 2007] [A.U CBT M/J 2010, Tvli M/J 2010, CBT N/D 2010] (AU 3. 16 Rel olution : [A.U A/M 2015 (R8-10)][A.U N/D 2016 R-13] Note: Fix 4 decimal places in your calculator. Given : xlogiox - 12 = 0 Let f@) = xlogiox ~ 12 £ (1) = logig1-12=-12 =-ve [= 2logio2-1.2 = -0.598 = ve f@) = 3logig3 -12=0.231= +ve So, a root lies between 2 and 3. Here, |f(2)| > 1f@) | ‘Therefore, the root is nearer to 3. Let us take,» x9 =2.7 If () = xlogyx — 1.2 NR Formula: 41 = %- 20 1 je ee 169 [1204] tlogiox = logige-+ loggx J’ Gn) = nt = Xn — logioe + logiox 1=0 ko= VG) ") 2.7 |=(2.7)logig2.7-1.2 — |=logige + logig 2.7 4m | f@n) =x logiox —12 =~0.035 = 0.866 “l= Pe) “@) 274 |=(2.74)logy 2.7412 |=logyg e+ogyo 2.74 =-0.001 =0872 7) "@) ale P-741 |= (2.741)logyg 2.741-12|=logyg ¢+logyo 2.741 | > ™ = 0.872of Equations and Eigenvalue Problems 3.37 a | the system of equations by Gauss elimination method. solv state tne 7 Ai HHT tyty = 2 gta t int = 55 tH t yt 4y = 6 olution : ‘The given system is equivalent to foe ; t- Fx d- Alda} le]. ee ie 11 -eastewa] hey ig gee ae td aly 4 77 i) poplars eeq Vg Ml -5 fut ie 1 >, 4[iq6 5 1. 1.1) - 4] R,e5R,-Ry a he AL. oh you SB oe Ih ge Sabra 0 eee 0 4 4 19) -34 R,°5Ry-Ri Sd 17 t : wwlg ge [GL _ at] 56] Ro Sas a 0 0 970 120] -1210) Ry + 34Ry ~ 4Rz 0 0. 120 630] -1380 Ro Ro 5 i 1 1 4) 22 lt aie ol alee 0. 0% [gah —Taprs 10 0 0. M12) 263} -138 Ry Ree 0 pg 2 1 4 on bis — Tene 2 28) Ryo 97R4— 12R3 oF Oo | -121 a 4 6 0 0 per) ee This is an upper triangular matrix. Now, using back substitution method. try = 11934 [ores + 12y = —12t Thy + 2xy +24 = 8 ) = 2B 11934 |onxy412(-2) = — 221 they +2(-1)+2(-2 qe 3967 : eae Oey — 24 = 121 ot, = B+ Oxy =—121 + 24 Ihe try, = 34 9 = —yr a3 Solution of Equations and Eigemaiyg ety sytntnty = 4 sy e2e ye = 4 Sy-1 4 sy = 5 nel Hence, the solution 6x, = 4.42 = 245 = 1x 4. Using Gauss elimination method, solve the system, BUSe~ L96y +3852 = 1295 2a + Sty ~ 2892 S92 + 3Sy + 215 Solution + Note ¢ IM.K.U. 1981] [AU ND ng ‘Solve by using Caleulator and cross check your anmer Hire, we get x= 1.709, y = ~18, 2 = 1.049 The given sjem is equivalent to fas -196 385] fa] [anos a3 “si. -289] |y] = |-ao1 se 30s 2as| [2] | 68 pas 195" 3as) 1285] Ge) tA 8) = [23 “sz 289] —a6i ss 305213] 688 Bas 19 3gs a zi ~ [0 ances -arans —s40g] R27345R2 2a 9 a1ai07 -160195 $4952] Ro 3.45Rs~ 57% Pas -196 385 n9s $38 17304 54705] Ry + 203028R3 — 2.2107R: oo a7 eas] (Tem tering matric Now, ing back substuion meio Wii: = Bae 2 = 100 fonee 103 decimal places 230%) ~ 10% = =A 23 ~ (17308) (1.019) = ~$4.705 20302 ~ wBaSI9 = —54.705 MSiaiy = —54705 4 181519 = 365531 nue ions and Eigenvalue Problems jon of Ecual a ise 1967+ 3S = 1295 pase 196 (-18) + 385 (1099) = 1295 se +3528-+ 403865 = 1295 3ASe + 7.56665 = 1295 Base = 1295 ~ 756665 = 53835 x= 178 un te solution is x= 170, y = —1800,2 = 100 4 Soe the folowing system by Gauss-Jordan method. Sty thy tah mtn ty ty, th + Oxy += Smt ty thy Suoton : Interchange the ist andthe lst equation so thatthe coetcent fain the fist equation is 1. Te, we have, 11 1 4-6 171 a wl 8-1) 1 6 4 5 S11 a) 4 ho 1 1 4-6) RoR,—R “hog $3) alneacs os 4 a9] x] BO hoa ya Ho ~!0 2 0 05} 3} ge BE OOS. Bf ap D4 4-19] s snake them he aig! He lvot element row. In the pivot element esluma make *" clements are zero, -f 28 ale RoR - Pr 0-05 RiP 0 3 poo dB gp Renee to 1 45| =f 1 oo. -03] (3) eo oo 1-06) 02) 5 Oo 4 =n} 46Oem # Solution of Eaustions and Egoma, id equations ond Eigenvalue Problems tai a seond teration ‘ pe pes BO +o = 5-20 )49)« gy 1 0 = Ayr ay 420) = Bors 10218 + 20018) «sang 0-30) 2 ae 0 ins] 2 hp 2- 91 = ay P4-16~sc1sny «oy 0 R30 42} LIB— 3005 +1 = Oop tion = gon era @y = Apes 200s ee 2) = Ls 243 = 6 [25 ~ 2005-29554] = oop p= pe ay +2) = Fb2— sass som = s359 ‘Third iteration i 2 = dyy-y 4204 = plt7 + 09998 + 1.9595) = tony Aas Px He -2 -H) = Fh e4— 1310-30510) = 1016 od P= As 2-4) = F5~20510) -4 L479 = 159 30 = Rpw-3) +29) Flr 3+ 09555) = —s0n ® «A ps—n04340) A ps-2 +39) 1 Aps-2=3) = 100 0 d po 4 422) = Apo 4cisioys rai « 139 Fourth iteration 1 ‘ 1 4pss— 2 ~ 42 = 2135-21138) -4cs9) = 148 29 = L742) = Ear +142] = a " gan 20am 7 s0a poy —20) ~ 3) = Lprg—a369- : po SE ga Ra gp = 90) = Epos 13993 1488) = tame ot Fath tration 9 = F529 49) = Lps—2—3 = a0 6 HAH +20) = [82 - 4 (1.468) + 1821] = 1397 ‘Third iteration values = Fourth iteration values. Hence x= 1, y 9 = Bias — 21 — 40) = Fis- 20am 4c) = 16 oO. =1 Solve the system by Gauss Seldal iteration method plz — 30) = Log —a397 345] = Lat Wet 4y— 2232, x4 3y 4 102% 24, 2x + Ty + 42=38 Ss 0 x pau np 20100 Heaton : Solution + Pe Si 9 40) « Liga —aqiscg + 1m] = 8 Nie () Soke by wig clear ind aos Gk] yy Es ©) Fix 3 decimal places in your calculator We get x= 1398, y = 1466, 2 = 1820 o. AS the coefiient matrix ig only dominant solving for)" , Fe P9039 « Ls tena ie = EO . bs - 28) =a) = Jpss- 2c - 4080) aii = lta 39 = 3 pi- 1.398 - 31466) = 180 Weraton ; 6 , Ue the intial wales be y=, 2 0 * BR 66 4,0 2p aun +1821 = First eration; Moa » y= 16 Madey - WBS~ 26 < 46) 0 js -2¢1399) 4109) wE2~040) = 16 " “ae eey jons and Eigenvalue Probl equate lems vy | ut = Ly [pat A 1 9549-3.) = 2, png HY 1 = 3617542 (28) ~3406n) = 9 olan of Equstlons ard Egemay 363 pp ertion ¢ Hence, x = 1398, se save the ftoving eatin wslog GAUSS JOC metho, don n2y +328 75, +MY ~22= 48, FY +I 1S As zx- 9?) = 2s (AU ND 20 gy ep hs 2 YP) = S15 ~ 2584 ~ 2600) 10969 a) @) Oy = 1, poe B42 = Ty l88 2584 42 400m) 2997 Soluton : CD) Soke by wing ealeaator and eros check yoar sang (@) Fix 3 decimal places in your calculator We get x= 2580, y = 2.798, z = 1.069 ‘As the coalcient matrix is diagonally dominant solving for xy.2 weg ah ieration & B= 1549-2] = F15+2 A) -3008) « 2550 2 gf 4) - 2 0 = As +22 = Lis-2590+2¢00) = 297 Peg "7 = 23 zed sey-abiy = glx 422 = 5 5-2 y Lys xy) = 1 et the nl vale be = 0, y=, Pa gls-20-9) « 55 2580~2797 = 1009 Fst iteration : ” erat 1 Oe a F115 +9) 20 =F 175-+2(2.797) ~ 3 (1089) = 2580 od (3) 1 205 = 109 I= F829 420} = Lys —2500+20009) = 208 ‘Second iteration ; # Dat : = dh fs—s yO) = 15-2590 - 2797 = 1.009 3 yO} = Apis 2580-2797] ee 5 2) 515 +290 — 20) Fults + 22824) — 3 C660] + r PL ps0, Tied heron: » ea seat: ru 1 = Gla 420) = Dee 25+ 2 queen) = 2 ; = 3g [95 + 29 — 326) Fls +2..798) -3 0.069] = 2580 [is —25 ~ 2824) = 1075 ;. Medea 1 17 8 20 4 20) = p49 ~ 2580 +2(L009)] = 278 1 1 af 0 * 9154330) = Lips +2e8rs) 301009) ao. 505-10 _ 0, Pad 5 2 2.580 — 2.798) = 1.069 18-20) 42.0) 6 Legg aser-42c.o75) = “station values = Filth iteration values Me, SF 2.980, y = 2.798, 2 = 1068 ei) gUS-2 y= Lis 2500-2679) = 1057Solution of Equator and Eigen ta tag) zp fu 02) -i} os] = |o2} = 59 ]"o] — lf a] (ss) a] 7 59% 3 2} oz] f 22] oa =i} |°o| = |-02] = 62 Jol 3] | a 63| a] ~ 82% 2) fos] 24] as -1| [0 = Jos] = 74 Jor] - s|{ 1] [74 a] > 74% 2) fos} f 2] (03 -1) Joa} = os] = 71 Joa} = ray 6 3 fa} tal 1 ’ Here, Xp=Xq, Hence, the numerically largest Eigenvalue = 7 ay, 03] corresponding Eigenvector = /01 1 1 1 os [AU NPD 2006, N/D 2013, N/D 2014, M/J 2013, A/M 2017 Rg [AU NDD 2016 R13] [AU ND 2016 (RS-10)] [A.U N/D 2021 (Rt NM Solution ¢ Nat soi 2. ing permet, dal th Egenales of f 4 j 1 To find the Figeavalues sole B-sP4s,1-5, 0. (1) where 81 = Sum of the main diagonal elements = OFS =8 Sp = Sum of the minors of the main diagonal elements 59 bra) fo] --oeas—1-1 -2 of 05] Ss = IA () = P8144 eas 20 Sobing, we get = 6, 3; =—2, 4y=4 So, the numerically largest Bigenvalue = 6 s 4 is [Use your calculator, Working rule given i this book 48 Now, we wl we power method «y Equatlons ond Elgeralue Probes von an 5 5 alo 2 9f fol =o] 5 mn lt “ost fof ft] ~S)8 5 so ft ey 1 2 alfa] = fo}. 5 0 A] [1] [sa : a fo -2 of fo) = fol salt]. a= 0 “9 5] foal [3 io] = 58% 50 [1] fsa r ~ [oe 2 offo] =[0) = sola] ~ss ment To slfos] [4 0 = 6X5 5 0 ata] [sa] i = fo -2 olfo} = fol =sn]o| - sx Ms lo 5{lo7| las las] so tifa] [ssi 1 a= [0-2 offo] = [0] = ss}o| = ssx, 1 “0 s|jos} — [s 9 0 ata) fos] fat ax= fo -2 ofo] = Jo] = s9]o} = 59% 1 0 sfjos} [ssf Here, Xy = Xo, Hence, the mumericly largest Eigen = 6 a! the 1 ‘mesponding Eigenvector = fl 1 A) A = 6; Eigenvector = |0 1 i 1 0 4 Bsa-a=]o -8 Jaen f 1 0 + f t By = |g} = -1] 0] = -1% 1 a 1 q 2 1 ayy ot ~ q| - - =! -3 of | of - i lS 19) =a} [-t y3.72 Solution of Equations and Eigenvalue p ie able "i -1 0 1 A. 1 Here Y3 = Y4 Greatest Eigenvalue of B = -2 Smallest Eigenvalue of A = —2+6=4 Ath =5-24+5F 8 ret eB Be Eigenvalues are 6, 4, -% . ntsanvalue and the corresponding Eigenvector ef ¥