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Promises JS

The document provides an overview of JavaScript promises, which represent the completion or failure of asynchronous operations and are preferred over callbacks to avoid 'callback hell.' It explains how to create promises, chain them for sequential operations, and manage concurrency with methods like Promise.all() and Promise.race(). Additionally, it covers static methods, instance properties, and methods such as then(), catch(), and finally() that enhance promise functionality for efficient web application development.

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2 views

Promises JS

The document provides an overview of JavaScript promises, which represent the completion or failure of asynchronous operations and are preferred over callbacks to avoid 'callback hell.' It explains how to create promises, chain them for sequential operations, and manage concurrency with methods like Promise.all() and Promise.race(). Additionally, it covers static methods, instance properties, and methods such as then(), catch(), and finally() that enhance promise functionality for efficient web application development.

Uploaded by

wajahatbalochqsols
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MASTERING

JAVASCRIPT
PROMISES

Yasith Wimukthi
Understanding Promises

Promises are objects that represent the eventual


completion (or failure) of an asynchronous
operation.
They are cleaner and more readable than using
callbacks, which can lead to "callback hell."
A Promise is in one of these states:
pending: initial state, neither fulfilled nor
rejected.
fulfilled: meaning that the operation was
completed successfully.
rejected: meaning that the operation failed.
Creating a Promise

A promise can be created using the Promise


constructor, which takes a function with resolve and
reject parameters.
Inside this function, you write the asynchronous
code. When the operation completes successfully,
you call resolve with the result; if there's an error,
you call reject with the error.
Chained Promises

You can chain promises using then() to perform


sequential operations.
Each then() returns a new promise, allowing you to
chain multiple asynchronous operations.
Promise Concurrency

JavaScript is inherently single-threaded, but


promises can manage concurrency.
Promise.all() waits for all promises to resolve before
continuing.
Promise.race() resolves or rejects with the first
promise to resolve or reject.
Static Promise Methods

Promise.resolve(): Returns a promise that resolves


with a given value.
Promise.reject(): Returns a promise that rejects with
a given reason.
Promise.allSettled():Returns a promise that resolves
after all of the given promises have either resolved
or rejected.
Promise.any():Returns a promise that resolves as
soon as any of the given promises resolve, or rejects
if all of the promises reject.
Promise.all(): Waits for all promises in an iterable to
resolve or reject. Returns a promise that resolves
when all promises have resolved or rejects when
one rejects.
Promise Instance Properties

These properties are defined on Promise.prototype


and shared by all Promise instances.

Promise.prototype.constructor : The
constructor function that created the instance
object. For Promise instances, the initial value
is the Promise constructor.
Promise.prototype[@@toStringTag] : The initial
value of the @@toStringTag property is the
string "Promise". This property is used in
Object.prototype.toString().
Promise Instance Methods

then(): Handles successful completion of a


promise. Takes onFulfilled and onRejected
arguments. If fulfilled, onFulfilled is called with
the result; if rejected, onRejected is called with
the error.
catch():Handles promise rejections. Takes a
function called with the error causing the
rejection.
finally(): Executes a callback regardless of
fulfillment or rejection.
Conclusion

Promises are powerful tools for asynchronous


operations.
Chaining promises enables sequential
processing.
By mastering promises and their methods,
developers can create more efficient and
reliable web applications.
Yasith Wimukthi

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