*9 UN DT ee @® tedium Accers Sub Layer edu ChO~n The physi call Layen deols coth tHe danimissian of Siymol avev differed pronmmittian Med ae ¢ | Por ‘Quiiewy _relsatle, efficient Commun ition “blero Aa thime Hu data Link layer pleys Om tonpadard vals Fhis tayer bosically dea wit frame 2>fmabian flow Control, Evi contral, addvessing. * 4 Dole Line Lager 4 fh second) Layer) 27,053 leamce madd 5 34 above Hu physical Layer: “Pasion of Me Datalinds Layer 3 | Neworr layer] f Data Link Layer provide teruies Jo A "pakuerte “lose te a, LAME dye sersices from “Physical LoHer og Os Une Lage] pete {e Bugetions of Dole tink Layer: * Sat tie oe a] romster Syrebvemigahion eral rants eee Dae nem a = wel ed Services rtevfor 4 Code merste 5 He NY Lager | a te cee ‘re at Te octch| dota 4 aod ale Tp He dahnahen roe hin oe (emi af tah frame Sen Lcttemahion Fashine Scanned with CamScannererent “The Bounce Aroshine Mir SS Fi fe ee | woke choi, 80 nea [dots Rraome Pecoset, Con Cube Hen 3 pir Fae Pays devon Jromsom) 444 Gay from made 47% 4 Se desimekon am oahin & amust be olehected 4 covvecked * a Piudreraiig: Many machines Comm ected do yether Gin U qe identity of wndividual machines rmvsh BE S ‘ Apeofied tuhile tramsani Hing Yu dota east Lin Mamas ernesd: 4 “Pratacals ov procedures f | I a nk an amoyement , | & a“ inihokion Marntenamce , ond of HE | Link ies recuies hora. OetHemenioed in vequived Bor Hea Yeive extLonge & dola- “| A vequives Con erdination omd ce-oferchion| Qe ong Alokans - required Service”Provided fy tWehwere layer ‘ TO ake Umi Lay ew a ae layer iy He layer above Ha : Man OST Madd: So tH is 4 ete aT ge —Keryics to Hy Ntheak Layer = Provide Scanned with CamScanner@ . May serice bo b so provided aj ty banshee tata Pom Ma RW Lager On Hi tending madine do He neltuark Layer of Hu yeceuvery Mmedime h Phe’ Wirtval pot Rottewer Rov tech % Cammumnicabion , M iy mat Hu acral poth, a Pe etval bere Pollowed by the data from sending machine . deghmohon: Types of Seruices Pravided 4 8 Wnackmaulelged Conmedionlen tenice k ~Aeknoolesdzed Camnmechontess semice ented seruice 3 Permowledjea Cammechon ® umawrmouledjer Comineciionlty, SENT a Im Mis tee a senuice, Mu dulbneahon mmachme dou ret end back Or actmeuledgeomerd af roog SECs, Prarnes: sav Ohh @ Ge ot gt Aenpice ot So VW? Cammeshen is Catabtishea before Camm Umiceion 6 veleased | a ab 14 Quer & Ra Lame is Jost due to maise, ar de rmode @ ~Peltmowlenged Cormectiowlen Service Sexwice: 7 serra ie S au Wiest ate. & 2 Tn th) serait there at vik, used bad her Tele) ela ayecanen Beds Om" ‘6 ao. + He dynder- + Roe» mal “Ye paneer “aa wel rs yea a ‘Scanned with CamScannerAlehenoaledy ed CownteHon Owerded Mewwices 1S Bttebtiskes ee Conm fabian, OS lye Hu Canmechan, BD Relecue te Coen 20 tiny 4 Quamees, of) dlet iverg of dota >) Rebicuble Serwices pe Petit al weg = \— Le He, bik & be ochenmita |» brahen Ln fo cliserele fromes ad Hie dake Live Layer In Ovdev AO Quavndee aod Hae BIE Fem Vs evrw free tha theduwm of Cock Prawn ¢ 4 Cambuled: oF 4 \veew Ge 0 frame i4 vec elued aa Pole Link Here , yecampuley Hee -enechsuon, 1 ia ja Aifherand ‘Bow Ha ee ain, Hua frome | tren! Hue | data tin’ Vnewy thOwn On evrw N04 @ceored. YW Hen discards the bad frame y Hin ' Sends a. a requed for Yebansmi sion. Br Ha BM ateam 4m, fe Prommes! i 4 Caued 04 Taming 1 aroting ; 7 Ee ‘Scanned with CamScannerQme wa Jer get ar rie Seated or | Sere f [Theme YL peme [mame JT Pame ais bg ° cae 4 | Bu Prociicaby ea Pram technique ZA Wark Satisfulctory becouse nehunks a ‘t dle nat make Ong gquarntees bout the Aimrwng. Bram Methods: / : ae ametheds Or Led fov Calton t wacker —_ Count 2. Startery and ending Unnracters Coit | —— CLnoracter Atebleng oh 4. Gtadeng Gnd tncliny Ghags, csttty by Aaluffeng- “ ie Physical Layer Codey Viesloams 1) | Ghanacter Count: : a] Ty dis Methea po Fite 2m He header, 5) 240d T poi . ry oa : We “Fecei wen! wees ay £] Ray Number Helps Hr Teceiver AD kenee Aaumnber of Unonacters am He Pame te dis Count: atten 1, aoe ee ema Laks a +) Qe et ‘Scanned with CamScannera Fhe Two frames Ahowm 2h mate wu of + 3 4@ hanacters yespectively wi thet + ne disadvantage of this methed Sele al ‘ Om emey Cam Uhamge thy Unonecltr count Wurnber 4 vecelued Liat a ES et out of yn chronigcho, Hae Stack of +] Hy Wray Coen Chanacter © dren Hy veceiun wilh 4 Qma will be Limable to Lecabe Next Freme \ ; 2 | The character Count mmethed 24 Narely itd, prech «we > Ste . | Unnracter As 14 The pe Count Method 14 | solved here mt 7 Staaten) pluna chebeye i oefore Hue Atontiny of eau frome and Om. ondary thonradey OF Hu One of each fieme & | Bach frame 4 preceded Heo hremsnmainian, of Ascri thonacky sequence Die STX C DLE Dak Link Escobe Ond STR: ~Stas-al Text ) a | After Cou frame de ASCIT Character fSequence DLE ETX 44 Aamsmdtted. Hore (dle: Data Link Excape EIx:— End of Text] ¢ | Sof Hu Teeeivts Hors Ha Aynchwnisalian — I U just ho Aeon Bor He DLE Ste oO | DLE EVX Uhoraten fo vetm bac to track i Niessen = See ‘Scanned with CamScanner Omd pay Unanacker Colt >=STRl4— Stav-ef Text Dies Dota Link Escape an Date fram meboonte ter ender iG) coaee Re ey ee ee as Data endef ema charaders: ye Evy Comte dyer a uj te sasneepreel “fy VER end of frome: j _— : technique 5 . AE a oe 4 PRY Ipralem a solved, y onsen He danegetloes Z : a ga gate Lue Layer of Hat —omaay et Asera DLE tnoneder Joibb J) DLE Mrasadey, 2% He OS be. “ema (© be be ‘Scanned with CamScannerha tonsa and | aaa a ea 1s Catted Character “Fhown pe) Dee) CS] ot ae | El bs | fea lt fos bo (9) [os] [Ed oi nl, fons = Layer fie agate ° _ fy Nit layer a tt aah dest fly 4 emertal [Character Stealer ] j Disadvantages + 4 | rerun disastvontage of Has Homan amevnas 2 thot Ge fave do Arse Unonostey ama PSCEPCodde. fe 4 | his Paver Con be “Overcame PY may Ph Pen dp muy Aer ty oO & a) 7Stodery 4_ Enaung Bap ae Stef a] Phy technique Alloa Arcam es. to tain © Gn. Qabitrany Number af bs ih Oma _ cages a ae ASSBT code + A 5 “flay Te Nae ao Cl TY mtbed Stesdag ‘Scanned with CamScannerTansee CHE) ig am ~ bil Steep pong Ca tk steeper ws Ase * phere Ou Six Simee technique Called His byte O 4 Biwkor to Untuactey . © pena atl ae La 6 ‘chetecs > Hh mevey te He presence of 5 Camse ceive enes 27 ; olata it Qumahcally Stuffs @ @ 0 bit ante e Hy oper pik Steam. biaawnaee, GU bit steppes gy ‘Scanned with CamScannerMetHap PRA mM TRG 1 ' pe 1 Scanned with CamScanner | ' ' 1 i 4 \ \ | ° tes 4 Trbodechion Te ond CorvecHow Covvechion Computer 2 pe —— ee fed! igo’ laren enemies ok 1 anysterms AN gi a @ rece dlte fakes _* 7 orn get ccdaeninaked Computers a: dic te addition of * Nsise! , He Can -inbeduce On _Errer +” j Fhe Noise “blmaoy bit; Arovellnng from ene 4Ystem fo Hua ather. jo 1 | thot, Means 0 Q moy chanje dk “74, Change fo 0. ont Pe _of Eves os Ex Ad Ve Comkends of Var Content Evo = ra QmMenaye ey a a wy oy Nice, Versa. "o" Mag be Teeetva Savbredeca due ty Rass Migr hor ce dota Doka Mok Moy be Lagt- aa He + Whos been deiveres Fo ey basins! karte] aie wale bi osc tas “at eee ae ‘Scanned with CamScannerponds On Ha Number of “bibs In Ey We Can cloenify He eyroyy an ty two FyYpe) Ze GLE BIN Ervew | Beesy Eve Fhat Mean, Omly One bit welll change Sram 1 to o w o te L A En REE TrangmHed Byte Received Byte, ere fe Single Bit Evvey | ~Rwist Ever peo SE aia so bis Pom a dette Amir auch 4 a byte Change fam 1 to © hd or fom o fe ta. “aie cata Fe Hove @ccored Feng sym Ariel TrancmiHed Recejues Byte Byte 4 ee hte th quash ty tmesaerss em i Sons Cervupiea ME de By Let Corvuprea be ‘Scanned with CamScanner“ rd “Tmpoten’ _Defimions 4) Codecuord ' Data’ bits Panihy ier of a bans mittest (edewerd] encocled block of Phe (odecucrd whem biks bik - Codeword = menage bUs 4 Porky bis o) Code yale! a> ~Ratw of Hu neumnber do We 4 tatal Number of of menage bids CK) bis Cm) 2m @ Codeword K a. Code vote CY) = me . ‘Scanned with CamScanneros Nel? Transmitted (ode word t fonat Bate coder No 2! ns ; Here Ha bh 2,4 i (7 Redondo. : é aw |" Eve detechen W4 He Cam cept of sredundamey , Cuhich MeLeny Qadarg, « > erha wy leu bits fe delecbuig Cvrers al 4 deghmalien! a | the Comeefe of Yedundancy + Phe Coeme eb 9g) af ifn of mae se Able aothater Teh Res Obbendes Ra ema of Scanned with CamScannerv * Amy aig evepant ® “a > he econ dai teu then be alte dv do obit fev — bit Careparision bl ths juso Versions Hu dota an ever told un dicobe yrechan amehamism Geren tmp, © Couls be SL 2” plore: Receiver node bata [oS ~ Dake ender “Data & ye Bs : t ‘ t 264 dite DOLL brates Scanned with CamScanner *y ~Triky Uneck yeaa cRect eames Check Ly ne moat Common 4, jee eiel Bea fev em detehen Hy Tain hg Com be Ucwifred: ia ol isfolegnes ey " a 5 abt Rg panihy cheek, Scanned with CamScannerO61 ~ MSer1 code D ” Even Paoily Gree) Dr ‘ bit st ede aan Sender Nede | “Receiver nede lab Padang, Hey, rupee? Qi ts deveres Fete Mumber er chery bandmilleyy we pan Hee sales Pager a portly yenerdier - . erak town) Hh 4s “tinal 96handy Me hau OF Chas aahe case) #2 KC end - 4 que tala) number of As igs ness 4am even Murrnbev . afi oa aes bens “A entre enone : Unik Gere Ha meyek ask s ! Lit Markey Ub Ytashey ahd dytnabSt te a pets ot GB Meeugh On| oe uUbtchins PIF Ae cea Scanned with CamScanner& 7 vagdgees Word ‘Wold yy, ASery Odd wes w Be we rt Dy eat gs oe jan "youth bit a re ae se. om bse 4 Lost thoracterCd) 4) Doge. “a a Wee cet ma Numer of One x sat FAME! toca ae es at Hs ve celery foun C*) af ie i dala Amik POMS ; ea ai dala dint Nt Ao eee 4 4 jovdott ibm Sronsity Receiver sees Umiteod of LLooovll * tha Pariky checker Counts Ho ds a e ren fm odd Number + gels 5 the veceiver knows Prot On ere hoy been Jrblhroduced Jam bo Vee data Orrot therefore eject Hu kitole mi) Noles Some System Wie Oda party) checkeuny tuhreve Hu Nuuwber af ds hold be Oda. “ipl eet re eel Seuppore He dendev wank Jo send He (a Ha five Urmoders Ou Coded Oy 9 [4 b yeu ————. —— Tr To rig Plobsit VT heere Protos saciid ‘Scanned with CamScanner— ite ttie S Lorie Sitoulge Stoilovs 4d Looloos We veeeivers Coun, Hui lo tm e€ Unonacker Ond Comes op with Hu number C6,6,4,4,4) 1 the dala Au accepted ei ee ‘ ews Suppae Hy Wed (usenld $44 CXanmpe Ghee 4 covvupted deny pamsmteitin Li Lesion Meets dius) tte thee zy Liotroce LL Go Loot Were, Fhe Receiver Couns tue ds as eauh Uanasley Ona Comes “4p Lath even Om eatd Snumioers Gh 6,5, 4,4): jhe Receiver bnew Ha date Qu Conupted , Ks for An F344 + discards Hew Oot 4 Aen ake rem Scanned with CamScanner4) é oe tee ache el oe Detectian Method Pandy thect Cheek yumm Siam ple Parity Chec ts OS Ro | by LRe | 2) Two dimemsianal Pawhy check Phe Most Camymen amd Leout et Pensive Ameth amin for ewe detechan i thy Nevread Redon Check. (NRY) often Cotted Paviry Cheer Trthiy o , Redumdamr bit is Cobted Parihy bur 16 Obpended Jo every clata Umit so tat tated Number al te in tha Umik Clartludadg ’ ” ha patty bit) beewmes Even. ter In Reo Pawlhy bit 14 Gadead Jo every doka Wrath —So thot at date Number of ds became, Even: ‘Scanned with CamScannerTig eon oor tested 2 re the “orb " —| eraser Woe Characters On ded O4 (Gordy pgpoote tiobteo 410dhoy BA ae dipodds Liobbby Ww ° | Step! After Par hy Cheeks | |} e— Jirois190 Lie qtr IOs Lipooloo dito tho8.2° Liocloot Y the Ere ho ottured eee ea Pio TEE? typt eo, LLletLoo LL cle CH G S 4+ LlooLooL ee) Wheeecclse colurds: Awa tn ech Unarasher” Gnd Came up with even Ond odd mumbes (7,6,5,4, 9) Trem the yeeeivers mene prot He ee Cowupred amsomnis hen discos Prem , Ginal Oak fev Soma 8 ony | Rerfevenannes: : : © Nie Con deter ow Angle bik eves» s Tt Can cletest burst ervey thy totol number of cvovs, seca eras 4 odd: ih ‘Scanned with CamScannerbote: =| Long Hhvdén al “Redundancy Checks CRO. - Tr Lee, ableck of bits 2) evgamized ano table cal [ Rows, z nn] deat 42 bis | we of foble made oe ee WS o ; Ovgorize, them 42% 8 Glu LRc Com be Caterutated afte Countuhs Hu Numbe of Is Then pec— im eau! Column , Tf Boofdsonu i oda them WEwrHe L! GthewiseO | RC» —,, BED 40101010 | Ip. Post amd Lout bibs im ead, af them daa. Undng ed maken dua doa unit yeast OlLirocel 2 0.10000! 0. thee th ice Com net be deteced ty LRe- Lec drerenig the dikelihod of detecting bust ener 4 L Am LRe Of % bil Com eovily detect a buyst ene, of th a Abst ener GP mare than 1 bis 1s abe cletectes! & LRe With @ G Verw high Prebabili hy. et ‘Scanned with CamScannera heck 14 “Perfoemonces of Sas Atagle— bik emer ‘Scanned with CamScannerJ GWG hy iw LY Dip opamp Patty Payers ’ ew that 2 bils 44 dota, ¥ Ye 4¢ Vo ‘i of jt ou Uanged sto bbb ort Q LL00CA4OSIL EE ( ‘ In Cact, Care + 1 LL ew af Io tm He olay Aint 24 thu evtn € We Parity Checker Coit Odd Hem On oven 1 Cartetny Muwhey OL ough Wu dale jins usu | Cvruvs pan ndhed Caw wal detect errevs amere HA feudal VuUrmrbev «tf bts Changed 44 Wwtn « Jour Dim emiionel Pow, heck A owete Crest oy Hy 2 dimension el Panty he + In Magy rmathed , a bhocte af bitsy Qrgami 304 ain a Fehle Cyews ana oll tims) Foy ee Coltalade Mu Pav bit Aw eacl, dah Aunt Then We OBarize Shem Pe a ; ' mal dole — 1 iff a aoe ¥ CAO irLrocle[OlcLeess|ololey ‘Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerchackéum » Section dum Sedian 2 chedesum ‘Scanned with CamScanner[the sendr_ oun sthure _aleps sk Te unit by divided tnto Section cacy, | of n-bits hil the sections axe addid using Ane’ tomplinnen! to get the dun A Thu dum 4s complimentad + become sy _ chickéum: *t Thi checksum is end with tv data, “fox 24.% chackaumn generator jee fourm i fbn, ale. an tha gendax sicls Th Recever follauss shire _shehs A Me unl! th dwided tnto fe sechions each of n- bib POM th seclians Ore adda wuing Anes compliment to qe the ind. AT tum 6 compt HS the requt ts Qeeepled i due?) Sef huse shy teliowing Ja do be send’ fendin using! a ie Ante 10104004 0014004 —————a 4o101004 Ooss1oos ‘J1100610 Eig) chick 4M 0D 44404 90444001 | ooo11404 yn hectiv 10.10 4004 OO111 001 ooo1ttor ti tidé id Bitte pide 44 complimed) °? 00000000 ae ‘Scanned with CamScannerQuid] do1o4112 11111001 b00¢4; — i j pot. i LidldoL a Dillor =e fh, @, 10lto1o0s i . ~ — 1 Complimant a | o1001010 y The weal in nol exo i \ 7-20 3+ fy Claconl 2 a ‘Scanned with CamScannerBost & Bef He. Recels CBR) 4 og @) + (apenas er et sZAPOt Ayeneag Peers Decks bik ; the Hu Pett Checks L£CRe. Fhe Chelesum 441 bo4ed Gn Ht Grrepl of vedundanc Pee mectioe; ¢ hab ee eho J wn bide Seeham 2 seation 2 mh Ueaaen [oh] cnesum FREE e ae Setion K . Sum [eo Campleme-t feeasl Sar Sum Wpra vata) 7] Cwrmplemes! eee ae Rout Cneokew chen The senten_ feos Pe Steps. is i A Ds 2 The uvil 4 divided Bote = Re secronae Cae | be! : « m ¢ AU sechors au added unre ones Cafe a a and becomes Hee checksum fH, ths dole te valevt = Subdiind ds Hu dota 40 bids: TREE segments 0 added wing Hey such WO that 4 He and offended bh fame ae ie oy vedunrd m4 an Hu Nees uted acy Scanned with CamScanner7 jam, ony a phe Steps. | The Keteluew folteser Tre Unt yg divide 2 6a ay bile ge c ona a “ul geciors OM added User aris do get inns pa thea 7) corde ze tp the rH ners. dala OM accepted Mey an vesected . Le Checksum chediew : : ceubeavide At dota Jumit 04 abaue aerflemerts Hoa yeu @ The yecewer adw all segments Gmd © Intad, Hie Jodal veloc and If te exlerded dala Lint find by addeng He lola 3 cpmerts amd Cedisem fits —thouid be 367% ap Hu vesult ipod 3a), poet (arden ek Qrd He veceivey yeyecls g Cee Excumbple: Suppose He fotleourat blocts of 1¢ bile 4 fo be ed buy @ Uheclyum 2 bils : d dot * 0, 2 OO ors oorii680fl. Toe 1 added Ubag Ores Cammplemnerd Oot — Scanned with CamScanner® bw ow SUbbuie Hu receiver vecd¥ An clove Charpe cy He fettern goosttotl << Seotcieet Ocisi6¢L Liten vecelvey veeeive, adds ye Hee accion oft ge all is, trick Ofer Carforrend¥79 ool 0, Gnd has Het Yhere is ne ewer loieic?e? i gosrr oot ) at Sum OOO rt ay thot He Sep TT TTT Pato 44 OF a poten + 00000 hw Subpore thee ce oes + bis. Lote iit th @issrsoos Goatsiot [item tan vereiver odds He 175% sediaed. ab geh ae Lois siaad way sr rioedt ‘Scanned with CamScanner| Nebhed of Addihien' > |\@o 1 O°: Fo 2 oes | Feeds O8 LF 1a B50 wring ot Goo tat} e “Peformance The chedstom ddech atl every Ainvalving, Qn odd number of by ay Well ay Mast every Scanned with CamScanner(A bit $5 aebsesented Jr thy ° Polynomial with co-efficient Co, only . “| fou CRC Code the sendor + vecelves | shauld agvee upon a genexatoy ont a) .clovision - Qn binowy division . dinclent’ Bitg called ck 4s_appendad . ‘Scanned with CamScanner Gyectle Redundancy chock (sewie — si a Tis 68 aye of bynonial cods In we fy moxe aa than! SOM £yror fan =i +f&) Os | Me resulted data unit offer adding CRO | Bemaindss becomes exachy diviable Dy j tat peedifined pint No Atl fBaferfon} Recéver SHel> Ab this sie, this data urtd | devide Sorne Binary No - tore 4s 0 exror Hi devision “does not fave ant Remaindey fens H Procedure _4o obtain CRC HK Devide tho data uit Ane digi ter oe obtain thu Remaindir St te fee | Reqwuiigernerta_of- cc a. | 9 Shauld fave exactly ano Less bit than divisor « { she Re to th end of thy a ult Sn te bit see q isible by ths dfvisor . } er ‘Scanned with CamScannerhe division > Screed an Ta semana obtained, aye ah dhvition Sy tn aha vemaindrr chee ADT an aig) Satta nT appended] —7-| Ht ron ce, Hen Aa eed dane fy This CRC will, weplace go get the 4s error free 4+ ense Should be accebled Coo ahs dato. unit Jn ak g FF | Buk a. 2e non-zero vemaindsr Indicates presence $9 wld be gecked. Received 20d. + Dake CRE Data 0.0) Data aT ere J | edastrrd Jo be dronumitted GA Shown in | of cm hen He toerpending.cotword. Divisoy |] (n+ bio (Remainder, | #} wemdindoy Jo 0 thin here Js n0 etnoy ‘Scanned with CamScannerPerformance of CRE cre 14 Very effective ce A A wa 0% Sige aig Chosen Accord dG do tha Pre ve lect OVE ah em Tevet abl Woorst evrer? Hrat Off i on ae Lengths Jess tham Cam defect ott bush erred of eRe @ ov equol Jo Hu degree of Ae &® cRe Com detect with & very High, probobitity ; qneaey Tha, palynomial ‘Scanned with CamScannereK Numeatent: (IMP) Liolesyo sy q FE xdrnbe’ iy ha frome IA ard Atmevatey wy etpyty Whol Guaid be Ya Avani itled fra. | Selulion: Pala Word o-i-a \ ‘ I a tl Generatey © Kt R-+4 > Sone = yp 0. 43-4 on? + OF RE Stepl: Append ov add Onc of 44 a Torsten oeesh ove 4 al —— Dalat Divides = Scanned with CamScanner\ cB Gomction vey Phe Techomiymy Hot we have diacusser Apdo his pau dekeck errors bulk de rat covet hom Ma 19 teverol ways - yy Execovecian (an be hom aver Correction Rebamsmision & Rrvwnd © a [Qeteee oe eee a gnendeg. oe Ty errer Covrechon by yebramsmisiGn , when On evroy By dycovertds Hu rece sen con Hove Hu Aende Jetransmik Ma ene dot pienit eee Ce eivey (am AME correc contain an Forwor Ey > Im ward Exrry Covvechi@n aveceve ie, which aulvmohicall ever - comectary code) 2 eyyers, cavverhs O01 enor hom Er eatechom Codes nd require Mer bus: pe ak Ye Cancept Under yams deleciore coved on Can be tng Ha Stmdlest Coser ‘Scanned with CamScanner | Ct Korwrnon Cnt era Curtion a | ayn he | aks ponible dro “es ee we. ‘tie Sophisticates roy = corvedy codes , however Or me Je yedendonege \lo tiett a feltes* wae he tan Sly O21 Whee ta Suffidert Ror Bris Level af deleaion Excrr}e: Hamme provides oO. prackcol 4oluh on Hamming Code Cr be apptied to He dota. Juntk of amy Lemgth amd Use Hu veloKanshif ito dott vedondomey bis LP F-bu AScra code Yeqnyts 4 yedumdomcy bids Thot Cam be added Fo He Ord a Hu date Amir ov Wilh Ha cnpinal dole bik Yese bs Ou placed 4% porihoms 12,4 £8 Forename wenger Ae thee bis os Ma Ya te ~Paihons of Redardomey, bib in Herm sig Code | mos ots « sk, Ri ad fa Ja fal} | 4 «fae By a) 8 Cardihons oar To Coldule Mu Number of Redundamey bi, 2/22 LY yequivea fo Correct a given Number of or ai dota. ily weloiatniy 2328 as atzic Yedundanc preaulbanng, Cade’ is whid, we Mut ‘Scanned with CamScannerE Le | Brwor _ correction ‘yy | Brox ¢ a Nee ¥ | Brrox Covsection 4 Refoanamission 2) ts & | Forward Esrox Coosechion ~>fHlaming’ Codd” eae eal SPB \ A ess Sty! 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