Unit-I Lecture-4

Today’s Target
 Operators
 Arithmetic
 Relational
 Logical
 Bitwise
 Assignment
 Conditional
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
“An operator in Java is a symbol or keyword used to perform operations on variables and
values.”

Example:
int a = 10, b = 5;
int sum = a + b; // '+' is an operator that adds two numbers
System.out.println(sum);
Types of Operators
 Arithmetic Operators
 Unary Arithmetic Operators
 Binary Arithmetic Operators
 Relational (Comparison) Operators
 Logical Operators
 Bitwise Operators
 Assignment Operators
 Conditional Operator (Ternary)
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Arithmetic Operators
These operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus.

Binary Arithmetic Operators: These operate on two operands.

Examples: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), and % (modulus for
remainder calculation).

Example
Operator Description Result
[int a=5,b=3;]
+ Addition a+b 8
- Subtraction a–b 2
* Multiplication a*b 15
/ Division (quotient) a/b 1
% Modulus (remainder) a%b 2
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Unary Arithmetic Operators: These operate on a single operand.
Examples: + (unary plus), - (unary minus), ++ (increment), -- (decrement).

Operator Description Example Result

Unary plus (no effect, used for
+ int a = +5; a=5
clarity)
- Unary minus (negates a value) int a = -5; a = -5
int a = 5;
++ Increment (increases value by 1) a=6
a++;
int a = 5;
-- Decrement (decreases value by 1) a=4
a--;
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Relational Operators
These operators compare two values and return a boolean result (true or false). They are
commonly used in decision-making.
Examples: == (equal to), != (not equal to), > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater than or
equal to), <= (less than or equal to).

Example
Operator Description Result
[int a=5, b=3;]
== Equal to a == b FALSE
!= Not equal to a != b TRUE
> Greater than a>b TRUE
< Less than a<b FALSE
>= Greater than or equal to a >= b TRUE
<= Less than or equal to a <= b FALSE
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Logical Operators
These operators are used to combine multiple boolean expressions and return a boolean
result. They are mainly used in conditional statements.
Examples: && (logical AND – returns true if both conditions are true), || (logical OR –
returns true if at least one condition is true), ! (logical NOT – reverses the boolean value).

Example
Operator Description [int a=5, b=3;] Result
[int c=3, d=1;]
Logical AND (both conditions
&& (a > b) && (c > d) TRUE
must be true)
Logical OR (at least one
|| (a < b) || (c > d) TRUE
condition must be true)
Logical NOT (reverses boolean
! !(a > b) FALSE
value)
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Bitwise Operators
These operators perform operations at the binary (bit) level, modifying individual bits in
an integer.
Examples: & (Bitwise AND), | (Bitwise OR), ^ (Bitwise XOR), ~ (Bitwise Complement),
<< (Left Shift), >> (Right Shift), and >>> (Unsigned Right Shift).

Example
Operator Description [int a=5, b=3;] Result
[int c=8, d=1;]
& Bitwise AND a & b (0101 & 0011) 1 (0001)
| Bitwise OR a | b (0101 | 0011) 7 (0111)
^ Bitwise XOR a ^ b (0101 ^ 0011) 6 (0110)
~ Bitwise Complement ~a (~0101) -6
<< Left shift (multiplies by 2) c << d 16
>> Right shift (divides by 2) c >> d 4
>>> Unsigned right shift -c >>> d 2147483644
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Assignment Operators
These operators assign values to variables and also provide shorthand expressions to
modify values.
Examples: = (simple assignment), += (addition with assignment), -= (subtraction with
assignment), *= (multiplication with assignment), /= (division with assignment), %= (modulus
with assignment).
Example
Operator Description Result
[int a;]
= Assign value a = 10; 10 (a = 10)
+= Add and assign a += 5; 15 (a = a + 5)
-= Subtract and assign a -= 3; 12 (a = a – 3)
*= Multiply and assign a *= 2; 24 (a = a * 2)
/= Divide and assign a /= 2; 12 (a = a / 2)
%= Modulus and assign a %= 2; 0 (a = a % 2)
 Object Oriented Programming with Java

Operators
Conditional Operator
This is a shorthand operator for if-else statements, allowing conditional expressions to be
evaluated in a single line.

Syntax: condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false

(If the condition is true, it returns value_if_true; otherwise, it returns value_if_false).

Example
Operator Description Result
[int a=5, b=4;]
?: Shorthand for if-else int min = (a < b) ? a : b; 4