[ Fun choas Review Solotnas

2223-7209

}. [Maximum mark: 5]

Line L, is tangent to the graph of a function / ( x ) at the point P(3, ~1). Line Z, is given by
the equation ) = ~ 3 - : and is perpendicular to Z,.

(@) Write down the gradient of L . (1]

(b) Find the equation of L, inthe form y = mx + c . [2]

(c) S h o w that Z, is not the line that is normal to J (x) at point P. [2]
 -
9 2223-7209

2 [Maximum mark: 5]

W h e n the brakes of a car are fully applied the car will continue to travel some distance before
it completely stops. This stopping distance, d, in metres is directly proportional to the square
of the speed of the car, v, in kilometres per hour (kmh??).

W h e na caris travelling at a speed of 50kmh?" it will travel 12.3m after the brakes a r e fully
applied before it completely stops.

(a)
.

Determine an equation for d in terms of v. 2

[2]

The police can use this equation to estimate if cars are exceeding the speed limit.

A c a r is found to have travelled 33 m , after fully applying its brakes, before it completely stopped.

(b) U s e your equation from part (a) to estimate the speed at which this car w a s travelling 21
before the brakes were applied.

(c) After the brakes have been fully applied, identify one other variable besides speed t h a t
could affect stopping distance.

w e ee e R e e m ee Dee ee e e mem m e w ere ee r e c e ee ee e e

L e e e e e e Re ORE R E E E E R O RH e e e e e e eee nee r e e r eee e u e e s

reese
MUNA
 228. #

3. [Maximum mark: 6)

Arectangular box, with an open top, is to be constructed from a piece of cardboard that
measures 48cm by 30cm.

Squares of equal size will be cut from the comers of the cardboard, as indicated by the
shading in the diagram. The sides will then be folded along the dotted lines to form the boy,

diagram n o t to scale

T h e v o l u m e o f t h e box, in c u b i c c e n t i m e t r e s , c a n b e m o d e l l e d b y t h e f u n c t i o n ;
V ( x ) = ( 4 8 ? 2 x ) ( 3 0 ? 2 x ) ( x ) , f o r 0 < x < k , w h e r e x is t h e l e n g t h o f t h e s i d e s o f t h e s q u a r e s
r e m o v e d in centimetres.

(a) Write down the maximum possible value of & in this context. /5 i)
(<,38%8)

(b) Find the value of x that maximizes the volume of the box. ? / = Cen (2l

A s e c o n d piece of 4 8 c m by 3 0 c m cardboard is d a m a g e d and a Strip 2 c m w i d e must be

r e m o v e d from all four sides. A box will then be constructed in a similar m a n n e r f r o m the
r e m a i n i n g cardboard.

(c) Calculate the maximum possible volume of the box made from the second piece
of cardboard. Vy (i

(This-question-continues-on-the-fetewing-page) 26

V6) = Cayertee w x )
(5.28,2720)
trex vans 292600! | e
- - 1 2 - 2223-7209

® 4) (Maximum mark: 7]

?Password entropy? is a measure of the predictability of a computer password. The higher the
entropy, the more difficult it is to guess the password.

The relationship between the password entropy, » , (measured in bits) a n d the n u m b e r of

guesses, G, required to decode the password is given by 0.301p = l o g , ) G .

{a) Calculate the value of p fora password that takes 5000 guesses to decode. (2}

(b) Write downGa s a function of p. (1)

(c) Find the number of guesses required to decode a password that has an entropy of 28
bits. Write your answer in the form a x 10', where 1 s a < 1 0 , k e Z . [3]

There is a point on the graph of the function G(p) with coordinates (0, 1).

(d) _ Expiain what these coordinate values mean in the context of computer passwords. {1]

0: 307 7 ) ee ee eee tee eee e

tee eneda
0 = GC
22.68
.70%/0

asusasen, P T ]
-
-44. 2223-7209

@9.5, [Maximum mark: 7] \

In a baseball game, Sakura is the batter standing beside home plate. Theball is thrown
towards home plate along a path that can be modelled by the following function

y = - 0 . 0 4 5 x + 2.

In this model, x is the horizontal distance of the ball from the point the ball is thrown and y is
the vertical height of the ball above the ground. Both measured in metres.

The outcome of the throw is called a strike if the height of the ball is between 0.53 m
and 1.24m at some point while it travels over home plate. The length of home plate is 0 . 4 3 m .

diagram not to scale

h o m e plate

0.43

W h e n the ball reaches the front of home plate, the height of the ball above the g r o u n d is
1.25 m. The height of the ball changes by a metres as the bail travels over the length o f
h o m e plate.
.
rize
(a) (@ __ F i n dt h e v a l ouf ae . 5 ~ Ooys ? < = ~0.095 a a X = 0 , 0 1 9 4
ii) Justify why this throw is a strike. ?
. .
(dusty why
1as-o.01ny 2 1 2 3 , 2355 b a l :
On the next throw, Sakura hits the ball towards a wall that is 5 metres high. The horizontal" aw 2
distance of the wall from the point where the ball was hit is 96 metres. The path of the ball :
after it is hit can be modelled by the function A(d).

h(d) =-0.01d? + 1 . +00.66,

4 for
d h, d>0
In this model, / is the height of the ball above the ground anddi s the horizontal distance of
the ball from the point where it was hit. Both A and d are measured in metres.

(b) Determine whether the ball will go over the wall. Justify your answer. 3]
(Fhis-question-continues-on-the-following-page) K (%) = O.01(ag) + h 0Y tx)+ 0.66
E34
t 4 Goes o v e r t i e & Toor w e l l

Bs NNO
 ~4- 2223-7219

& 6, [Maximum mark: 16]

Consider the function f(x) = 3x - 1

+ 4x". Part of the graph of y = f(x) is shown below.

The function is defined for all values of x except for x = a .

(a) | Write down the value of a. Qaz-O (1)

(b) Use your graphic display calculator to find the coordinates of the local minimum. (2)

(1.39, 5,42)
The equation f ( x ) = w , where w € R, has three solutions.

(c) Identify one possible value for w. Answers v a r 9 Aut (1)

Ww

75.42
T h e line y o m e - - is tangent to f ( x ) w h e n x = - 4 .

(d) Write d o w n w h e t h e r the value o f m is positive o r negative. Justify your answer. (2

(This q u e s t i o n continues o n the following page) ? 'S Pessbis q be caves

F G ) i inenennn at X ? ?4

Y
 ~§- 2223-7210

(Question 2 continued) i f

Asecond function is given by ¢(x) = Ap? - 9, where p > 0. The graph of y = g(x) intersects
the j-axis at point A(0, -5) and passes through point B(3, 4.5).

(e) Find the value of

) ok 5 s k-pr-4 = - 5 2 k - S9p Key

r t = (4)
O P S 2 4 p -9 = 1352 Mp oy Ship? = p p r l s

(f) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of y = g(x). y =-4 [2]

(g) Find the solution of / ( =x g(x)

) when x > 0 . [2]

C o n s i d e r a third function, h, where h ( x ) = / ( x ) + g ( x ) . The point C ( - 1 , q) lies o n the

graph of g ( x ) .

(h) State whether C also lies on the graph of ( x ) . Justify your answer. [2]

6 )

f(x)

3)

h) Does h l ) = g =>
2 AGN =FEN +g (+1)

?ern & Ht
re print Coles en AG)

g
 -6- 2223-7219

@ } , [Maximum mark: 15]

The depth of water, m metres, in a particular harbour can be mode lled by the
tes, after 06:00.
function w ( t ) = u c o s ( d r ' ) + d w h e r e ¢ is the length of time, in minu

On 20 January, the first high tide occurs at 06:00, at which time the d e of t h is 18m.
p water
The following low tide occurs at 12:15 when the depth of water is 4 m . This is shown in
the diagram.

0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480

(a) Find thev a l ouf ae. amplitude => as l t t eR

o a: i t : 7 {2}

(b) F i n d the v a louf de . primipe) & xls = ad: i = | . 2)

(c) Find the periodo f t h e function in minutes. 6 : 1 5 2 2 / 2 3 0 : J S D Miaste§ (3)

(2) Findthe e . 262 zed =p =

v a uofb 22. 360 _ 12 al
b ed? Fs0 > 35
N a o m i is sailing to the harbour on the morning of 20 January. Boats can enter o r leave the
h a r b o u r only w h e n the depth of water is at least 6 m .

(e) Find the latest time before 12:00, to the nearest minute, that Naomi can enter the harbour. [4]

(f) Find the length of time (in minutes) between 06:00 and 15:00 on 2 0 January during
w h i c h Naomi c a n n o t enter o r leave the harbour. [2]

¢) C O
r BW
O
mavtes S 1 0 2 4 2 AM

f) /
167,$ -281S x=
i? ravt
mS 7.5 Srmavtes ( 9 )
 -~5- 2222-7209

$ 3. [Maximum mark: 5]

The height of a baseball after it is hit by a bat is modelled by the function

A(t) = -4.87? +2174 1.2

where ( 1 ) is the height in metres above the ground and/ i s the time in seconds after the
ball was hit.

(a) Write down the height of the ball above the ground at the instant it is hit by the bat. [1]

(b) Find the value of ¢ when the ball hits the ground. (2)

(c) State a n appropriate domain for ¢ in this model. (2)

T e ee e e e ee e a e Pe B e
1 , 2 me we fn h
e
ee wg eee eee ee e e e eee eee ee e e e e e e e
q, The strength of earthquakes is m e a s u r e d on the Richter magnitude scale, with v a l u e s
typically b e t w e e n 0 and 8 where8 i s the most severe.

The G u t e n b e r g - R i c h t e r equation gives the a v e r a g e n u m b e r of e a r t h q u a k e s per year, N ,

w h i c h have a magnitude of at least A/. For a particular region the equation Is

log,N'=a?- M, for some aeR.

This region has an average of 100 earthquakes per year with a magnitude of at least 3.

(a) Find the value of a. [2]

The equation for this region can also be written as N= be

(b) Find the value of b. (2)

(c) Given 0 < M < 8 , find the range for N. (2]

The expected length of time, in years, between earthquakes with a magnitude of at

is

least ?7 is N°

Within this region the m o s t severe earthquake recorded had a magnitude of 7.2.

(d) Find the e x p e c t e d length of t i m e between this earthquake and the next e a r t h q u a k e o f
at least this magnitude. Give your answer to the nearest year. (2)

& UALR @ .
 ? 2 - 2222-7949

A n s w e r a l l q u e s t i o n s in the a n s w e r booklet provided. P l e a s e start e a c h question o n a n e w page,

Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be
Supported by working and/or explanations. Solutions found from a graphic display calculator shoul
be supported by suitable working. For example, if graphs are used to find a solution, you shouldSketch
these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct
method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show allworking.

10, [Maximum mark: 15]

Boris recorded the number of daylight hours on the first day of each month in a northern
hemisphere town.

This data was plotted onto a scatter diagram. The points were then joined by a smoothcurve,
with minimum point (0, 8) and maximum point (6, 16) as shown in the following diagram.

»
16

0 3 6 9 2 !
month of the year

Let the curve in the diagram be y = / ( ¢ ) , where i s the time, measured in months,
#

since Boris first recorded these values.

Boris thinks that / ( / ) might be modelled by a quadratic function.

(a) Write down one reason why a quadratic function would not be a good model for
the number of hours of daylight per day, across a number of years, "

(This q u e s t i o n continues on the following page)

a) A quadrate fore demhas ae ¢ Anges ts Concawty,

T H a l s o Ans « rege phat Joes to Cithan P o e ?ge

i)
 - 3 - 2222-7210

(Question 1 continued)

Paula thinks that a better model is ( 1 ) = acos(bt) + d , 1 2 0 , for specific values of

a, b and d.

(b) For Paula's model, use the diagram to write down

(i) the amplitude. 4

(i) theperiod. = 2

(iii) the equation of the principal axis. 4 212 [4]

(c) Hence or otherwise find the equation of this model in the form: [3]

S()=acos(bt) + d FA)= - Y cos ( 2 0 4 ) + 1 2

(d) For the first year of the model, find the length of time when there are more than
10 hours and 30 minutes of daylight per day. [4]

T h e true maximum number of daylight hours was 16 hours and 14 minutes.

(e) Calculate the percentage error in the maximum number of daylight hours Boris
recorded in the diagram. ;
a , oo [3]

9,73- 2.23
A 7 . 4 6 meatks

DUP 935

C) |bhs [¥min = ( h e s Yoni

[6hos [Yamin Fein

 921-7208

& |i, (Maximum mark: 7]

: of
The price of gas at Leon's gas station is $1.50 per litre. If a customer buys a minimum
10 litres, a discount of $5 is applied.

This can be modelled by the following function, L , which gives the total cost when buying
a m i n i m u m of 10 litres at Leon's gas station.

L ( x =) 1 . 5 -0 5x , x 210

where x is the number of litres of gas that a customer buys.

(a) Find the total cost of buying 40 litres of gas at Leon's gas station. (2)

(b) Find 27'(70). [2]

T h e price of gas at Erica's gas station is $1.30 per litre. A customer must buy a m i n i m u m
o f 10 litres of gas. The total cost at Erica?s gas station is cheaper than Leon?s gas station
when x > & .

(c) Find the minimum value of k. [3]

-
S c .

c)...EG0
= ©
1,3 0 %

v v .
 -9-

• /;., [Maximum marl(: 6}

. . prese nted
Professor \/1Je1 observed that students have difficulty remembering the informati. on
in his lectures.

He modelled the percentage of information retained, R, by the function R(t) = I 00e

-,,, ' 12:0,
where t is the number of days after the lecture.
n ted.
He found that \ day after a lecture, students had forgotten 50% of the information prese

(a) Find the value of p.

(2)
(b) Use this model to find the percentage of information retained by his students 36 hours
after Professor Wei's lecture. [2]

Based on his model, Professor Wei believes that his students will always retain some
infonnation from his lecture.
:- State a mathematical reason why Professor Wei might believe this. [1]
(c)

( d) Write down one possible limitation of the domain of the model. [1]

. .. ... ..... ..... . ...... f--� .............. ...............,........ ' .........

.•· -�J .. .P.·. ?. _:_ e ..... -� ... , 5 -�.. -�
,
•:
,•
50 J �.Q. . 50 .IP.Q. -�. -�. -� -� ��- � .693 /J. �-�.} ()
'5 J•I S ...........................................
......... . ...........-0.693(1.5)
..
.
J). . P. �.;).=:. /�o. .'!�..-................................'.'..... ' .... .....
$. 3 . . 1b ....
. ........... �- .)...35.4 ..........................................
,) : iii�:: :t,:; �:i.:. �:: ��: :�;. �:;;; i,i.: �: :�-. �: ��-- :�:;.;�i.)�: ·. ·. ·.::::
...... ... -� �.O..... ...................... ..................... ....... .. .

:- :d):: D :�,; :;.�:: i:G:;:: Rl�).: ?;: : t. t.:�:ii�: :.)i�:�.;��·.ii·_;_;·. i.,:��::: ·.

...... .�Ff�,:.. /t., f111.c. . .tA�J.. . t.?. D ...............................
. .
. .. .. ... .. . ....... ....... ... ... . ....... ........ . .. . . ..... . ............. .

..

.
·.·
rT -14~ 2221-7209

7 / 3 , [Maximum mark: 6]

If a shark is spotted near to Brighton beach, a lifeguard will activate a siren to warn swimmers.

Siren
Awe
[ o m : ~~
. o ?

The sound intensity, / , of the siren varies inversely with the square of the distance, d, from
the siren, where d > 0 .

it is k n o w n t h a t at a distance o f 1.5 metres from the siren, the sound intensity is 4 w a t t s p e r

square metre (Wm??). r x = 4: x => f e ¥Cuss)?s

4
(a) Showthat I = . T e 3 [2]

(b) S k e t c h t h e c u r v e of J on the axes below showing clearly the point (1.5, 4). (2)
[? _5- 8822-7204

e I } , (Maximum mark: 5)

DeVaughn throws a javelin in @

school track and field competition.

T h e height, A, of the front ti

P Of the javelin above the ground, in metres, is modelled by the
following quadratic function

- W =( - 3t. 6 7) + 10.874 1.8, 7 2 0

where 1 is the time in seconds after the javelin is thrown.

(a) Write down the height of the front tip of the javelin at the time it is thrown.
(1)

(b) Find the value of + when the front tip of the javelin reaches its maximum height. (2)

(c) Find the value of + w h e n the f r o n t tip of the j a v e l i n s t r i k e s t h e g r o u n d . [2)

 -7- 8822-7204\

[ M a x i m u m mark: 6]

Celeste heated a cup of coffee and then let it cool to room temperature.Celeste found the
Coffee's temperature, 7, measured in °C, could be modelled by the following function,

T(t) = 7 1 6 ° 4 2 3 , 7 2 0 ,

where 7 is the time, in minutes, after the coffee started to cool.

(a) Find the coffee?s temperature 16 minutes after it started to cool. (2]

The graph of Thas a horizontal asymptote.

(b) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote. (1}

(¢) Write d o w n the room temperature. (1

(d) Given that 7 ' ( 5 0 ) = &, find the value of k. [2]

a n o s ale) w y e e
 - 1 3 ?
8822-72
>.

[ M a x i m u m m a r k : 6}

?
i f 1.
Stars are classified by their brightness. The brightest stars in the hy na e a e ative
The magnitude, m1, of another star can be modelled as a function of its brig 1%,
to a star of magnitude 1, as shown by the following equation.

m = 1?2.5 log,(5)

The star called Acubens hasa brightness of 0.0525.

(a) Find the magnitude of Acubens. [2]

Ceres has a magnitude of 7 and is the least bright star visible without magnification.

(b) Find the brightness of Ceres. [2]

(c) Find how many times brighter Acubens is compared to Ceres. [2)

ph ?

b e n & FO0021%.

0.0525

13.2

0 Co ment © pemucnnt em Ot
 - 16- 8822-7204

1?- [Maximum mark: 6]

A cat runs inside a circular exercise wheel, making the wheel spin at a constant rate in an
anticlockwise direction. The height, Acm, of a fixed point, P, on the wheel can be modelled
by A(t) = asin(br) + c where ¢ is the time in seconds and a, 5, ceR?.

When 7= 0, point P is at a height of 78cm.

(1)
(a) Write down the value of c. 7 g

When f = 4, point P first reaches its maximum height of 1 4 3 m .

(b) Find the value of

(i) a. 1 4 3 - 7 8 >¢€5§
[3}
(i) 5. Perivd = = s e 2/6 ,. 4 5 2 2 . 5

(c) Write down the minimum height of p o i n t . 2 R - f $ < | 3 [1]

Later, t h e c a t is tired, a n d it t a k e s twice as long f o r p o i n t P to c o m p l e t e o n e r e v o l u t i o n at

a n e w c o n s t a n t rate.

(d) Write down t h e newvalue o f b. p a r s e => 32 vs A = 14425 (1)