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Structure

C++ structures (structs) allow grouping of related variables of different data types into a single entity. Structures can be declared with the 'struct' keyword and accessed using dot syntax, enabling the creation of multiple variables from the same structure. Named structures can be treated as data types, allowing for the declaration of variables using the structure name throughout the program.

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3 views3 pages

Structure

C++ structures (structs) allow grouping of related variables of different data types into a single entity. Structures can be declared with the 'struct' keyword and accessed using dot syntax, enabling the creation of multiple variables from the same structure. Named structures can be treated as data types, allowing for the declaration of variables using the structure name throughout the program.

Uploaded by

Minakshi Gite
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ Structures

Structures (also called structs) are a way to group several related variables into
one place. Each variable in the structure is known as a member of the
structure.Unlike an array, a structure can contain many different data types (int,
string, bool, etc.).
Create a Structure: To create a structure, use the struct keyword and declare
each of its members inside curly braces. After the declaration, specify the name
of the structure variable (myStructure in the example below):
struct { // Structure declaration
int myNum; // Member (int variable)
string myString; // Member (string variable)
} myStructure; // Structure variable
Access Structure Members

To access members of a structure, use the dot syntax (.):

Assign data to members of a structure and print it:

// Create a structure variable called myStructure


struct {
int myNum;
string myString;
} myStructure;

// Assign values to members of myStructure


myStructure.myNum = 1;
myStructure.myString = "Hello World!";

// Print members of myStructure


cout << myStructure.myNum << "\n";
cout << myStructure.myString << "\n";
One Structure in Multiple Variables You can use a comma (,) to use one
structure in many variables:
struct {
int myNum;
string myString;
} myStruct1, myStruct2, myStruct3; // Multiple structure variables separated
with commas

This example shows how to use a structure in two different variables:

Use one structure to represent two cars:

struct {
string brand;
string model;
int year;
} myCar1, myCar2; // We can add variables by separating them with a comma
here
// Put data into the first structure
myCar1.brand = "BMW";
myCar1.model = "X5";
myCar1.year = 1999;

// Put data into the second structure


myCar2.brand = "Ford";
myCar2.model = "Mustang";
myCar2.year = 1969;

// Print the structure members


cout << myCar1.brand << " " << myCar1.model << " " << myCar1.year << "\
n";
cout << myCar2.brand << " " << myCar2.model << " " << myCar2.year << "\
n";
Named Structures

By giving a name to the structure, you can treat it as a data type. This means
that you can create variables with this structure anywhere in the program at any
time.

To create a named structure, put the name of the structure right after
the struct keyword:

struct myDataType { // This structure is named "myDataType"


int myNum;
string myString;
};

To declare a variable that uses the structure, use the name of the structure as
the data type of the variable:

myDataType myVar;

Use one structure to represent two cars:

// Declare a structure named "car"


struct car {
string brand;
string model;
int year;
};
int main() {
// Create a car structure and store it in myCar1;
car myCar1;
myCar1.brand = "BMW";
myCar1.model = "X5";
myCar1.year = 1999;
// Create another car structure and store it in myCar2;
car myCar2;
myCar2.brand = "Ford";
myCar2.model = "Mustang";
myCar2.year = 1969; // Print the structure members
cout << myCar1.brand << " " << myCar1.model << " " << myCar1.year << "\
n";
cout << myCar2.brand << " " << myCar2.model << " " << myCar2.year << "\
n"; return 0;
}

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