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GENBN401 - Basics of Networking-Summary

The document outlines the basics of networking, including network concepts, technologies, and the importance of network media connectivity. It covers IP address classification, subnetting, device configuration, and maintenance procedures, emphasizing preventive and corrective maintenance. Additionally, it provides exam preparation tips for mastering networking topics and troubleshooting techniques.

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21 views6 pages

GENBN401 - Basics of Networking-Summary

The document outlines the basics of networking, including network concepts, technologies, and the importance of network media connectivity. It covers IP address classification, subnetting, device configuration, and maintenance procedures, emphasizing preventive and corrective maintenance. Additionally, it provides exam preparation tips for mastering networking topics and troubleshooting techniques.

Uploaded by

hiti protogene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENBN401_Basics of Networking

Learning Outcome 1: Establish Network Media Connectivity

1.1 Identification of Network Requirements

 Network Concepts:
 A network is a system of interconnected devices (computers, printers, etc.) that
share resources.
 Networks are classified based on size (LAN, WAN, PAN), purpose (data sharing,
communication), and architecture (client-server, peer-to-peer).
 Benefits of Networks: Communication, resource sharing, centralized data
management, cost efficiency.
 Disadvantages: Security risks, complexity, maintenance costs, bandwidth
limitations.
 Applications: Telecommunications, healthcare, education, financial services,
entertainment.

 Network Technologies:
 Topologies: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, Tree.
 Components: End devices (computers, printers), networking hardware (routers,
switches), infrastructure (cables, connectors), and software (protocols like
TCP/IP).

 Tools, Materials, and Equipment:


 Tools: Crimping tools, cable testers, drills.
 Materials: Cables (twisted pair, fiber-optic), connectors (RJ45), trunking
materials (plastic, metal).
 Equipment: Routers, switches, firewalls, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply).

1.2 Termination of Network Cables

 Cable Installation Types:


 Open-wire, aerial, underground, underwater, built-in, and semi-built-in.

 Cable Trunking:
 Trunking organizes and protects cables. Materials include plastic, wood, and
stainless steel.
 Importance: Organization, protection, safety, and ease of maintenance.

 Cable Termination:
 Attaching connectors to cables (e.g., RJ45 for Ethernet cables).
 Types of cables: Twisted pair, fiber-optic, coaxial.

1.3 Connection of Network Media

 Labelling, Patching, and Tagging:


 Labelling: Assigning identifiable names to cables, devices, and ports for easy
management.
 Patching: Physically connecting devices using cables (e.g., connecting a
computer to a switch).
 Tagging: Adding metadata to network packets for traffic management (e.g.,
VLAN tagging).

 Network Design:
 Creating a detailed plan for the physical and logical layout of the network.
 Ensures efficient and secure network operation.

Learning Outcome 2: Perform Basic Network Configuration

2.1 Classification of IP Addresses

 IP Address Basics:
 An IP address is a unique identifier for devices on a network.
 Types: Private (used within a network), Public (used on the internet), Static
(fixed), Dynamic (assigned by DHCP), Automatic (APIPA).
 Versions: IPv4 (32-bit) and IPv6 (128-bit).
 Classes: Class A (large networks), Class B (medium networks), Class C (small
networks), Class D (multicast), Class E (reserved).

2.2 Calculation of IP Address Subnet Masks

 Subnetting:
 Dividing a network into smaller subnets to improve efficiency and security.
 Subnet Mask: Determines the network and host portions of an IP address (e.g.,
255.255.255.0).
 Types: Fixed-Length Subnet Mask (FLSM) and Variable-Length Subnet Mask
(VLSM).
 Binary System: Used to calculate subnet masks and network addresses.
 Logical Operators: AND (to find network address), OR (to find broadcast
address).

2.3 Assigning IP Addresses

 Static IP Assignment:
 Manually assigning a fixed IP address to a device.
 Used for servers, printers, and network devices.

 Dynamic IP Assignment:
 Automatically assigning IP addresses using DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol).
 Used for client devices like computers and phones.

 Automatic IP Assignment:
 Devices assign themselves an IP address (e.g., APIPA) when DHCP is
unavailable.
2.4 Configuration of Basic Network Devices

 Device Configuration Modes:


 User EXEC, Privileged EXEC, Global Configuration, Interface Configuration,
etc.

 Key Configurations:
 Hostname: Assigning a unique name to a device (e.g., Router1).
 Banner Message: Displaying a message when users log in (e.g., "Unauthorized
access prohibited").
 Passwords: Securing access to devices (console, enable, VTY passwords).
 Saving Configurations: Using commands like write memory or copy running-
config startup-config.
 Reloading Devices: Restarting devices to apply configurations.

2.5 Testing Network Interconnection

 Physical Testing:
 Checking cables, connectors, and hardware for faults.

 Unit Testing:
o Testing individual devices (e.g., routers, switches) to ensure they function
correctly.
 Integration Testing:
 Testing the entire network to ensure all devices communicate effectively.

Learning Outcome 3: Maintain Network System

3.1 Perform Preventive Maintenance

 Hardware Maintenance:
 Regular cleaning of devices (dust removal, port cleaning).
 Checking environmental conditions (temperature, humidity).
 Software Maintenance:
 Updating firmware and software (e.g., security patches).
 Changing network device credentials regularly.
 Monitoring network performance using tools.

3.2 Perform Corrective Maintenance

 Troubleshooting Common Issues:


 Slow Network: Caused by high traffic, faulty hardware, or misconfigurations.
 Connectivity Issues: Caused by IP conflicts, cable faults, or device failures.
 Security Breaches: Caused by weak passwords or outdated software.

 Steps for Corrective Maintenance:


 Identify the issue, plan a solution, repair or replace faulty components, test the
network, and document the process.

3.3 Troubleshooting Network

 Troubleshooting Process:
1. Identify the problem.
2. Define the scope of the issue.
3. Establish a theory of probable cause.
4. Test the theory and implement a solution.
5. Verify the solution and document the process.
 Common Problems:
 Hardware failures (e.g., faulty cables, switches).
 Software issues (e.g., outdated firmware, misconfigurations).
 Connectivity problems (e.g., IP conflicts, DNS issues).

3.4 Elaboration of Maintenance Report

 Purpose of Maintenance Reports:


 Documenting maintenance activities, issues, and solutions.
 Providing a record for future reference and accountability.

 Key Elements of a Maintenance Report:


 Client information.
 Status before and after maintenance.
 Steps taken to resolve issues.
 Recommendations for future maintenance.

Key Exam Preparation Tips

1. Understand Network Topologies: Be able to differentiate between Star, Bus, Ring,


Mesh, and Tree topologies.
2. Master IP Addressing and Subnetting: Practice calculating subnet masks and dividing
IP address ranges.
3. Practice Device Configuration: Use tools like Cisco Packet Tracer to configure routers,
switches, and IP addresses.
4. Learn Troubleshooting Steps: Be familiar with the systematic approach to identifying
and resolving network issues.
5. Review Maintenance Procedures: Understand both preventive and corrective
maintenance tasks.
6. Documentation Skills: Practice writing maintenance reports, including client
information, issues, solutions, and recommendations.

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