Karman

An Independent Project
submitted to

Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical

University
Bhilai (C.G.), India
In partial fulfillment
For the award of the Degree
of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Artificial Intelligence
by
Bhumika Chandrakar Siddhant Tripathi
Enrollment No: CB4588 Enrollment No: CB4649
University Roll No.:300012721013 UniversityRollNo.:300012721064

Under the Guidance of

Ms. Madhuri Gupta
Assistant Professor
BTech (Hons) CSE (AI)
UTD, CSVTU
Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
Session: 2022 - 23
 i

Declaration by the Team

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the thesis work entitled “Karman”, is
based on my own work carried out during the course of my study under the supervision of
Ms. Madhuri Gupta.
I assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the
project work. I further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief that the report
does not contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any other
degree/diploma/certificate in this University/deemed University of India or any other
country. All helps received and citations used for the preparation of the thesis have been
duly acknowledged.

Bhumika Chandrakar Siddhant Tripathi

Roll No.:300012721013 Roll No.:300012721064
Enrollment No.: CB4588 Enrollment No.: CB4649

Ms. Madhuri Gupta

Assistant Professor
BTech (Hons) CSE (AI)
University Teaching Department, Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University,
Newai, Bhilai (CG)
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Certificate of the Supervisor

This is to certify that the report of the thesis entitled “Karman”, is a record of bonafide
research work carried out by Bhumika Chandrakar, bearing Roll No.:300012721013 and
Enrollment No.: CB4588 and, Siddhant Tripathi, bearing Roll No.:300012721064 Enrollment
No.: CB4649 under my guidance and supervision for the award of Bachelor of
Technology in the faculty of, of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand
Technical University, Bhilai (C.G.), India. To the best of my knowledge and belief the thesis
 Embodies the work of the candidate him/herself,
 Has duly been completed,
 Fulfils the requirement of the ordinance relating to the BTech degree of the
University and is up to the desired standard both in respect of contents and language for
being referred to the examiners.

Ms. Madhuri Gupta

Assistant Professor
BTech (Hons) CSE (AI)
University Teaching Department, CSVTU, Bhilai
Forwarded to Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University, Bhilai

Dr. P.K. Ghosh (Director)

 iii

Certificate by the Examiners

The Thesis entitled “Karman”, submitted by Bhumika Chandrakar (Roll No.:
300012721013, Enrollment No.: CB4588) and Siddhant Tripathi (Roll No.: 300012721064,
Enrollment No.: CB4649) has been examined by the undersigned as a part of the examination
and is hereby recommended for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in the
faculty of Ms. Madhuri Gupta of Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University,
Bhilai.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:
 iv

Acknowledgment
We would like to express our profound gratitude to Madhuri Gupta (Assistant Professor), and
Dr. P K Ghosh (Director of University) for their contributions to the completion of our
project titled “Karman”.

We would like to express our special thanks to our mentor Mrs. Bharti Patel for her time and
efforts she provided throughout the semester. Your useful advice and suggestions were
helpful to us during the project’s completion. In this aspect, we are eternally grateful to you.

We would like to acknowledge that this project was completed entirely by us and not by
someone else.

Bhumika Chandrakar Siddhant Tripathi

Roll No.: 300012721013 Roll No.: 300012721064
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Table of Contents
Declaration by the Candidate .....................................................................................................i
Certificate of the Supervisor .....................................................................................................ii
Certificate by the Examiners ....................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgment .....................................................................................................................iv
Chapter-1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................1
Chapter – 2 Literature Review or Background Information: ....................................................4
Chapter -3 Methodology or Materials and Methods .................................................................9
Chapter – 4 Results & Discussions .........................................................................................17
Chapter – 5 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................21
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................vi
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Chapter-1 Introduction
Organic farming and conventional farming are two vastly different methods of
agriculture. Organic farming is a more traditional approach that focuses on
producing crops without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, or genetically
modified organisms (GMOs). Conventional farming, on the other hand, is a
modern approach that uses synthetic chemicals and GMOs to increase yields.

One of the main advantages of organic farming is that it is more environmentally

friendly. Since it does not use synthetic chemicals, organic farming is less likely
to cause soil erosion, water pollution, and other environmental problems.
Additionally, organic farming practices typically promote biodiversity, which can
help to support a healthier ecosystem.

Organic farming is also healthier for consumers. Since organic produce is not
treated with synthetic pesticides, it is less likely to contain harmful chemicals that
can be harmful to human health. Additionally, organic farming often involves the
use of more sustainable and humane practices, such as crop rotation and the use
of natural fertilizers.

While organic farming does have its advantages, it is often less productive than
conventional farming, which can make it more expensive. However, as more
consumers become interested in organic produce, the demand for organic farming
is likely to increase, which could help to make it more accessible and affordable
in the future. Overall, organic farming is a more sustainable and environmentally
friendly approach to agriculture that offers numerous benefits to both farmers and
consumers.
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Fig. 1.1 Chart on different factors of organic and conventional farming.

Organic Farming is a production management system that largely promotes the

use of organic materials or on-farm resources such as crop residue and animal
manure. It discourages the use of synthetic off-farm inputs like fertilizers and
pesticides.

The government through its flagship scheme ‘Parampragat Krishi Vikas Yojana’,
is promoting organic farming. It provides for a cluster-based approach, whereby
farmers are encouraged to adopt eco-friendly concepts of cultivation and use
vermicompost. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture also seeks to
transform Indian agriculture into climate-resilient system. Organic farming is also
implicit in Sustainable Development Goal 12- Responsible consumption and
production.

During the pandemic phase agriculture came up into progress at a very large
scale. People also started noticing and exploring the organic side of the
agriculture sector. While exploring people understood that organic farming isn’t a
piece of cake until you have proper knowledge about it. So, while analyzing this
problem our project idea KARMAN came into existence. ‘Karman’ means
farming in Sanskrit.

Karman is basically a guide and a manual for the farmers and people who are new
to organic farming. It will help them to understand and learn new ways and
techniques in the field of farming. From soil energy testing to know the soil
fertility to the harvesting season and selling of the produce in the market.

Our aim behind this idea was to pass on the knowledge of organic farming to the
coming generation of farmers and the people who genuinely want to learn and
practice the same. With the help of advance technology, we want to make our
roots more stable than before and we hope this project might help out and reach
our goal successfully.

We hope this might also help us out to bring our farmers back to the track who
left and migrated not only from the farming sector but also their homes to earn a
healthy living and change the perspective of the people who think that agriculture
is not at all respectful and worthy for living a healthy lifestyle.

This will not only help to raise the bar of the agriculture sector but also the
production and make India more independent and developed in the farming sector
than ever before.
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Chapter – 2 Literature Review

Karman is a fresh idea that popped up in our head so there’s no other project
going on over such an idea. Their exist websites which offer information on
organic farming but Karman maybe the first open source, user friendly manual
which will provide the necessary information to the user in a detailed manner.

There are various organizations and associations in India who are working on the
promotion and to spread the knowledge of organic farming. Few of them are
International Competence Centre for Organic Agriculture (ICCOA-
www.iccoa.org), Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI- www.ofai.org),
Indian Organic Certification Agency (INDOCERT- www.indocert.org), National
Centre for Organic and Natural Farming (www.ncof.dacnet.nic.in) and many
more.

The Organic Farming Association of India (OFAI) was set up by the senior most
members of India’s organic farming community in the year 2002. The association
was primarily set up to promote organic farming, lobby with government
agencies and departments to pay more attention to sustainable agriculture and
assist farmers using chemicals and pesticides to convert successfully to organic
farming methods.

The INDOCERT is India’s first indigenous certification body, operating

nationally and internationally with thousands of operators int the certification
system. INDPCERT was incorporated in October 2001 as a non-profit
membership organization by NGOs and farmer producer associations. Our
operators include primary producers, processors, traders and exporters to retailers
and wholesalers.

The National Centre for Organic and Natural Farming is a nodal organization for
promotion of organic farming under INM Division, Department of Agriculture &
Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of

India under Soil Health Management component of National Mission on

Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). NCOF came into force in 2004, for
implementing National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) along with its
regional centres.

The world is currently facing numerous challenges related to food production and
consumption, including soil degradation, climate change, and food insecurity.
Organic farming is an agricultural practice that has gained increasing attention in
recent years due to its potential to address these challenges. In this literature
review, we examine the current state of knowledge on organic farming and
explore the potential impact of a new and unique project that aims to create a
comprehensive manual on organic farming.
 Fig. 2.1 Countries with the most organic agricultural land (2009)

Organic farming is a system of agriculture that emphasizes the use of natural

inputs and techniques to maintain soil fertility, prevent pest and disease
outbreaks, and produce healthy crops and livestock. Organic farming is
considered to be a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to
conventional farming,

which relies heavily on synthetic inputs and often leads to soil degradation, water
pollution, and biodiversity loss.

Numerous studies have shown that organic farming can have a range of
environmental and social benefits. For example, organic farming can improve soil
quality, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase biodiversity, and improve the
health and wellbeing of farmers and consumers. Organic farming can also
contribute to food security by providing nutritious and healthy food to
communities, reducing dependence on imported food, and increasing local food
production.
Despite the potential benefits of organic farming, there are still many challenges
and barriers to its adoption. These include the lack of knowledge and skills
among farmers, the high cost of organic inputs, the limited availability of markets
for organic produce, and the perception that organic farming is less productive
and profitable than conventional farming.

Fig. 2.2 Current Growth Rate and Growth in Next Five Years of Organic Farming in India (in
Percentage)

To address these challenges, a new and unique project has been proposed to
create a comprehensive manual on organic farming. This manual will provide
farmers with practical and actionable information on how to implement organic
farming

practices, including soil management, crop rotation, pest and disease control, and
livestock management. The manual will also provide information on how to
market organic produce and connect with local communities and markets.

The creation of this manual is a significant contribution to the field of organic

farming, as it will provide a much-needed resource for farmers who are interested
in adopting organic farming practices but may lack the knowledge and skills to do
so. By providing practical and actionable information on organic farming, the
manual has the potential to increase the adoption of organic farming practices and
contribute to a more sustainable and resilient food system.

Fig. 2.3 Growth Projections of Organic Products in the Domestic Market and the Export Market in the
Next 5 Years (in Percentage)

In conclusion, organic farming has the potential to address many of the

challenges facing the world today, including soil degradation, climate change,
and food insecurity. The creation of a comprehensive manual on organic farming
is a new and unique project that has the potential to increase the adoption of
organic farming practices and contribute to a more sustainable and resilient food
system. This manual has the potential to make a significant impact on the field of
organic

farming and should be supported and promoted as a valuable resource for farmers
and communities around the world.
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Chapter -3 Methodology
 Visual Studio Code (VS Code)
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a free, open-source integrated development
environment (IDE) developed by Microsoft for building and debugging
applications. It is widely used by developers across different platforms, including
Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Visual Studio uses Microsoft software development platforms such as Windows

API, Windows Forms, Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows
Store and Microsoft Silverlight. It can produce both native code and managed
code.

One of the key features of VS Code is its versatility. It supports a wide range of
programming languages, including C++, Java, Python, JavaScript, and many
more. Additionally, it also supports various file formats and extensions, making it
highly customizable to suit the needs of different developers.

Another key feature of VS Code is its rich set of extensions. These extensions are
developed by the community and can be easily installed to extend the
functionality of the IDE. These extensions can provide additional features such as
debugging support, code formatting, and linting, among others.

VS Code also has an integrated terminal, which allows developers to execute

commands and run scripts without leaving the IDE. This makes it easier to
manage the development environment and streamline workflows.
 10

Furthermore, VS Code has built-in Git support, which allows developers to

manage version control and collaborate with other developers more efficiently.
The IDE provides an interface for Git commands and allows users to visualize
changes and commit them to the repository.

Another advantage of VS Code is its lightweight design. It has a small memory

footprint and starts up quickly, making it an ideal choice for developers who work
on multiple projects simultaneously or need to switch between different
development environments frequently.

In summary, Visual Studio Code is a highly versatile and customizable IDE that
supports a wide range of programming languages and file formats. Its rich set of
extensions, integrated terminal, built-in Git support, and lightweight design make
it a popular choice among developers.

Fig. 3.1 View from VS Code workspace

 HTML
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is a markup language used to
create web pages and other online content. HTML consists of a set of tags and
attributes that are used to define the structure and content of a web page. Web
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browsers use HTML to display text, images, videos, and other types of content on
the internet.

HTML documents are written in plain text format and can be edited with any text
editor. To view an HTML document, it must be opened in a web browser. HTML
documents typically have a .html or .htm file extension.

HTML is the foundation of the web and is often used in conjunction with other
web technologies such as CSS and JavaScript to create interactive and dynamic
web pages. With HTML, web developers can create websites, web applications,
and other types of online content that can be accessed from anywhere in the
world.

Fig. 3.2 HTML boiler plate

 CSS
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to style and layout web pages. It
is used to define the visual appearance of HTML elements, including fonts,
colors, layouts, and more. With CSS, you can separate the presentation of a web
page from its content, which makes it easier to maintain and update the design of
a website.
 12

CSS works by selecting HTML elements and applying styling rules to them.
These rules can be applied in various ways, including using inline styles, internal
stylesheets, or external stylesheets. CSS selectors allow you to target specific
elements based on their attributes, such as their class, ID, or tag name.

Some common CSS properties include:

font-family: sets the font type for text

color: sets the color of text

background-color: sets the background color of an element

margin: sets the margin around an element

padding: sets the padding inside an element

border: sets the border around an element

width: sets the width of an element

height: sets the height of an element

display: sets how an element is displayed (e.g., block, inline, flex)

CSS is an essential tool for web developers and designers, as it allows them to
create visually appealing and responsive web pages.

 Python
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language that was first released
in 1991 by Guido van Rossum. It has gained popularity in recent years because of
its simplicity, readability, and versatility. Python is used for a wide range of
applications, including web development, scientific computing, data analysis,
artificial intelligence, and more.
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Here are some key features of Python:

Easy to learn: Python has a simple syntax and minimal setup, making it easy to
learn for beginners.

Interpreted language: Python code is executed line by line, making it easier to test
and debug.

Dynamic typing: Python variables are dynamically typed, meaning they can hold
different types of data at different times.

High-level language: Python provides abstracted programming constructs, which

makes coding faster and easier.

Large standard library: Python has a vast library of pre-built modules and
functions, making it easier to perform tasks such as data manipulation, web
development, and more.

Some popular Python libraries include:

NumPy: for scientific computing and data analysis

Pandas: for data manipulation and analysis

Matplotlib: for data visualization

Django: for web development

Flask: for creating web applications

14

TensorFlow: for machine learning and deep learning

Python is widely used in the tech industry and is a popular language for data
science and machine learning. Its flexibility and versatility make it a popular
choice for developers, and it has a thriving community of contributors who
continue to develop new libraries and tools.

Fig. 3.3 Python code view

Python has several popular modules that are commonly used in web development.
Some of the most commonly used modules include:

Flask: Flask is a micro web framework that is lightweight and easy to use. It
allows developers to build web applications quickly and efficiently.
 15

Django: Django is a high-level Python web framework that provides a complete

set of tools for building web applications. It includes an ORM, a template engine,
and an admin interface.

Pyramid: Pyramid is a general-purpose web framework that is designed for

flexibility and ease of use. It is often used to build large, complex web
applications.

CherryPy: CherryPy is a minimalist Python web framework that is designed for

speed and simplicity. It can be used to build small to medium-sized web
applications.

Bottle: Bottle is a fast and simple web framework that is designed for building
small web applications. It has a minimalistic approach and is easy to learn.

Tornado: Tornado is a web framework and asynchronous networking library that

is designed for high performance and scalability. It is often used to build real-time
web applications.

SQLAlchemy: SQLAlchemy is a popular Python SQL toolkit and ORM that is

used to connect Python applications to SQL databases. It provides a high-level
API for working with SQL databases.

These are just a few of the many Python modules that are commonly used in web
development. The choice of module depends on the specific requirements of the
project and the developer's preferences.
 16

Fig. 3.4 Python modules generally used in web development.

 Database
A database is a collection of organized data that can be easily accessed, managed,
and updated. It is a structured set of data that is typically stored electronically in a
computer system. Databases are used to store information in a way that allows it
to be easily retrieved and analyzed.

Databases are used in many different applications, including business, finance,

healthcare, education, and more. They are used to manage and store large
amounts of data, such as customer information, financial transactions, inventory
records, and much more.

Databases can be relational or non-relational. Relational databases store data in

tables that are linked to one another through relationships, while non-relational
databases store data in a more flexible, document-like structure. There are many
different database management systems (DBMS) that can be used to create and
manage databases, including MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, MongoDB, and many
more.
 17

Chapter – 4 Results
There were are many runtime errors while working on this, resolving them and
accommodating as per available resources and time results into our application
whose snaps are following:

Fig. 4.1 Karman workspace (home.html)

 Fig. 4.2 Karman workspace (categories.html)

18

Fig. 4.3 Karman – Home page (picture 1)

 Fig. 4.4 Karman – Home page (picture 2)

19

Fig. 4.5 Karman – Categories page (picture 1)

Fig 4.6 Karman – Categories page (picture 2)

20

Fig. 4.7 Karman – Profile page

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Chapter – 5 Conclusion
In conclusion, the manual on organic farming is an invaluable resource for
anyone interested in sustainable agriculture. It provides a comprehensive
overview of the principles and practices of organic farming, including soil health,
crop rotation, pest management, and livestock management.

Through this manual, we have learned that organic farming is not only beneficial
for the environment but also for human health. It promotes the use of natural
fertilizers and pest control methods, which eliminate the need for harmful
chemicals that can have long-term effects on the ecosystem and human health.

Additionally, the manual emphasizes the importance of community involvement

and education in the organic farming movement. It highlights the need for
farmers to share knowledge and resources, as well as for consumers to support
local organic farmers and make informed choices about their food.

Overall, the manual on organic farming serves as a valuable guide for those
seeking to cultivate healthy, sustainable, and environmentally responsible food
systems. By embracing the principles and practices of organic farming, we can
create a more resilient and sustainable future for ourselves and generations to
come.

vi

Appendix
 Books on Organic Farming
1. “Working with Nature – Shifting Paradigms” by Heide
Hermary
2. “The Gardener’s A-Z Guide to Growing Organic Food”
by Tanya Denckla
3. “Secrets of the Soil” by Peter Tompkins and Christopher
Bird
4. “The Non-Toxic Farming Handbook” by Philip A.
Wheeler
5. “The Organic Method Primer” by Dr Bargyla Rateaver

 Websites on Organic Farming of India

1. OFAI – India’s biggest network of organic farmers
https://www.ofai.org/
2. National Centre of Organic Farming
https://ncof.dacnet.nic.in/
3. Indian Organic Certification Agency (INDOCERT)
https://www.indocert.org/
4. Organic Certification Mark – Indian Spices
https://www.indianspices.com/indianspices/
5. International Federation of Organic Agriculture
Movements (IFOAM) https://www.ifoam.bio/