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Day 2

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9 views13 pages

Day 2

Uploaded by

Gai Koah Gatwich
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GIS

About this Space


Address: Opposite University of Juba
How to get started with GIS using QGIS Email: [email protected]
Tel: +211 921 704 079 /+211 988 888 224
Facebook: @K-Tech Space
By: Lodu B. John WhatsApp: +211 920 063 323
Course Content

1. Introduction to GIS Software


2. Working with Spatial Data
3. Basic Mapping and Visualization
4. Data Editing and Digitization
5. Geospatial Analysis Basics
6. Working with GPS Data
7. Creating Maps and Reports
8. Plugins
9. Project Work
Working with Spatial Data

❖ Understanding vector and raster data


❖ Exploring coordinate systems and projections
❖ Hands-on with GIS software
Introduction to Spatial Data

❖ Spatial Data: Data that represents the location, shape, and attributes of geographic
features.
❖ Two main types:
o Vector Data (Points, Lines, Polygons)
✓ Refer to the fundamental building blocks used to represent spatial data on a map

o Raster Data (Grids, Pixels)


✓ Grid is a man-made system that uses latitude and longitude to accurately measure the position
of any point on the surface of the world
✓ A pixel is one of the small dots or squares that make up an image on a computer screen.
Vector Data Overview

❖ Definition: Uses geometric shapes to represent real-world features.


❖ Common Formats:
o Shapefiles (.shp)
o GeoJSON, KML, GPKG - Geopackage (GPKG) is an open standard vector file format developed by the
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC).

❖ Examples:
o Roads (Lines)
o Buildings (Polygons)
o Rivers (Lines)
Opening and Exploring Shapefiles

❖ Steps in QGIS/ArcGIS:
o Open GIS software
o Load shapefile via "Add Layer"
o View attribute table
o Symbolize and label features
❖ Common tools:
o Identify tool
o Select by attribute
o Edit feature attributes
Raster Data Overview

❖ Definition: Pixel-based data representing continuous surfaces.


❖ Common Formats:
o TIFF, JPEG, GRID
✓ Tagged Image File Format

✓ Joint Photographic Experts Group

❖ Examples:
o Satellite Images
o Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
o Land Cover Maps
Loading Raster Data

❖ Steps in QGIS or ArcGIS:


o Use "Add Raster Layer"
o Select raster dataset
o Adjust symbology (Color maps, transparency)
o Use raster analysis tools (Hillshade, Slope, NDVI)
✓ Hillshade, also known as shaded relief, is a technique that uses light and shadow to create a 3D
representation of terrain on a map
✓ A "Slope tool" is a function within GIS software, like QGIS or ArcGIS, that calculates and displays the
steepness of a terrain surface by determining the slope value for each cell in a raster elevation model (DEM)
✓ The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a mathematical calculation that measures the health
and density of vegetation
Understanding Coordinate Systems

❖ What is a Coordinate System?


o Defines how spatial data is represented on Earth.
❖ Types:
o Geographic Coordinate System (GCS): Latitude/Longitude (WGS84)
o Projected Coordinate System (PCS): UTM, State Plane
Reprojecting Data
❖ Why reproject?
o Ensure spatial alignment
o Improve accuracy in analysis
❖ Steps in QGIS or ArcGIS:
o Use "Reproject Layer" tool
✓ To access the "Reproject Layer" tool in QGIS, go to the Processing Toolbox by clicking the "Processing"
tab in the menu bar, then search for "Reproject Layer" in the search bar within the toolbox.

o Select target coordinate system


o Save as a new dataset
Hands-on Practice

❖ Open GIS software


❖ Load vector and raster data
❖ Check and change coordinate systems
❖ Perform basic spatial analysis
Summary & Next Steps

❖ Key Takeaways:
o Vector data is discrete, raster data is continuous
o Shapefiles are common vector formats
o Coordinate systems define spatial reference
❖ Next Steps:
o Practice loading different data types
o Explore spatial analysis functions
o Learn about georeferencing techniques
Q&A

Any Questions?

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