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PROBABILITY

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9 views3 pages

PROBABILITY

Uploaded by

kelvinmbilinyi6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBABILITY

Probability measures the chance or likelihood of an event to occur. It is about prediction of


Uncertainties which require the laws of chance.

Terms Related to Probability

1. Random Experiment: Is the act which will be ended showing any of the probable result of
the act when is repeated under homogenous condition.
2. Outcome: is a single possible result of a random experiment. It is the most basic unit of
an experiment what you see or record each time you perform the experiment once.
3. The sample space: Is the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment. It is
usually denoted by the letter S.
4. Event: An event is any subset of the sample space in a probability experiment.
It consists of one or more outcomes that satisfy a certain condition. If the sample space
is S, then an event E is such that: E⊆S
i) Mutual Exclusive Events: Two events are called mutually exclusive (or disjoint) if
they cannot occur at the same time.
If A∩B=∅, then A and B are mutually exclusive. This means there is no outcome
common to both events.
ii) None Mutually Exclusive Events: Two events are non-mutually exclusive if they
can occur at the same time, meaning they share at least one common outcome.
If A∩B≠∅, then A and B are non-mutually exclusive.
5. Probability: Is the measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur. It ranges
from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
Number of favorable outcomes
Probability of an event A: P (A) =Total number of possible outcomes

6. PROBABILITY RULES
EXAMPLES:
1. A fair die is rolled once and the outcome is recorded. What is the probability that the
face showed up has an even number?
2. A bag contains 7 red and 8 blue balls. Find is the probability that if one ball is drawn,
it is either a red or blue ball.
3. A bag contains 5 black, 3 blue, and 4 red balls. If two balls are drawn at random, find
the probability that the two balls drawn are not of the same colour.
4. A gambler records that the probability of winning a game is 8%. If he bought 480
tickets, find the number of tickets that were sold.
5. A packet contains 3 drawing pins and 5 thumb pins. An item is drawn from the packet.
What is the probability that the drawn item is a drawing pin?
6. A packet contains 3 drawing pins and 5 thumb pins. An item is drawn from the packet.
What is the probability that the drawn item is a drawing pin?
7. A box consists of 144 ball pens, of which 20 are defective. A girl will buy a pen if it is
good but not defective. A shopkeeper draws one pen at random from the box and
gives it to the girl. Find the probability that the girl will buy that pen.
8. Cards bearing numbers 3 to 20 are placed in a basket and mixed thoroughly. One card
is taken out from the basket at random. What is the probability that the number on
the card taken out is even?
9. A box has six black, four red, two white, and three blue shirts. Find the probability that
two red shirts and one blue shirt get chosen during a random selection of three shirts
from the box.
10. A six-sided fair die is rolled. Determine the probability that the number that shows up
is even or greater than four.
11. In a class of twenty students, four of the nine boys and three of the eleven girls are in
the athletics team. A student from the class is chosen at random to join in the “egg
and spoon” race on the sports day. Find the probability that the student chosen
is a girl or is in the athletics team.
12. A five-digit number is formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Determine the probability
that the number formed is a multiple of 2 if each digit given may be used once.

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