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MLB4 112327

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13 views3 pages

MLB4 112327

Uploaded by

mufisiruakinsanya00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATRICES AND VECTORS

In MATLAB, matrices and vectors are fundamental data structures. MATLAB (Matrix
Laboratory) is designed for matrix-based computations, making it essential to understand how
to create, manipulate, and operate on them.
4.1 Basics of Matrices and vectors
4.1.1 Creating Vectors
A vector is a one-dimensional array of numbers. It can be a row vector or a column vector.
Row Vector
A = [1, 2, 3, 4]; % Using square brackets with commas or spaces
B = [5 6 7 8]; % Spaces also work
Column Vector
C = [1; 2; 3; 4]; % Using semicolons to separate rows
Generating Vectors Automatically
x = 1:5; % Creates a row vector [1 2 3 4 5]
y = 1:2:10; % [Start:Step:End] -> [1 3 5 7 9]
z = linspace(0, 10, 5); % Generates 5 equally spaced points from 0 to 10

4.1.2 Creating Matrices


A matrix is a two-dimensional array of numbers.
Manual Entry
M = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]; % 3x3 matrix
Predefined Matrices
Z = zeros(3,3); % 3x3 matrix of zeros
O = ones(2,4); % 2x4 matrix of ones
I = eye(4); % 4x4 identity matrix
R = rand(3,3); % 3x3 matrix with random values between 0 and 1

4.1.3 Accessing Elements


A = [10 20 30; 40 50 60; 70 80 90];
val = A(2,3); % Access element at row 2, column 3 -> 60
row1 = A(1,:); % Extracts first row -> [10 20 30]
col2 = A(:,2); % Extracts second column -> [20; 50; 80]
4.2. Matrix Operations
4.2.1 Basic Operations
A = [1 2; 3 4];
B = [5 6; 7 8];
C = A + B; % Matrix addition
D = A - B; % Matrix subtraction
E = A .* B; % Element-wise multiplication
F = A ./ B; % Element-wise division

4.2.2 Matrix Multiplication


G = A * B; % Standard matrix multiplication (dot product)
To perform element-wise multiplication, use .*:
H = A .* B; % Element-wise multiplication

4.2.3 Transpose and Inverse


T = A'; % Transpose of A
invA = inv(A); % Inverse of A (if A is square and non-singular)
detA = det(A); % Determinant of A

4.3.Matrix Computations and Applications


4.3.1 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
[V,D] = eig(A); % V contains eigenvectors, D contains eigenvalues

4.3.2 Solving Linear Systems


Given Ax = b, solve for x:
A = [2 3; 1 4];
b = [5; 6];
x = A\b; % MATLAB’s efficient solver for Ax = b

Summary Table
Concept Example
Create Vector v = [1 2 3]
Create Matrix M = [1 2; 3 4]
Access Elements M(2,1)
Matrix Addition A+B
Matrix Multiplication A*B
Element-wise Multiplication A .* B
Transpose A'
Inverse inv(A)
Solve Linear System A\b
Eigenvalues & Vectors [V,D] = eig(A)

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