MCQ on Glycogen Synthesis and Breakdown

1) Which of the following is false about glycogen molecules?

a) Glycogen is a polysaccharide
b) Glycogen is a polymer of beta-D-Glucose
c) Glycogen consists of α(1-4) and α (1-6) glycosidic linkage
d) Glycogen have are a helical structure with branching.

2) Which of the following organs does not have glycogen storage?

a) Liver
b) Muscle
c) Intestine
d) Erythrocytes

3) Which of the following enzyme is responsible for glycogen breakdown?

a) Glycogen phosphorylase
b) Glycogen phosphatase
c) Glycogen hydrolase
d) Glycogen phospho beta-glucosidase

4) Liver glycogen contributes to the maintenance of glucose but not muscle

glycogen.
Which of the following enzyme is absent in muscle?
a) Glycogen phosphorylase
b) Hexokinase
c) Glucose-6-phosphatase
d) Debranching enzyme

5) Which of the enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of α (1-6) glycosidic

bond present at a branching point of glycogen molecules?

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a) β-Glucosidase
b) α- Glucosidase
c) Glycosidase
d) Phosphorylase

6) Glycogen phosphorylase is responsible for the breakdown of glycogen

to............................................
a) Glucose
b) Glucose-1-phosphate
c) Glucose-6-phosphate
d) Maltose

7) Which of the following is false about enzyme glycogen phosphorylase of

glycogen breakdown?
a) Glycogen phosphorylase possess high-affinity binding to glycogen in T
conformational state
b) Glycogen phosphorylase is present in two conformation state
c) Glycogen phosphorylase is active as a homodimer
d) Glycogen phosphorylase high-affinity binding to glycogen in R
conformation state

8) Which of the following metabolite allosterically activate glycogen

phosphorylase?
a) ATP
b) AMP
b) Glucose-6-P
d) Glucose-1-P

9) In response to glucagon and epinephrine, cells undergo a series of

changes in signal-transducing molecules that phosphorylates and activates
glycogen phosphorylase.
Which of the following enzyme is responsible for covalent
modification of glycogen phosphorylase?
a) Protein kinase A
b) Phosphorylase kinase
c) Protein kinase C
d) Protein kinase B

10) Which of the following is not the direct/ indirect activator of glycogen
phosphorylase in muscle?
a) AMP
b) Ca++
c) Epinephrine
d) Insulin

11) Which of the following protein is required for de novo synthesis of

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glycogen?
a) Glycoprotein
b) Glycogenin
c) Proteoglycan
d) Glucogenin

12) Which of the following enzyme is responsible for the addition of UDP-
Glucose to the existing chain?
a) Glycogen synthase
b) Glycogen polymerase
c) Glycogen synthetase
d) Glycogen lyase

13) All the following enzymes are involved in glycogen synthesis, Except
a) Hexokinase
b) Phosphoglucomutase
c) Glucose-1-P uridylyltransferase
d) Glycogen synthetase

14) Which of the following statement is false regarding glycogenesis?

a) Glycogen synthase is activated in the phosphorylated state.
b) Glycogen synthase enzyme is inhibited by glucagon and epinephrine
action.
c) Protein phosphatase removes the phosphate group and activates the
enzyme
d) Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in liver and skeletal muscles

15) The iodine test is used to differentiate glycogen from starch. On the
iodine test, glycogen gives which of the following color?
a) Blue color
b) Green color
c) Yellow color
d) Violet color

Answers:
1-b)Glycogen is a polymer of beta-D-Glucose
2-d)Erythrocytes
3-a)Glycogen phosphorylase
4-c)Glucose-6-phosphatase
5-b)α- Glucosidase

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6-c)Glucose-6-phosphate
7-a)Glycogen phosphorylase possess high-affinity binding to
glycogen in T conformational state
8-b)AMP
9-b)Phosphorylase kinase
10-d) Insulin
11-b)Glycogenin
12-a)Glycogen synthase
13-d)Glycogen synthetase
14-a)Glycogen synthase is activated in the phosphorylated state
15-d)Violet color

Quiz on Lecture 28: Glycogen

Metabolism/Gluconeogenesis

1. Which of the following is not a mechanism for altering the

flux of metabolites through the rate-determining step of a
pathway?
a) Covalent modification of the enzyme.
b) Genetic control of the enzyme concentration.
c) Diffusional coupling between adjacent active sites.
d) Allosteric control of the enzyme activity.
e) Coordinate regulation of synthetic and degradative
steps in the same pathway.

2. The breakdown of glycogen to form glucose occurs

a) in the liver by phosphorolysis.
b) in the muscles by phosphorolysis.
c) in the liver by hydrolysis.
d) in the muscles by hydrolysis.
e) a and b are both correct.

3. The precursor to glycogen in the glycogen synthase

reaction is
a) glucose-1-P.
b) glucose-6-P.
c) UDP-glucose.

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 d) UTP-glucose.
e) None of the above.

4. Which of the following steps from glycolysis is performed

by a different enzyme in gluconeogenesis?
a) Isomerase
b) Phosphofructokinase (PFK)
c) Glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase
d) enolase
e) aldolase

5. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P)
a) inhibits phosphofructokinase.
b) activates fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
c) activates phosphofructokinase.
d) inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.
e) c and d are both correct.

6. The active form of glycogen ___ is phosphorylated; the

active form of glycogen ___ is dephosphorylated.
a) hydrolase; dehydrogenase
b) dehydrogenase; hydrolase
c) hydrolase; semisynthase
d) phosphorylase; synthase
e) synthase; phosphorylase

Pathway of glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

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This picture is taken only for educational purpose from healthjade.net

Reactions Of Glycogenesis

1. Glucose is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate catalyzed by glucokinase (in liver) and

hexokinase (in muscle).

2. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to glucose-1-phosphate by phospho-gluco-mutase.

3. Glucose-1-phosphate reacts with UTP to form UDP-glucose and releases pyrophosphate. This

reaction is catalyzed by UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase enzyme.

4. Now the glycogen synthase enzyme transfers the glucose monomer from UDP-glucose to the 4th

position of glycogen primer to form alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage.

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5. The step 4 continues up to the chain elongated to minimum of 2nd monomer. after that the

second enzyme known as branching enzyme transfers a portion of 1,4 chain to a near by branch to

form 1,6 glycosidic linkage.

5. The branch again grow with 1,4 linkage using UDP-glucose and then further branching by 1,6

glycosidic linkage.

Regulation of Glycogenesis

The principal enzyme for controlling the glycogenesis is the glycogen synthase enzyme. This

enzyme is regulated by several allosteric effectors like hormone and cyclic AMP.

Enzymes like epinephrine and glucagon inhibits the glycogenesis. Insulin inhibits the cAMP which

further inhibits the glycogen synthase.

High concentration of Glucose-6-phosphate stimulates the synthesis of new glycogen.

Significance of Glycogenesis
1. It removes the excess glucose from the circulation and store it in form of glucose.
2. Keep blood glucose level normal
3. Remove lactate from skeletal muscles and RBCs.
4. Supply glucose at active skeletal muscle
5. Replenish the liver glycogen
6. Regulates acid base balance

Multiple choice questions (MCQs)

1. Why do glycogen metabolism takes place?

A. Carbohydrate metabolism

B. Fat metabolism

C. Lipid metabolism

D. Amino acid metabolism

2. Which enzyme is considered as the principal enzyme for the regulation of glycogenesis?

A. Phosphoglucomutase

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B. Glycogen phosphorylase

C. Glucose-6-phosphatase

D. Glycogen synthase

3. Where glycogenesis takes place?

A. Cytosol

B. Mitochondria

C. Ribosomes

D. Endoplasmic reticulum

4. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

A. Glycogen metabolism is divided in 4 parts

B. Glycogenesis is synthesis of glycogen

C. Glycogen metabolism occurs in muscle and liver

D. The concentration of liver glycogen is greater than muscle tissue

5. What is the main function of hexokinase?

A. Glucose to glu-6-phosphate in muscle

B. Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in liver

C. Both

D. None

6. Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction which is utilized In both glycogenesis and

glycogenolysis?

A. Phosphoglucomutase

B. Glycogen phosphorylase

C. Glucose-6-phosphatase

D. Glucan transferase

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7. Match the following-

a. Epinephrine 1. Inhibits cAMP

b. Insulin 2. Inhibits glycogen synthase

c. Glucose-6-phosphate 3. Inhibits glycogenesis

d. Glucagon 4. Stimulates glycogen synthase

8. Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to UDPGlc?

A. UDPGlc pyrophosphorylase

B. UDPFlc dehydrogenase

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above

9. Which enzyme catalyzes the only reversible reaction of whole glycogen metabolism

A. Phosphoglucomutase

B. Glycogen phosphorylase

C. Glucose-6-phosphatase

D. Glucan transferase

10. Why muscle cannot release glucose into blood and is used exclusively by itself?

A. Muscles cannot do extra work

B. All glucose is used for muscle contraction

C. Absence of glucose-6-phosphatase

D. Both A and B

11. Which of the following stimulates the glycogenesis?

A. Epinephrine

B. Glucagon

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C. Insulin

D. None of the above

12. Which form of energy inhibits the glycogenolysis?

A. FAD

B. cAMP

C. ATP

D. NADH

13. Which type of bond links the glycosyl units of glycogen compounds?

A. Hydrogen bonds

B. Covalent bonds

C. Glycosidic bonds

D. sometimes A and sometimes C

14. Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction of glycogenesis?

A. Hexokinase

B. Glycogen synthase

C. Glucokinase

D. All of the above

15. Where is glucose-6-phosphate mainly used?

A. Glycolysis

B. TCA cycle

C. HMP shunt

D. Both A and C

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ANSWERS:-
1. Carbohydrate metabolism
2. Glycogen synthase
3. Cytosol
4. Glycogen metabolism is divided in four parts
5. Glucose to glu-6-phosphate in muscle
6. Phosphoglucomutase
7. a – 2 b – 1 c – 4 d – 3
8. UDPGlc pyrophosphorylase
9. Phosphoglucomutase
10. Absence of glucose-6-phosphatase
11. None of the above
12. cAMP
13. Glycosidic bonds
14. All of the above
15. Both A and C

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