Roll Number − 234103420

Assignment 02

Any linear transformation 𝑇 follows two basic properties:

1. Additive Property

𝑇(𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑇(𝑢) + 𝑇(𝑣)

2. Homogeneity

𝑇(𝑐𝑢) = 𝑐𝑇(𝑢), where 𝑐 is some scalar.

Ans 01:
4 −6
Given 𝑇 ([ ]) = [ ].
−2 16
Now,

−2 1 4 1 4 1 −6 3
𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑇 (( ) × [ ]) = ( ) × 𝑇 ([ ]) = ( ) × [ ] = [ ]
1 −2 −2 −2 −2 −2 16 −8

and
8 4 4 −6 −12
𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑇 (2 × [ ]) = 2 × 𝑇 ([ ]) = 2 × [ ] = [ ]
−4 −2 −2 16 32

Ans 02:
2 −4 0 9
Given 𝑇 ([ ]) = [ ] and 𝑇 ([ ]) = [ ]
0 6 3 −6
Now,

1 1 2 2 0 1 2 2 0 −2 6 4
𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑇 ((2) × [ ] + (3) × [ ] ) = (2) 𝑇 ([ ]) + (3) 𝑇 ([ ]) = [ ] +[ ] = [ ]
2 0 3 0 3 3 −4 −1

1 4
∴ 𝑇 ([ ]) = [ ]
2 −1
Ans 03:
2
8
Given 𝑇 ([ ]) = [−4] .
2
6
Now,
2 4
16 8 8
𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑇 (2 × [ ]) = 2 × 𝑇 ([ ]) = 2 × [−4] = [−8];
4 2 2
6 12
2 −1
−4 1 8 1 8 1
𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑇 ((− ) × [ ]) = (− ) × 𝑇 ([ ]) = (− ) × [−4] = [ 2 ].
−1 2 2 2 2 2
6 −3

Ans 04:
2 6
1 0
Given 𝑇 ([ ]) = [0] and 𝑇 ([ ]) = [−3] .
2 3
1 3
Now,
2 6 12
−3 1 0 1 0
𝑇 ([ ]) = 𝑇 (−3 × [ ] + 3 × [ ]) = −3𝑇 ([ ]) + 3 ([ ]) = −3 [0] + 3 [−3] = [−9]:
3 2 3 2 3
1 3 6

Ans 05:
−2 0 2
Given, T(î) = [ ] , T(ĵ) = [ ] , T(k̂ ) = [ ];
1 −3 4
𝑥1
−2 0 2
∴ 𝑇 (𝑥2 ) = 𝑥1 [ ] + 𝑥2 [ ] + 𝑥3 [ ].
𝑥3 1 −3 4

Let 𝑥1 = 4 , 𝑥2 = 5, 𝑥3 = 6;
4
−2 0 2 −8 0 12 4
Then, 𝑇 (5) = 4 [ ] + 5 [ ] + 6 [ ] = [ ] + [ ] + [ ] = [ ];
1 −3 4 4 −15 24 13
6
Ans 06:

Assume that 𝑇(𝑢) = 𝑇(𝑣) and since 𝑇 is a linear transformation, we have:

𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 𝑇(𝑢) − 𝑇(𝑣).

Since 𝑇(𝑢) = 𝑇(𝑣), we can substitute this into the equation:

𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 𝑇(𝑣) − 𝑇(𝑣) = 0.

This shows that 𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) equals zero.

Now let us assume that 𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 0. We want to show that 𝑇(𝑢) = 𝑇(𝑣).

Since 𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 0, by linearity of the transformation 𝑇, we have:

𝑇(𝑢) − 𝑇(𝑣) = 𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 0.

This implies that 𝑇(𝑢) = 𝑇(𝑣).

∴ In both directions, we have shown the required implications, which proves the original statement:

𝑇(𝑢) = 𝑇(𝑣) if and only if 𝑇(𝑢 − 𝑣) = 0.

Ans 07:

It is given that the set {𝑇(𝑣1), 𝑇(𝑣2), . . . , 𝑇(𝑣𝑘)} is linearly independent.

Let us assume that the set 𝑆 = {𝑣1, 𝑣2, . . . 𝑣𝑘} is linearly dependent.

Then there exist scalars𝑎1, 𝑎2. . . 𝑎𝑘, not all of which are equal to zero such that:

𝑎1𝑣1 + 𝑎2𝑣2+. . . +𝑎𝑘𝑣𝑘 = 0

Applying linear transformation on the above equation:

𝑇(𝑎1𝑣1 + 𝑎2𝑣2+. . . +𝑎𝑘𝑣𝑘) = 0

By the linearity of 𝑇, we have,

𝑎1𝑇(𝑣1) + 𝑎2𝑇(𝑣2)+. . . +𝑎𝑘𝑇(𝑣𝑘) = 0

Since the set {𝑇(𝑣1), 𝑇(𝑣2), ..., 𝑇(𝑣𝑘)} is assumed to be linearly independent, the only way the linear
combination of these vectors can be equal to zero is if all coefficients 𝑎1, 𝑎2, ..., 𝑎𝑘 are zero.

But this contradicts the initial assumption that not all 𝑎𝑖's are zero (𝑖 = 1,2 … 𝑘).

Therefore, the assumption that 𝑆 is linearly dependent must be false, meaning that 𝑆 is linearly
independent in 𝑅𝑛.
Ans 08:

We know that,

𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑑𝑒𝑡 (𝑇) × 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎.

Where 𝑇 is the transformation matrix over the vector space.

Given that original area = 32𝑚𝑚2

2 9
• Case 1: 𝑇 = [ ]
4 1
det(𝑇) = (2 − 36) = −34
Transformed area = −34 × 32 = −1088𝑚𝑚2

2 3
• Case 2: 𝑇 = [ ]
6 9
det(𝑇) = (18 − 18) = 0
Transformed area = 0 × 32 = 0𝑚𝑚2
Ans 09:

The image chosen to be imported is of the Twitter logo. A polygon is made in GeoGebra using the
image.

• Area of polygon = 125.32 units2.

• Area of polygon after performing shear along X-axis by a factor of 2 remains same, i.e.,
125.32 units2.
2 9
• Area of polygon after performing a linear transformation 𝑇 = [ ] becomes -4260.8 units2
4 1
because 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑇 = −34. ∴ −34 × 125.32 = −4260.8 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠2

Figure-01: Area of polygon = 125.32 units2.

 Figure-02: Area of sheared polygon = 125.32 units2.

Figure-03: Transformed area is flipped and scaled (Area = -4260.8 units2)

Ans 10:

The image is of Bhopal City, imported from Google Maps. The boundary of the polygon coincides
approximately with the boundary of the city.

The area of polygon is 68.31 units2. The image shows a scale of 5 Km = 1.76 units.

Therefore 1 units2 = 8.07 Km2. Hence, Area of Bhopal = 68.31×8.07 Km2 = 551.31Km2.