COMMUNITY ORGANIZING

FINAL COACHING
Artem Reynald S. Makipagay, RN, RSW
1. It is made up of different persons living in a
definite territory with at least a minimum of
cultural ties based on common values, interests,
goals, system of expectations, concerns, etc.
a. Geographic Community
b. Functional Community
c. Community
d. Community Organizing
1. It is made up of different persons living in a
definite territory with at least a minimum of
cultural ties based on common values, interests,
goals, system of expectations, concerns, etc.
a. Geographic Community
b. Functional Community
c. Community
d. Community Organizing
TYPES OF COMMUNITY
a. Geographic community - a community within ecclestial or civil
territory

b. Functional - hold common values, share common function or

express some common interest Ex: education, social welfare

c. Rural - relationship is closer

d. Urban - large in terms of land area and population, relationship is

artificial, transitory or business like, advance in science and
technology
TYPES OF COMMUNITY
e. Sectoral - farmers, fisherfolks, women, workers, informal settlers
(voluntary sector or non-profit sector)

f. Formal - engage in joint activities/discussion, help each other, share

information with each other. Purpose of achieving goals Ex: military unit,
corporations, churches

g. Informal - consist of a set of relation, social network. Common interest

and emotional resources of motivation
● Purpose: satisfying personal and psychological needs
● - spontaneous, voluntary to satisfy needs
TYPES OF COMMUNITY
h. Rurban - show physical characteristics of urban community but the
relationship is more rural in nature

i. Tribal/Indigenous - cultural communities

2. Which of the following is Not a distinctive feature of
Community Organization?
a. Its practice is based on body of knowledge and
principles
b. It is practiced by professionally trained social workers
c. Its helping proceeds from the analysis of baseline
data on the community problems and needs with the
participation of the people who are involved in the
different stages
d. It involves a one to one relationship
2. Which of the following is Not a distinctive feature of
Community Organization?
a. Its practice is based on body of knowledge and
principles
b. It is practiced by professionally trained social workers
c. Its helping proceeds from the analysis of baseline
data on the community problems and needs with the
participation of the people who are involved in the
different stages
d. It involves a one to one relationship
3. Which of the following is an example
of functional community?
a. Philippine Association of Social
Workers
b. Golden Acres Subdivision
c. Sitio
d. Barangay
3. Which of the following is an example
of functional community?
a. Philippine Association of Social
Workers
b. Golden Acres Subdivision
c. Sitio
d. Barangay
4. _________ is the urban poor organization that
organized and empowered themselves to
contend with their poverty, social injustice and
the dictorial rule during the Marcos regime.
a. ZOTTO
b. ZOTO
c. ZIPO
d. ZONE
4. _________ is the urban poor organization that
organized and empowered themselves to
contend with their poverty, social injustice and
the dictorial rule during the Marcos regime.
a. ZOTTO
b. ZOTO
c. ZIPO
d. ZONE
ZOTO
● ZONE ONE TONDO ORGANIZATION or Samahan ng
Mamayan ZOTO
● October 20, 1970
● Oldest urban poor organization (hindi natibag during the time of
martial law)

● PECCO - Philippine Ecumenical Council for Community

Organizing
- Organize the ZOTO using the conflict-confrontation (Saul
Alinsky)
5. Relationship goals consists of ________________.
a. Changing certain types of relationships and decision
making process in community by diffusing power to a
wider base.
b. Helping people to develop their capabilities to
prepare them for specific roles in the community
development
c. Meeting people’s aspiration
d. Guiding them in their work
5. Relationship goals consists of ________________.
a. Changing certain types of relationships and
decision making process in community by diffusing
power to a wider base.
b. Helping people to develop their capabilities to
prepare them for specific roles in the community
development
c. Meeting people’s aspiration
d. Guiding them in their work
GOALS OR OBJECTIVE OF CO – ARTHUR DUNHAM

Relationship - Changing certain types of relationships and

decision making process in community by diffusing power to a
wider base.
Ex: wider cooperation and understanding thru collaborative and
joint efforts, developing interrelationship and support with one
another

Process - concerned with the process of helping people to

strengthen quality of participation, self direction and cooperation.
Ex: motivate people to be aware of their problems/needs.
GOALS OR OBJECTIVE OF CO – ARTHUR DUNHAM

Tasks - concerned with concrete tasks to be undertaken to

meet the specific needs and people aspiration or resolve
particular problem.
Ex: Assessment of community thru data gathering, help
community to analyze problem
6. When disadvantaged sector such as urban
poor, tenant farmers, marginal fisher-folks
bond together and organize, their group is
called:
a. NGO
b. LGU
c. Civic Organization
d. People’s Organization
6. When disadvantaged sector such as
urban poor, tenant farmers, marginal fisher-
folks bond together and organize, their group
is called:
a. NGO
b. LGU
c. Civic Organization
d. People’s Organization
Civic Organization
● voluntary basis established charitable, educational,
recreational and social welfare purpose. Ex: Rotary Club

People’s Organization
● a group people established by the community to undertake
collective action to address community concerns / needs.
● constitution, by laws, governing board responsible for policy
formulation
● draws volunteer from the community
● highest decision making body - GENERAL ASSEMBLY
 7. The pooling together of the NGOs, POs
and the GOs to complement each other in
development work
a. Convergence
b. Association
c. Tripartism
d. Civil Union
 7. The pooling together of the NGOs, POs
and the GOs to complement each other in
development work
a. Convergence
b. Association
c. Tripartism
d. Civil Union
TRIPARTISM

● Collaborative strategies or partnership (community -

government - private sector) – GOs, NGOs, POs

NGO
● form of response of private organization to meet people’s
needs in the community
● Sectarian and non-sectarian
● Governed by their own charters constitutions, by-laws and
governing board
8. As identified by many community leaders and CO workers
in the Phlippines based on experience, this is one of the
existing block to growth that pertains to electing only
candidates for leadership roles belonging to one’s region or
religion without considering their competence and
qualifications for the position:
a. Ignorance
b. Palakasan
c. Regionalism / Factionalism
d. Oppressive power structure
8. As identified by many community leaders and CO workers
in the Phlippines based on experience, this is one of the
existing block to growth that pertains to electing only
candidates for leadership roles belonging to one’s
region or religion without considering their competence and
qualifications for the position:
a. Ignorance
b. Palakasan
c. Regionalism / Factionalism
d. Oppressive power structure
HOW OBJECTIVE OF CO ACHIEVED
1. Removal of blocks to growth
- Ignorance
- Negative values/patterns/attitude (ningas cogon, maniana habit, bahala na,
palakasan, utang na loob, fatalistic attitude)
- Regionalism / Factionalism

2. To release the potentialities and bring about people empowerment

3. To develop capacity to manage community life and self-reliant
4. To develop the ability to function as integrated unit
5. To encourage the full use of inner or indigenous resources for community
development before tapping outside resources
6. To change/modify existing policies and programs that are oppressive,
defective and to proposed needs ones
9. This model of CO refers to efforts directed towards
integrating and different action systems of the community with
other systems in the local community and/or with extra community
action systems, efforts aimed at bringing about reforms in
attitudes, policies and practice of large private and public
agencies including legal, functional and operating system
a. Locality development
b. Social Planning
c. Social Action
d. All of the above
9. This model of CO refers to efforts directed towards
integrating and different action systems of the community with
other systems in the local community and/or with extra community
action systems, efforts aimed at bringing about reforms in
attitudes, policies and practice of large private and public
agencies including legal, functional and operating system
a. Locality development
b. Social Planning
c. Social Action
d. All of the above
10. Rothman’s locality development
model is
a. Collaborative
b. Conflict-oriented
c. Results-oriented
d. Relationship-oriented
10. Rothman’s locality development
model is
a. Collaborative
b. Conflict-oriented
c. Results-oriented
d. Relationship-oriented
ROTHMAN’S MODEL OF CO
1. LOCALITY DEVELOPMENT - consensus building, collaborative
- Self-help
- Leadership development
- Voluntary cooperation
- BOTTOM to TOP

2. SOCIAL PLANNING
- Complex problem - EXPERT PLANNERS
- TOP - BOTTOM
- TRIPARTISM

3. SOCIAL ACTION
- Clear pro-poor bias
- Conscientization, negotiation, alliance work, mass action
- Conflict - confrontation (Saul Alinsky)
 Three Models of Community Organization Practice
(According to Selected Practice Variables)
MODEL A MODEL B MODEL C
(Locality Development) (Social Planning) (Social Action)
1. Goal categories of Self-help; community Problem-solving with Shifting of power
community action capacity & integration regards to substantive relationships and
(process goals) community problems (task resources; basic
goals) institutional change (task or
process goals)
2. Assumption concerning Community eclipsed, Substantive social Disadvantaged
community structure and anomie; lack of problems: mental and populations, social
problem conditions relationships and physical health, housing injustice, deprivation,
democratic problem-solving inequity
capacities: state of
traditional community
3. Basic change strategy Broad cross-section of Fact-gathering about Crystallization of issues
people involved in problems and decisions on and organization of people
determining and solving the most rational course to take action against
their problems action enemy targets
 Three Models of Community Organization Practice
(According to Selected Practice Variables)
MODEL A MODEL B MODEL C
(Locality Development) (Social Planning) (Social Action)

4. Characteristic Consensus: Consensus or conflict Conflict or contest:

change tactics and communication among confrontation direct
techniques community groups and action, negotiation
interests; group
discussion

5. Salient practitioner Enabler-catalyst, Fact-gatherer and Activist-advocate

roles coordinator; teacher of analysts, program agitator, broker,
problem-solving skills implementer, facilitator negotiator, partisan
and ethical values

6. Medium of change Manipulation of small Manipulation of formal Manipulation of mass

task-oriented groups organizations and data organizations and
political processes
 Three Models of Community Organization Practice
(According to Selected Practice Variables)
MODEL A MODEL B MODEL C
(Locality Development) (Social Planning) (Social Action)
7. Orientation toward Members of power Power structure as Power structure as
power structure structure as employers and sponsors eternal target of section:
collaborators in a oppressors to be
common venture coerced or overturned
8. Boundary definition of Total geographic Total community or Community Segment
the community client community community segment
system or constituency (including “functional
community”)
9.Assumptions Common interests or Interests reconcilable or Conflicting interests
regarding interests of reconcilable differences in conflict which are not easily
community subparts reconcilable: scarce
resources
 Three Models of Community Organization Practice
(According to Selected Practice Variables)
MODEL A MODEL B MODEL C
(Locality Development) (Social Planning) (Social Action)

10. Conception of the Rationalist unitary Idealist-unitary Realist-individualist

public interest
11. Conception of the Citizens Consumers Victims
client population or
constituency
12. Conception of Participants Consumers or Employers,
client role interactional problem- recipients constituents;
solving process members
11. This is one of the general attributes of community
organization wherein people are viewed as object (focus)
and subject (beneficiary) of development. They have the
capacities to change and can be changed if given the right
opportunities to develop. Therefore, their potentials must be
fully maximized.
a. Process Oriented
b. Problem Centered
c. People Oriented
d. Community Rooted
11. This is one of the general attributes of community
organization wherein people are viewed as object (focus)
and subject (beneficiary) of development. They have the
capacities to change and can be changed if given the right
opportunities to develop. Therefore, their potentials must be
fully maximized.
a. Process Oriented
b. Problem Centered
c. People Oriented
d. Community Rooted
GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
1. Process Oriented
○ People’s involvement in the entire development process
○ CO process is viewed as part of the education of people to better
understand their situation

2. People Oriented
○ People are viewed as object (focus) and subject( beneficiary) of development
○ They have the capacities to change and can be changed if given the right
opportunities to develop. Therefore, their potentials must be fully
maximized.
GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
3. Action Oriented
○ Knowledge and skills are translated into concrete form of action
to change their situation
○ Organizing and mobilizing people must be ground issues that
affect their lives

4. Community Rooted
○ Projects are community managed where people are seen as the real
owners
○ They are considered as partners rather than mere beneficiaries or
recipients of programs and projects
12. This role of the worker is apparent when she
provides certain information or competency that
might aid in the achievement of the agreed-upon
goals for work. The worker shares knowledge and
educated opinion.
a. Educator
b. Locator of resources
c. Broker
d. Enabler
12. This role of the worker is apparent when she
provides certain information or competency that
might aid in the achievement of the agreed-upon
goals for work. The worker shares knowledge and
educated opinion.
a. Educator
b. Locator of resources
c. Broker
d. Enabler
ROLE OF CO WORKER
1. Enabler – enabling the community to engage in establishing
goals, objectives and setting priorities
2. Helper – helping community groups identify their
problems/needs and take effective action on their planned goals
and objectives to solve their problems and meet their needs and
aspirations.
3. Guide – guiding the community groups in the process through
difficulties encountered
ROLE OF CO WORKER
4. Initiator – initiating action through education, demonstration and
other techniques and strategies
5. Broker – acting as broker between groups, the client community
and outside resources
6. Advocate – advocating the just cause of any disadvantaged
groups, sector or community as a whole
7. Consultant – providing expert knowledge and information to
achieved planned goals and objectives
ROLE OF CO WORKER
8. Intervenor – intervening for and on behalf of the people for their
participation and involvement in the formation of social welfare
programs, services and projects intended to benefit or affect them
or when their interest and welfare are in jeopardy
9. Planner – sits as planner for the social welfare / social services
sector in planning bodies as the barangay, municipal, provincial,
regional and national development.
10. Researcher – makes research on current problems, needs and
issues as basis for action planning
FUNCTIONS CO WORKER
1. Fact-finding – to secure and maintain an adequate factual basis
for sound planning
2. Program Development – to initiate, develop new programs and
services and modify or terminate social welfare programs and
services that had become irrelevant
3. Establishment Standards – to establish, maintain and improve
social welfare standards, and to increase the effectiveness,
efficiency and economy of operation of social welfare agencies
FUNCTIONS CO WORKER
4. Education – to develop better, public understanding of social
welfare needs, problems, resources, objectives, services, methods
and standards
5. Support and Participation – to develop adequate public support
of and public participation in social welfare activities
KNOWLEDGE A CO WORKER SHOULD POSSESS
1. The goals and objective of society
2. Social Legislations
3. Research
4. Groups Processes
5. Power Structure in a community
6. Management of power
7. Use of inter-group relationship
8. Problem-solving and decision making
9. Situation Analysis
10. Planning Processes
11. Policy Formulation
12. Existing resources (internal and external)
13. Program Development
SKILLS REQUIRED AS A CO WORKER
1. Working with people / one on one and small groups
2. Organizing
3. Verbal and Written communication
4. Committee Work
5. Leadership
6. Administration
7. Interviewing
8. Research
9. Planning and Policy Formulation
10. Strategy Design and Implementation
11. Lobbying
12. Recording
13. Social Education and Action
14. Inter-Group Relationship
15. Coordination
13. Which is not a way of facilitating people
empowerment?
a. Identify with the people the blocks that hinders
people’s growth and development
b. Make people remove the blocks to growth and
development
c. Capacitating the people to develop their
potentials to the fullest
d. Do things for people
13. Which is not a way of facilitating people
empowerment?
a. Identify with the people the blocks that hinders
people’s growth and development
b. Make people remove the blocks to growth and
development
c. Capacitating the people to develop their
potentials to the fullest
d. Do things for people
PEOPLE EMPOWERMENT
● process of releasing the fullest potentials of
people through appropriate programs, services and
strategies, removing blocks that deter their growth
and development and accessing them for the
enhancement of their highest capabilities so that they
would be freed from the fetters of poverty, ignorance,
oppression, social injustice and fear to stand up their
rights and pursuit for happiness as member of free
and just society
SOURCES OF POWER
1. Freedom
2. Knowledge/Wisdom
3. Mental/Moral Efficacy
4. Capability of leadership roles
5. Ability to act or produce an effect
6. Prestige and wealth
7. Possession of authority and control over others
8. Physical might as controlling group of armed forces
14. This means tactic or careful plan or
a method devised to achieve desired
goal
a. Method
b. Strategy
c. Technique
d. Style
14. This means tactic or careful plan or
a method devised to achieve desired
goal
a. Method
b. Strategy
c. Technique
d. Style
Method - step by step process, systematic/ established
form of procedure

Strategy - tactic or careful plan or a method devised to

achieve desired goal

Technique - manner by which certain activities are

executed based on the mechanical or formal aspect

Style - manner of doing something

15. It involves breaking up of a problem situation or
collection of data, exploring the content and examining and
setting forth of various aspects, issues and relationships
involved to gain insight and understanding the content better
for logical conclusions/solutions.
a. Structuring
b. Situation Analysis
c. Problem Analysis
d. Use of dynamic and experiential learning
15. It involves breaking up of a problem situation or
collection of data, exploring the content and examining and
setting forth of various aspects, issues and relationships
involved to gain insight and understanding the content better
for logical conclusions/solutions.
a. Structuring
b. Situation Analysis
c. Problem Analysis
d. Use of dynamic and experiential learning
TECHNIQUE IN CO
Technique
A technical method of accomplishing a desired end (Webster).
The Manner by which certain activities are executed based on the
mechanical or formal aspects. (Philippine Social Work Encyclopedia)

1. Structuring
employs the use of suitable structures to engage in problem solving as councils,
committees, task force, ad hoc committee, study groups etc.

2. Situation Analysis
- involves breaking up of a problem situation or collection of data, exploring the
content and examining and setting forth of various aspects, issues and relationships
involved to gain insight and understanding the content better for logical
conclusions/solutions. (5 W and 1 H)
TECHNIQUE IN CO
3. Problem Analysis
Process of looking into the causes of the problem and their effects on those affected
by it.

Force Field Theory – Kurt Lewin

- Driving Forces
- Restraining Forces

4. Role Playing and Socio Drama

Role Playing – acting out a situation which would depict a problem or varied problems
and their effects designed to change the attitude and thinking of the target audience
towards the problem as from apathy to concern

Socio-Drama – dramatic performance with psychological overtones that is also

designed to change the values, attitudes, habits and thinking of the target audience
to a desired manner
TECHNIQUE IN CO
5. Education and Promotion
Employs a range of educational and promotional ways/approaches to enhance
people’s understanding and support of programs, projects and plans for
community improvement and development

6. Demonstration
Projects to illustrate ways of dealing with certain social problems which can be
subsequently adopted for similar uses by the community and other communities
and organizations

7. Use of Dynamics and Experiential Learning in Training

Effective techniques in training indigenous leaders who have an aversion to
lecture-type seminars
TECHNIQUE IN CO
Experiential Learning – employs the exposure of trainees to planned situation or
game where they experienced a learning process.

Group Dynamics – interacting forces within a small human group

8. Use of an Expert/Consultant
No person has a monopoly of knowledge, hence one of the CO worker’s
technique is the use of an expert from other field she is not knowledgeable about
or another CO worker who has more experience as consultant.

9. Formal Study
Employs this technique to influence public opinion and motivate people to act on
certain community or national issues.
TECHNIQUE IN CO
10. Use of Questions in Handling Group Discussions
a. Put group at ease by establishing a cordial and democratic atmosphere. Call
participants by their names and nicknames.
b. Start your meetings with a short prayed invoking the Almighty guidance followed by ice
breakers as these starts the ball rolling with positive results
c. Always state the purpose of the meeting at the very start of the discussion and why it is
called and what are the objectives that need to accomplished. This would avoid
irrelevant and wasteful discussion
d. Define procedures to be followed as guideposts for discussions to avoid waste of time
e. Inspire complete freedom of speech by avoiding negative remarks on any contributed
ideas, suggestions or questions being asked. Negative remarks discourage
participation on further discussion. Subtlety guide the trend of discussion into the
right track by request
TECHNIQUE IN CO
10. Use of Questions in Handling Group Discussions

USES OF QUESTIONS
a. To open discussions
b. To stimulate interest
c. To provoke thinking
d. To accumulate data
e. To get individual participation
f. To develop subject matter
g. To change the trend or discussion
h. To limit or terminate discussion
TECHNIQUE IN CO
10. Use of Questions in Handling Group Discussions

TYPES OF QUESTIONS
A. OVERHEAD – directed to the group as a whole. It is effective for launching
discussion and promoting group thinking
B. DIRECT – directed to particular individual to draw his participation, curb
monopolization, interrupt private conversation and bring back the discussion
into focus.
C. KICK-OFF – used to launch discussion of a new subject matter and should
therefor be challenging and be able to provoke participants to think.
D. FOLLOW-UP – used to keep the discussion going towards attaining the
objectives of the meeting.
16. A strategy of social action, one of the community
organization models. It is employed when a problem
threatens to be explosive or disruptive and is diffused
through the CO worker’s intervention as a broker with the
involvement of relevant groups and individuals who can help
diffuse a crisis situation
a. Use of conflict
b. Social Brokerage
c. Social Protests
d. Integrative mechanism to strengthen organization
16. A strategy of social action, one of the community
organization models. It is employed when a problem
threatens to be explosive or disruptive and is diffused
through the CO worker’s intervention as a broker with the
involvement of relevant groups and individuals who can help
diffuse a crisis situation
a. Use of conflict
b. Social Brokerage
c. Social Protests
d. Integrative mechanism to strengthen organization
STRATEGY IN CO
STRATEGY
Tactic or careful plan or a method devised to achieve desired goal
A Procedure adopted by Social Workers to achieve a goal (Philippine Social
Work Encyclopedia)

1. Management of Power
Helping create new centers of power in communities where leadership is
indifferent and ineffective

2. Training of Leaders for their Role Functions

Training of indigenous leaders for their role functions is an effective
strategy in enabling the community to be a self-reliant and self-managed
community
STRATEGY IN CO
3. Organizing people for specific Tasks, Roles and Functions
Goals and objectives can only be realized if there are groups of persons who plan for these goals
and objectives, then implement and monitor and evaluate their implementation

Ad hoc Committee – temporary committee needed for special task as soon as it had completed
its task, the committee is dissolved.

Special Task Forces – functions and responsibilities require a special task with special authority

Study Group – specific task is to make study groups whose specific task is to make study of
existing social phenomenon occurring in the community

4. Use of Conflict
Popularized by Alinsky. It is used in communities where the people are apathetic towards their
pressuring problems and needs when other strategies failed.
STRATEGY IN CO
Roland Warren had developed a typology of strategies for achieving purposive
change:
- Collaborative Strategy
- Campaign Strategy
- Contest Strategy

5. Collaborative Strategy
Based on the assumption of consensus or common base of values and interests
among the parties in disagreement. And that agreements can be obtained by
overcoming poor communication, misinformation and inaction

6. Campaign Strategy
Applicable when people are not in agreement on how an issue should be resolved.
Includes educating, persuading, and pressuring the recalcitrant into agreeing with
group’s proposed solution/ approach to a major issue or problem in the community
STRATEGY IN CO
7. Contest Strategy
When there is dissension in crucial issues, this can be apply to crystallize the
issues involved and to get majority vote / support for one of the contestant’s
proposal which will be considered community’s adopted decision after the
voting.

8. Social Brokerage
A strategy of social action, one of the community organization models. It is
employed when a problem threatens to be explosive or disruptive and is
diffused through the CO worker’s intervention as a broker with the
involvement of relevant groups and individuals who can help diffuse a crisis
situation
STRATEGY IN CO
9. Use of Integrative Mechanisms to Strengthen Organization
The second strategy of Social Action model of community organization. It employs
the integration of other groups’ efforts and support to strengthen the cause another
group or agency is espousing. The support may be in the form of expertise, logistics,
equipment, personnel, speakers bureau or just a public announcement of support.

10. Social Protests to Support Social Movements

Third Strategy of social action model which is commonly used as a strategy in
influencing change or modification of policies, legislations, ordinances, programs and
services deemed irrelevant, inadequate or disadvantageous to the greater sector of
society.

It is also is also used to pressure the removal of the officials perceived as incompetent,
immoral and corrupt or simply indifferent to the plight and welfare of some sectors of
society as the poor, the squatters, the handicapped and other of their kind.
STRATEGY IN CO
Social Protests - are mass action activities where people march in
the streets with placards conveying the cause of their action or
what the group is protesting about.

Mass Action – sometimes in the form of mass delegation of

protesters presenting their petition with media coverage to the
legislators, a government office, private organization, a business
establishment, a landlord or even foreign embassies. Such mass
action is however done in peaceful manner befitting a professional
strategy
STRATEGY IN CO
11. Lobbying
Included as the fourth strategy of social action wherein interest groups
attend committee meetings of the legislative bodies and the legislative
session itself to show support of or protests against the passage of certain
bills or some of its offending provisions.

12. Use of Field Trips

People learn faster through visual aids and actual experience. The CO
worker employs this strategy for fast-track learning designed for
indigenous leaders’ training for community development and leaderships.
STRATEGY IN CO
13. Use of Volunteers
An effective strategy for lack of manpower and resources.
17. Roland Warren had developed a typology of strategies
for achieving purposive change. This strategy is use when
there is dissension in crucial issues, this can be apply to
crystallize the issues involved and to get majority vote /
support for one of the contestant’s proposal which will be
considered community’s adopted decision after the voting.
a. Collaborative Strategy
b. Contest Strategy
c. Conflict Strategy
d. Campaign Strategy
17. Roland Warren had developed a typology of strategies
for achieving purposive change. This strategy is use when
there is dissension in crucial issues, this can be apply to
crystallize the issues involved and to get majority vote /
support for one of the contestant’s proposal which will be
considered community’s adopted decision after the voting.
a. Collaborative Strategy
b. Contest Strategy
c. Conflict Strategy
d. Campaign Strategy
18. Functions and responsibilities
require a special task with special
authority
a. Special Task Force
b. Ad Hoc Committee
c. Working Committee
d. Study Groups
18. Functions and responsibilities
require a special task with special
authority
a. Special Task Force
b. Ad Hoc Committee
c. Working Committee
d. Study Groups
19. A type of question directed to the group
as a whole. It is effective for launching
discussion and promoting group thinking
a. overhead
b. direct
c. kick-off
d. follow-up
19. A type of question directed to the group
as a whole. It is effective for launching
discussion and promoting group thinking
a. overhead
b. direct
c. kick-off
d. follow-up
20. What is not a source of power?
a. Knowledge and wisdom
b. Mental and moral efficacy
c. Low self-esteem and diffidence
d. Ability to act or produce and effect
20. What is not a source of power?
a. Knowledge and wisdom
b. Mental and moral efficacy
c. Low self-esteem and diffidence
d. Ability to act or produce and effect
21. A joint fund raising for the private
voluntary social welfare is known as:
a. Hull house
b. Community chest
c. Common fund
d. Community fund
21. A joint fund raising for the private
voluntary social welfare is known as:
a. Hull house
b. Community chest
c. Common fund
d. Community fund
● Hull house - first settlement in Chicago - Jane Adams -
provide support services to the immigrants

● Assosacion de Damas Filipinas (1926) founded settlement in

the Philippines

● Toynbee Hall - in London on 1584 - charitable institutions that

work to address causes and impact of poverty - Arnold
Toynbee

● Community chest - centralized the receipt and distribution of

donations to different charitable institutions
22. The largest corporate led social development
foundation in the development
a. Philippine Ecumenical Council for Community
Organization (PECCO)
b. Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP)
c. Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human
Resources in the Rural Areas (PhilDHRRA)
d. Presidential Assistance on Community Development
22. The largest corporate led social development
foundation in the development
a. Philippine Ecumenical Council for Community
Organization (PECCO)
b. Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP)
c. Philippine Partnership for the Development of Human
Resources in the Rural Areas (PhilDHRRA)
d. Presidential Assistance on Community Development
Philippine Business for Social Progress (PBSP)

● non profit organization

● largest corporate-led social devt foundation in the Phil at
the nexus of corporate citizenship, sustainable devt and
poverty reduction
● established on 1970
● remains a consultant, partners of choice of companies and
donors
23. Authored the book, Pedagogy of the
oppressed which conveys the problem faced
by the oppressed people and how culture of
silence is developed
a. Saul Alinsky
b. Joseph Biden
c. Paulo Freire
d. Arthur Dunham
23. Authored the book, Pedagogy of the
oppressed which conveys the problem faced
by the oppressed people and how culture of
silence is developed
a. Saul Alinsky
b. Joseph Biden
c. Paulo Freire
d. Arthur Dunham
Saul Alinsky - conflict - confrontation, father of
Modern CO

Paulo Freire - criticize the banking form of

education / conscientization - critical awareness of
one’s reality thru reflection - action

Arthur Dunham - 3 objectives ng CO - task,

process and relationship
24. Father of modern Community
Organizing
a. Saul Alinsky
b. Arthur Dunham
c. Murray Ross
d. Jack Rothman
24. Father of modern Community
Organizing
a. Saul Alinsky
b. Arthur Dunham
c. Murray Ross
d. Jack Rothman
Saul Alinsky - Father of modern Community Organizing
conflict - confrontation - non violent conflict to create structured
organization with clearly defined goal that could take direct action against
common enemy

Arthur Dunham - 3 objectives ng CO - task, process and relationship

Murray Ross - Canadian sociologist

Jack Rothman - 3 models of CO (Locality devt, social planning and

social action)
25. The first major strike after declaration of
martial law, a first major open acts against
Marcos
a. Basic Ecclesiastical Communities
b. Zone One Tondo Organization (ZOTO)
c. Chico River Basin Development Project
d. La Todena Organizing
25. The first major strike after declaration of
martial law, a first major open acts against
Marcos
a. Basic Ecclesiastical Communities
b. Zone One Tondo Organization (ZOTO)
c. Chico River Basin Development Project
d. La Todena Organizing
Basic Ecclesiastical Communities
● social action used by priest, nuns, organizers of social action
● program of the catholic church in the 70’s and early 80’s
● stemmed from the teaching of THEOLOGY OF LIBERATION -
liberation of the oppressed (hindi si God ang may kasalanan kung
bakit may mayaman at mahirap, dahil ito sa presence ng mga
oppresors)

Chico River Basin Development Project

● proposed hydroelectric power generation involving chico river on the
island of Luzon (kalinga) resisted because its threat to residences,
livelihood and culture
La Todena Organizing
● first major strike after declaration of martial law

● October 24, 1975

● Distiller company - manufacture liquor

● 500 workers

● first major open acts against Marcos

26. Following the social work principle, the
first step in CO is:
a. The worker’s entry into the community
b. An introductory planning with the barangay
council members
c. A formal survey of the community
d. Knowing the community and where the
people are
26. Following the social work principle, the
first step in CO is:
a. The worker’s entry into the community
b. An introductory planning with the barangay
council members
c. A formal survey of the community
d. Knowing the community and where the
people are
Community Organization Process
Community Organization Process
PROCESS A PROCESS B
1. Pre-entry Stage ( Area Selection) 1. Social Preparation
2. Entry Stage (Community Entry and - Area Selection
Integration) - Community Entry
3. Social investigation - Community Integration
- Social Investigation
4. Spotting of Leaders and Core Group 2. Leadership Development and Capability
Formation Building

5. Formation of CO 3. Organizational Development and

6. Community Planning Management
7. Mobilization / Implementation
8. Monitoring and Evaluation
9. Exit Stage 4. Consolidation and Expansion
 27. Which of the following is/are activity during pre-entry-
stage CO process?
I. Area selection
II. PSI
III. Collection of information about the community
IV. Ocular visits and observation

a. I, II, III
b. I, III, IV
c. I, II, IV
d. I, II, III, IV
 27. Which of the following is/are activity during pre-entry-
stage CO process?
I. Area selection
II. PSI
III. Collection of information about the community
IV. Ocular visits and observation

a. I, II, III
b. I, III, IV
c. I, II, IV
d. I, II, III, IV
PRE-ENTRY STAGE
● Collect information - ocular visit, observation
● Assessment of community situation
● Consultation with local groups
28. The following are the factors to be considered in
area selection except for:
a. Stable peace and order situation
b. Accessibility
c. Presence of development agencies and other
support institutions providing assistance to the area
d. Progressive areas and highly urbanized areas
28. The following are the factors to be considered in
area selection except for:
a. Stable peace and order situation
b. Accessibility
c. Presence of development agencies and other
support institutions providing assistance to the area
d. Progressive areas and highly urbanized areas
PRE-ENTRY STAGE
AREA SELECTION
Role of the Community Organizer (CO)
● Collect information about the community from government and
non-government organizations working in the target community.
● Collect data from secondary sources such as news, publications,
● Conduct an ocular visit and observation
PRE-ENTRY STAGE
● AREA SELECTION
Some factors which may be considered in area selection:
1. Depressed areas and presence of low-income groups
2. Presence of development agencies and other support
institutions providing assistance to the area
3. Willingness of local groups to link up with organizing programs
4. Stable peace and order situation
5. Accessibility
PRE-ENTRY STAGE
● AREA SELECTION
Some factors which may be considered in group selection:
1. Geographical location
2. Dialect
3. Population: Number of target individuals, families, households
4. Level of organization (organized vs. unorganized)
5. Sectoral Groupings: women, youth, farmers, fisheries etc.
6. Heterogeneous vs. homogenous membership
7. Basis for organizing: common problems and expressed needs
29. You are selecting a host family for yourself. Which should guide you
best in your choice:
I. Choose a family with a strategic location
II. A host family that belongs to a rich segment of the community
III. Family should be respected by both the formal and informal leaders
and community residents
IV. Choose a family that rejects an interview

a. II only
b. I, III and IV
c. II and IV
d. I and III
29. You are selecting a host family for yourself. Which should guide you
best in your choice:
I. Choose a family with a strategic location
II. A host family that belongs to a rich segment of the community
III. Family should be respected by both the formal and informal leaders
and community residents
IV. Choose a family that rejects an interview

a. II only
b. I, III and IV
c. II and IV
d. I and III
30. The following are helpful in facilitating your entry
to the community except for:
a. Establish the credibility of the agency and the
organizer
b. Clarify/explain the program objective and scope ,
especially to key people
c. Create high expectation to the community
d. Emphasize the importance of cooperation, local
participation and unity in attaining common goals
30. The following are helpful in facilitating your entry
to the community except for:
a. Establish the credibility of the agency and the
organizer
b. Clarify/explain the program objective and scope ,
especially to key people
c. Create high expectation to the community
d. Emphasize the importance of cooperation, local
participation and unity in attaining common goals
ENTRY STAGE
COMMUNITY ENTRY
● Community entry is the process where the Community
Organizer (CO) officially enters the community
● Process of establishing rapport with the people in continuing
effort to imbibe the community life , by living with them and
undergoing the same experiences.
● Some call this community integration is the process of
staying and living together with the people in the community
and experience their way of life’
ENTRY STAGE
COMMUNITY ENTRY
● Importance: During community entry, the Community Organizer (CO) is
introduced to local authorities and other key people in the community. It is the first
step by the Community Organizer (CO) towards integration into the
community
● Through community integration, the Community Organizer (CO) will gain better
understanding of the people and their situation. The people will also be able to
know the Community Organizer (CO) better and mutually develop good
relationships with each other.
● At this stage, the community organizer integrates into the community and
establishes a relationship based on mutual trust and respect
ENTRY STAGE
● COMMUNITY ENTRY
Guidelines for Community entry
1. Courtesy Call
2. Adapt to the lifestyle (cultural sensitive social work
principle)
3. House Selection
4. Low-key Profile
31. One primary approach to an in-depth
study of the community and its resources is
by:
a. Interviewing tools
b. Participatory Action Research
c. Integration
d. Gathering secondary data
31. One primary approach to an in-depth
study of the community and its resources is
by:
a. Interviewing tools
b. Participatory Action Research
c. Integration
d. Gathering secondary data
INTEGRATION METHOD
Establishing rapport with people and imbibing community life by
living with the community people and undergoing the same experience
that they have, sharing their hopes, aspirations, hardships towards
building mutual trust and cooperation

Methods:
- House to house visit
- Living with selected families
- Informal discussion with individual groups
- Participation in household and community activities
- Attendance to social gathering
- Assistance in actual production (farming)
INTEGRATION METHOD
Pointers/ Reminders:
- Be one of them
- Try to talk, dress and act as a community resident
- Low profile
- be sensitive
- Socialize, be friendly
- Be respectable
- Avoid excessive drinking and avoid gambling
- Practice what you preach
32. Angelito Manalili has pointed out before entering
the community, the worker must have
a. building contact
b. gather secondary data about the community
c. gather data about the institutions that works
simultaneously in the community
d. proper conduct of preliminary social analysis from
documents gathered
32. Angelito Manalili has pointed out before
entering the community, the worker must have
a. building contact
b. gather secondary data about the community
c. gather data about the institutions that works
simultaneously in the community
d. proper conduct of preliminary social analysis
from documents gathered
33. This pertains to a more focused investigation of
specific issues can be undertaken. This provides
more substantive information about the issue which
can guide interventions and follow-up activities
a. PSI
b. DSI
c. TSI
d. KSI
33. This pertains to a more focused investigation
of specific issues can be undertaken. This provides
more substantive information about the issue
which can guide interventions and follow-up
activities
a. PSI
b. DSI
c. TSI
d. KSI
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
Community Study/ Social Investigation
● A systematic and scientific process of collecting ,
collating, synthesizing and analyzing data in order to draw
a clearer picture of the community
● It is a continuing process
● Purpose is to know the situation or condition of the
community
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
Specific Objective
● Gather various information: geographic, demographic, political,
social ,economical . cultural, etc in order to identify and
understand the problems and issues that need immediate and
long terms solutions
● Identify people; classes, sectors and relationships present in
the community in order to determine their interest and
attitude
● To determine the correct approach and method in organizing
(social action, social planning or locality development)
PSI VS. DSI

PRELIMINARY SOCIAL DEEPENING SOCIAL

INVESTIGATION INVESTIGATION

provides initial / preliminary more focused investigation

information about the overall of specific issues to be
situation (political, economic, undertaken, provide more
socio-cultural, environmental, substantive information about
gender analysis) the issue (dito na magagamit
ang mga tools for analysis)
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
Community Mapping - looking at the assets, opportunities, resources

Transect Walk - observation, exploration, systematic walk together with local

people by observing, asking, listening and producing transect diagram

Other Methods
1. Ocular Visit
2. Key Informant Interview - in depth interview, people who is knowledgeable what
is going on the community EX: brgy. Officials, clergyman
3. Use of existing data
4. Observation
5. Group Discussion
34. There are three sociological approach which can help
the community organizer in conducting social investigation.
In this sociological approach, the community organizer use
to study or examine the demographic data, total land area
and the different infrastructures in the community:
a. Ecological approach
b. Normative approach
c. Structural approach
d. Community approach
34. There are three sociological approach which can help
the community organizer in conducting social investigation.
In this sociological approach, the community organizer use
to study or examine the demographic data, total land area
and the different infrastructures in the community:
a. Ecological approach
b. Normative approach
c. Structural approach
d. Community approach
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
The organizer needs to be engaged in a systematic and
scientific way of gathering and analyzing data and utilizing
these data in coming up with community plans and programs.
There are three (3) sociological approaches which can help the
worker/organizer in conducting S.I. These are:
1. Ecological Approach
2. Structural Approach
3. Normative Approach
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
Ecological
● total land area, puroks, zones, location of the brgy
● demographic data
● water supply
● drainage system
● toilet facilities
● road/pathways
● infrastructure - health and education
● commonly use materials for dwelling
● electricity/power
● community facilities
● means of transpo
● garbage disposal
● sports/recreation
● sources of income
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
Structural
● Political system
● Brgy. Councilor / committee
● SK
● Organization in the community
● Peace and order
● Vices that they engage in
● Social system
● Social sectors
● Institutions
SOCIAL INVESTIGATION
Normative
● Courtship
● Wedding
● Marriage
● Family affairs
● Beliefs
● Rituals
● Fiestas
● Gatherings
● Cultural systems
● Beliefs/values
35. You gathered the informal leaders in the area.
You asked them to draw the community and the
bodies of water where they can source out possible
irrigation. After the session, you were able to
generate what?
a. Community map
b. Household map
c. Resource map
d. Vicinity map
35. You gathered the informal leaders in the area.
You asked them to draw the community and the
bodies of water where they can source out
possible irrigation. After the session, you were
able to generate what?
a. Community map
b. Household map
c. Resource map
d. Vicinity map
KINDS OF MAP
Community map - visual, geographic representation of
community characteristics

Resource map - asset mapping or environmental

scanning / community resources map

Vicinity map - indicates the region near or about a place

and proximity to prominent and established landmark
KINDS OF MAP
Ecological Map - useful tool for assessment of family,
social and community relationship and quality of these
connections - connection to external world / community

Mind Map - used to visually organized information that

captures the thinking that goes inside your head
36. This is a form of data collection wherein they
represent and speak for various constituencies in
the community, such as clergymen, elected officials,
advisory group members and commissioners.
a. Survey
b. Key Informant Interview
c. FGD
d. Selected group discussion
36. This is a form of data collection wherein they
represent and speak for various constituencies in
the community, such as clergymen, elected officials,
advisory group members and commissioners.
a. Survey
b. Key Informant Interview
c. FGD
d. Selected group discussion
37. You were assigned to do preliminary social preparation in a
community. Arrange the following things that you need to do for ground
working to ensure that your work is logical, efficient, and effective.
I. Request for existing documents about the community
II. Roam around the community with the leaders
III. Explain about the CO project/plan
IV. Courtesy call to the community officials
V. Seek support from the community officials for the project
a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. IV, III, V, I, II
c. I, II, V, IV, III
d. V, IV, III, I, II
37. You were assigned to do preliminary social preparation in a
community. Arrange the following things that you need to do for ground
working to ensure that your work is logical, efficient, and effective.
I. Request for existing documents about the community
II. Roam around the community with the leaders
III. Explain about the CO project/plan
IV. Courtesy call to the community officials
V. Seek support from the community officials for the project
a. I, II, III, IV, V
b. IV, III, V, I, II
c. I, II, V, IV, III
d. V, IV, III, I, II
38. In what stage of the community organizing
process a core group begins to take place?
a. After you have formed the people’s organization
b. While identifying and developing potential leaders
in the community
c. After you have already integrated with the people
d. Right after you have identified the leaders in the
community
38. In what stage of the community organizing
process a core group begins to take place?
a. After you have formed the people’s organization
b. While identifying and developing potential
leaders in the community
c. After you have already integrated with the people
d. Right after you have identified the leaders in the
community
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING

● Spotting of leader and core group formation

● Not part of LGU, BLGU

CORE GROUP FORMATION

● bringing together 5-10 key leaders
● Sectoral representation must be observed
● Can lead and take initiative in forming the organization
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING

Criteria
1. Representation

2. Leadership

3. Integrity

4. Availability

5. Commitment

6. Knowledge/skills
39. The following are the characteristics of informal leaders
except for:
a. Informal leaders have a specific leadership position, either
elected or appointed
b. Many people seek their advice with regards to crucial
matters, either personal or community concerns
c. Informal leaders do not necessarily have formal leadership
titles but nevertheless have a considerable followers
d. Informal leaders seldom stand out in a crowd, nor do you
find them in front of the group
39. The following are the characteristics of informal leaders
except for:
a. Informal leaders have a specific leadership position,
either elected or appointed - FORMAL
b. Many people seek their advice with regards to crucial
matters, either personal or community concerns
c. Informal leaders do not necessarily have formal leadership
titles but nevertheless have a considerable followers
d. Informal leaders seldom stand out in a crowd, nor do you
find them in front of the group
SPOTTING OF LEADERS AND CORE GROUP FORMATION
Leaders can be classified either as formal or informal leaders:
1. FORMAL LEADERS
• Those who have a specific leadership position, either elected or appointed.
• Easily recognized the, because they tend to be more articulate and are in the
center position in many group activities

2. INFORMAL LEADERS
• Does not necessarily have formal leadership titles but nevertheless have a
considerate number of followers.
• They seldom stand out in a crowd, nor do you find them in front of a group.
• Usually work in the background but many people seek their advice with regards
to crucial matters, either personal or community concerns
40. If you are to select a leader for your people’s organization, what
criteria can be considered for identifying potential leaders?
I. Credible and well respected members of the community
II. Belongs to upper income sectors of the community
III. Willing to exert effort for the good of the community
IV. Has good communication and interpersonal skills

a. I, II, III, IV
b. I, II, III
c. I, III, IV
d. II, III, IV
40. If you are to select a leader for your people’s organization, what
criteria can be considered for identifying potential leaders?
I. Credible and well respected members of the community
II. Belongs to upper income sectors of the community
III. Willing to exert effort for the good of the community
IV. Has good communication and interpersonal skills

a. I, II, III, IV
b. I, II, III
c. I, III, IV
d. II, III, IV
41. Core group formation is important in laying
down the foundation of a strong people’s
organization. It aims to bring together a group of
_______________ key leaders who can lead and
take initiative in forming the organization.
a. 3 to 5
b. 5 to 10
c. 10 to 20
d. 20 to 30
41. Core group formation is important in laying
down the foundation of a strong people’s
organization. It aims to bring together a group of
_______________ key leaders who can lead and
take initiative in forming the organization.
a. 3 to 5
b. 5 to 10
c. 10 to 20
d. 20 to 30
FUNCTIONS OF CORE GROUP
1. Serve as training ground for shared leadership

2. Assist in mobilizing other community members

3. Provides direction of organizing activities

4. Plans activities towards formalizing the setting up

of organization
42. You are to conduct a training in doing documentations for the core
group of leaders you are working. What is the proper steps that you need
to undertake to be able to effectively do this? Arrange the following
activities.
I. Develop a training design and program.
II. Discuss the intention for the training with the target participants.
III. Conduct the training and training evaluation
IV. Conduct training needs assessment with the participants.
V. Mobilize resources for the training
a. II, III, I, IV, V
b. II, V, I, IV, III
c. II, IV, I, V, III
d. I, II, V, IV, III
42. You are to conduct a training in doing documentations for the core
group of leaders you are working. What is the proper steps that you need
to undertake to be able to effectively do this? Arrange the following
activities.
I. Develop a training design and program.
II. Discuss the intention for the training with the target participants.
III. Conduct the training and training evaluation
IV. Conduct training needs assessment with the participants.
V. Mobilize resources for the training
a. II, III, I, IV, V
b. II, V, I, IV, III
c. II, IV, I, V, III
d. I, II, V, IV, III
43. The following activities are related to
setting-up the organization except for:
a. Election of Officers
b. General Assembly
c. Preparation of the Constitution and By-
laws
d. Core Group Formation
43. The following activities are related to
setting-up the organization except for:
a. Election of Officers
b. General Assembly
c. Preparation of the Constitution and By-
laws
d. Core Group Formation
ORGANIZATIONAL DEVT AND MANAGEMENT

● Setting up the organization

● Committee formation
● Group mobilization
● Assessment planning sessions
FORMATION OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION (CO)

● Community organization will facilitate wide

participation and collective action on
community problems, needs and other
activities in the community
● Process: Calling of General Assembly
FORMATION OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION (CO)
During General Assemblies
1st General Assembly
– Introduction of the workers, goals, objectives and reason for
coming into communities
– Expectation setting and control
– By practice: Presentation of initial Data for validation and
clarification (Prioritization of problems also happen during this
stage)
- Presentation of core group and leaders in the CO process
FORMATION OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION (CO)

Principles
● Maximum participation ( are they well represented ,
assess the attendance after and analyze how to
improve numbers)
● Maximum control of people ( who talks, who
domineers, how can other share)
● Collective leadership (if possible work with your
leaders in facilitating the activities)
44. The highest decision making body or
unit in a people's organization is the
a. Executive Committee
b. President
c. General Assembly
d. Advisory Board
44. The highest decision making body or
unit in a people's organization is the
a. Executive Committee
b. President
c. General Assembly
d. Advisory Board
45. From social preparation to spotting potential
leaders, core group formation and then, setting-up
the organization is in what level of organizational
development?
a. Formative
b. Reactivation
c. Consolidation
d. Expansion
e. Consultancy
45. From social preparation to spotting potential
leaders, core group formation and then, setting-up
the organization is in what level of organizational
development?
a. Formative
b. Reactivation
c. Consolidation
d. Expansion
e. Consultancy
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

LEVEL IN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

FORMATIVE – from social preparation to spotting potential leaders,
core group formation, and them to setting-up the organization

REACTIVATION – Due to some problems in the past, an organization

may need to redefine its goals and strategies to improve operations

CONSOLIDATION - After some operations, an organization may need

to synthesize its gains by identifying member-strengths and
weaknesses. From this assessment, organizational strategies are improved
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
LEVEL IN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
EXPANSION – After strengthening organizational mechanisms, an
organization may be ready to expand its scope, ship and services. From
a local setting, the organization can move to forming alliances
networks

CONSULTANCY – Established organizations can assist newly created

groups. Specific forms of consultancy services and assistance include
management intervention or project development
46. You as the organizer went to a community to do organizing work.
You ought to facilitate creation of an organization of farmers within 6
months. In your informal conversation with some community members,
you learned that there is an existing people's organization (PO) of
farmers in the area which was a bit silent for a while. You...
a. Look for the leaders of the said PO and asked them to build another
organization
b. Talk to the leaders of the PO and some community members to make
an assessment on the said PO
c. Look for potential leaders from the community and scheduled a
meeting with them for your proposal to build a PO
d. Talk to the barangay officials and ask them to help you create build a
new PO
46. You as the organizer went to a community to do organizing work.
You ought to facilitate creation of an organization of farmers within 6
months. In your informal conversation with some community members,
you learned that there is an existing people's organization (PO) of
farmers in the area which was a bit silent for a while. You...
a. Look for the leaders of the said PO and asked them to build another
organization
b. Talk to the leaders of the PO and some community members to
make an assessment on the said PO
c. Look for potential leaders from the community and scheduled a
meeting with them for your proposal to build a PO
d. Talk to the barangay officials and ask them to help you create build a
new PO
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
REVIVING EXISTING ORGANIZATIONS
1. Find out the present status of the organization, including the
natures and causes of organizational problems and its potential
for reactivation
2. Present the findings to the organization for validation, discussion
and analysis
3. Work-out a strategy for solving problems
4. Implementing strategies to improve organization
5. Monitor and evaluate the activities periodically
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGNOSIS
It is the systematic process of assessing the organization’s status as
basis for improvement and follow-up activities

CONTENT OF ASSESSMENT
1. Leadership performance
2. Communication Process
3. Decision Making
4. Problem-Solving
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGNOSIS
CONTENT OF ASSESSMENT
5. Management
6. Membership
7. Outputs / Accomplishments
8. Linkages with other groups
9. Group Conflict
10. Growth Potential
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGNOSIS
METHODS

A. Preparatory work
- Consulting key people
- Refining content and indicators
- Planning
B. Getting information
- Review of available documents
- Interviews, meetings, group discussions
- Systematizing data
 ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGNOSIS
METHODS

C. Validation and feedback

-Data processing / analysis / interpretation
-Presentation of initial findings
-Workshop Planning

D. Documentation of results
47. Expansion work has many forms. This
type of expansion is an expansion in terms of
linkages with various group or institutions.
a. Wider Membership
b. Networking
c. Expanding linkages
d. All of the above
47. Expansion work has many forms. This
type of expansion is an expansion in terms
of linkages with various group or
institutions.
a. Wider Membership
b. Networking
c. Expanding linkages
d. All of the above
CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION

ORGANIZATIONAL CONSOLIDATION
• Strengthening commitment and capabilities of group members for
managing and sustaining organization based on one’s
assessment of past experiences.
• This is part of the preparation for more complex tasks and higher
level group action.
• Deepening critical awareness and stronger group unity are
necessary to effectively respond to bigger issues.
CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION
STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONSOLIDATION
1. COMMITTEE WORK
A strategy for accomplishing specific task as well as
strengthening group skills.

Task Oriented Committees – generally ad hoc in nature. They cease

to function as soon as task is accomplished
Program Oriented Committees – established for more long term
purposes. Often, they are part of organizational mechanisms for
planning, implementation and evaluation
CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION
STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONSOLIDATION
2. INSTITUTIONALIZING ORGANIZATIONAL MECHANISMS
Setting-up formal organizational structures and mechanisms
provide the lines for decision-making and venues for wider
participation. These includes regular meetings, consultations, action
planning, assessment and summing-up sessions.

3. EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Continuing educational sessions help develop the knowledge,
attitudes and skills of both leaders and members. This also needed
for developing second-line leaders.
 CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION
STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONSOLIDATION
4. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
Group project may concern any of the following: livelihood,
health, cooperatives, fund raising and other socio-economic concerns.
These projects have two-pronged objective: to respond to immediate
poverty or welfare needs and to strengthen the organization

5. GROUP MOBILIZATION
Aim to provide venues for wider participation of members. It
strengthen skills for sustained group action, both for immediate and
long-term concerns of the organization
CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION
STRATEGIES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CONSOLIDATION
6. RESOURCE BUILD-UP
Resource generation, either through membership dues,
tapping of local and outside resources and project proposal
development

7. NETWORKING
Involves establishing working relationship with different
development agencies and other people’s organizations.
CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION
EXPANSION
Enhance the capabilities of the group to confront more complex
issues and to build an effective support system towards sustainability.

FORMS:
1. Wider Membership
- Expansion in terms of size and scope
a. Recruitment of new members
b. Establishment of new chapters
c. Federation building
d. Geographical expansion
CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION

EXPANSION
2. Networking
- Expansion in terms of linkages with various groups and
institutions:
a. Linkages with other local/national groups
b. Networking among sectoral/multi-sectoral groups
c. Alliance building / formation of support groups
d. Joint programs and partnership
e. Campaign support and advocacy work.
48. One of the indicators of successful community
organizing is ______.
a. CO worker have been so popular
b. CO worker have increased in the integration of
community life
c. CO worker have been always invited to attend
social gathering
d. CO worker solved community problems
48. One of the indicators of successful community
organizing is ______.
a. CO worker have been so popular
b. CO worker have increased in the integration
of community life
c. CO worker have been always invited to attend
social gathering
d. CO worker solved community problems
49. The President facilitated a meeting and told the
members about the real financial status of the organization.
He said that their investment to another organization is a
scam which made the organization bankrupt. He said that he
will accept any legal concerns as he took full responsibility of
the problem. What principle of leadership did the President
show?
a. Good governance
b. Vision
c. Accountability
d. Participation
49. The President facilitated a meeting and told the
members about the real financial status of the organization.
He said that their investment to another organization is a
scam which made the organization bankrupt. He said that he
will accept any legal concerns as he took full
responsibility of the problem. What principle of leadership
did the President show?
a. Good governance
b. Vision
c. Accountability
d. Participation
50. Awareness raising is important for people to move into
action. This should make them move to a progressive action
to change the situation. This process of awareness raising
and action is also called
a. Survival
b. Praxis
c. Conscientization
d. Problem solving
50. Awareness raising is important for people to move into
action. This should make them move to a progressive action
to change the situation. This process of awareness raising
and action is also called
a. Survival
b. Praxis
c. Conscientization
d. Problem solving
PRAXIS
● ACTION REFLECTION ACTION, people must act together
upon their environment in order to critically reflect upon their
reality and so transform it through further action and critical
reflection
51. You learned that the Treasurer and President have
disagreement about the financial state of the PO. They both asked
you to help out resolve the problem. You
a. Convene a meeting among all officers and ask the President
and Treasurer to present their sides of the story.
b. Convene a meeting among all members and officials and ask
the President and Treasurer to present their sides of the story.
c. Facilitated a meeting between the President and Treasurer and
made the two talk to each other about the disagreement
d. Advise each of the two officers to report the said issue to the
barangay
51. You learned that the Treasurer and President have
disagreement about the financial state of the PO. They both asked
you to help out resolve the problem. You
a. Convene a meeting among all officers and ask the President
and Treasurer to present their sides of the story.
b. Convene a meeting among all members and officials and ask
the President and Treasurer to present their sides of the story.
c. Facilitated a meeting between the President and Treasurer
and made the two talk to each other about the disagreement
d. Advise each of the two officers to report the said issue to the
barangay
52. If you chose letter c in the previous
number, what role did you play?
a. Enabler
b. Facilitator
c. Mediator
d. Peace keeper
52. If you chose letter c in the previous
number, what role did you play?
a. Enabler
b. Facilitator
c. Mediator
d. Peace keeper
53. Which among the following best describes people-centered
participatory development?
a. An outside community organizer may help or facilitate the organizing
process, but community organizing must be initiated and sustained by
the people themselves since they are the principal actors involved
b. Seeks to return control over resources to the people and their
communities to be used in meeting their own needs
c. Seeks to broaden political participation, building from a base of strong
people’s organizations and participatory local government, with political
and economic democracy as its cornerstones
D. All of the above
53. Which among the following best describes people-centered
participatory development?
a. An outside community organizer may help or facilitate the organizing
process, but community organizing must be initiated and sustained by
the people themselves since they are the principal actors involved
b. Seeks to return control over resources to the people and their
communities to be used in meeting their own needs
c. Seeks to broaden political participation, building from a base of strong
people’s organizations and participatory local government, with political
and economic democracy as its cornerstones
D. All of the above
54. A stakeholder analysis tool that helps in identifying
stakeholders and strength of relationships and power in the
community. This is a visual presentation where using various
of circles, the size and distance can reflect the relationship
and power dynamics.
a. Venn diagram
b. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
c. Gantt Chart
d. All of the above
54. A stakeholder analysis tool that helps in identifying
stakeholders and strength of relationships and power in
the community. This is a visual presentation where using
various of circles, the size and distance can reflect the
relationship and power dynamics.
a. Venn diagram
b. Stakeholder Analysis Matrix
c. Gantt Chart
d. All of the above
55. An analysis tool that helps to find
solutions by mapping out the anatomy of
cause and effect around an issue or
community problem
a. Problem tree
b. Problem analysis
c. Situational analysis
d. All of the above
55. An analysis tool that helps to find
solutions by mapping out the anatomy of
cause and effect around an issue or
community problem
a. Problem tree
b. Problem analysis
c. Situational analysis
d. All of the above
56. The bibingka approach in doing CO means
a. The usual entry point for doing CO is through the
help of bibingka
b. The organizer works at both high and low/ground
levels of the community
c. Bibingka is a staple food in the community
d. The community needs to be put in focused
trainings similar to smoldering charcoal
56. The bibingka approach in doing CO means
a. The usual entry point for doing CO is through the
help of bibingka
b. The organizer works at both high and
low/ground levels of the community
c. Bibingka is a staple food in the community
d. The community needs to be put in focused
trainings similar to smoldering charcoal
57. A development approach which is
founded on the conviction that each and
every human being by virtue of being human,
is a holder of rights
a. Right-based approach
b. Human dignity
c. Issue based approach
d. Ethical approach
57. A development approach which is
founded on the conviction that each and
every human being by virtue of being human,
is a holder of rights
a. Right-based approach
b. Human dignity
c. Issue based approach
d. Ethical approach
58. An approach in community organizing where in
the Social worker use the barangay as existing
political structure as point of entry as basis for
problem identification and prioritizing
a. Total community approach
b. Baranganic approach
c. Systems approach
d. Generalist approach
58. An approach in community organizing where in
the Social worker use the barangay as existing
political structure as point of entry as basis for
problem identification and prioritizing
a. Total community approach
b. Baranganic approach
c. Systems approach
d. Generalist approach
Baranganic approach
An approach in community organizing where in the Social
worker use the barangay as existing political structure as
point of entry as basis for problem identification and
prioritizing

Systems approach
Individual, group and community are interrelated parts of
larger system and therefore cannot be taken separately but
in the context of the whole in relation to problem solving
59. The process of continuous survival and coping
even in the hardest of situations. Coping may result
in the individual ‘bouncing back’ to a previous state
of normal functioning, or simply not showing
negative effects.
a. Coping mechanism
b. Resilience
c. Bouncing Back mechanism
d. Survival of the fittest
59. The process of continuous survival and coping
even in the hardest of situations. Coping may result
in the individual ‘bouncing back’ to a previous
state of normal functioning, or simply not showing
negative effects.
a. Coping mechanism
b. Resilience
c. Bouncing Back mechanism
d. Survival of the fittest
60. Longwe identifies three different levels of recognition of women's issues
in project design – The Negative Level, Neutral Level and Positive Level.
Which of the following statement are not true about the three level of
recognition?
a. Negative Level: At this level, the project objectives make no mention of
women's issues. Experience has shown that women are very likely to be left
worse off by such a project.
b. Positive level: At this level, the project objectives are positively concerned
with women's issues, and with improving the position of women relative to
men.
c. Negative Level (Neutral Level) is also known as the conservative level.
d. Neutral Level: project objectives recognize women's issues, but concerns
remain that the project intervention does not leave women worse off than
before.
60. Longwe identifies three different levels of recognition of women's issues in
project design – The Negative Level, Neutral Level and Positive Level. Which
of the following statement are not true about the three level of recognition?
a. Negative Level: At this level, the project objectives make no mention of
women's issues. Experience has shown that women are very likely to be left
worse off by such a project.
b. Positive level: At this level, the project objectives are positively concerned
with women's issues, and with improving the position of women relative to
men.
c. Negative Level (Neutral Level) is also known as the conservative level.
d. Neutral Level: project objectives recognize women's issues, but concerns
remain that the project intervention does not leave women worse off than
before.
SARAH LONGWE’S LEVEL OF EQUALITY
- TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF WOMEN EMPOWERMENT - extent project are
concern about women

1. Welfare - level of women’s material welfare, equal access to resources

2. Access - women’s access to the factors of production

- Equal access to land, labor, credit, training, public services/benefits

3. Conscientization - conscious understanding of the difference between sex and

gender
- Division of labor should be fair
- Gender awareness
SARAH LONGWE’S LEVEL OF EQUALITY
4. Participation - equal participation in decision making process (policy-
making, planning)

5. Control - control over decision making process

Longwe identifies three different levels of recognition of women's issues in project design:

Negative level: At this level, the project objectives make no mention of women's issues.
Experience has shown that women are very likely to be left worse off by such a project.

Neutral level: This is also known as the conservative level. Project objectives recognize
women's issues, but concerns remain that the project intervention does not leave
women worse off than before.

Positive level: At this level, the project objectives are positively concerned with women's
issues, and with improving the position of women relative to men.

Project title:
Level of recognition Levels of equality
Negative Neutral Positive
Control
Participation
Consientisation
Access
Welfare
SITUATION #1:
Barangay Sto. Rosario is one of the 33 barangays in the southern part of Floridablanca. It
has a population of 1,533 with 350 households. The barangay is divided into 6 puroks.
Barangay Sto. Rosario is 6 kilometers away from the town proper and only 4 kilometers to
Dinalupihan, Bataan. A resident needs to spend as much as P100.00 for his/her fare going
to Poblacion and only P15.00 going to Bataan.

Barangay Sto. Rosario has a total area of 500 hectares and in agricultural community.
Farming is main source of income. The farming area was once a sugar cane plantation, an
hacienda owned by a single old woman with workers from Bacolor, Pampanga. Farm
workers built their houses inside the hacienda. The hacienda or farm was later taken over
by her nephew when she died. When this area was placed under CARP, he sold the land
to a Taiwanese businessperson. With the Mt. Pinatubo eruption however, the new owner
has never utilize the land.
SITUATION #1:
Barangay Sto. Rosario has one barangay health center operated by a midwife and two
health workers at the same time, the health center is also a daycare center which holds
class in the morning. There is one elementary school with seven teachers. Four among
the seven teachers are residents of the barangay. The residents have constructed a
chapel were mass and other liturgical services are held. There is also one basketball court
and utilized by the residents as solar dryer. The barangay has electricity but is connected
from Bataan.

Majority of the households do not have regular income. Parents are farmworkers and
although children have graduated from highschool, they do not have jobs. They are also
skilled in welding, carpentry, electronic. However, do not have opportunities for
employment. Some families have sari-sari store, tricycle services which serve as their
community transport system. The source of capital in putting up their businesses comes
from loan sharking.
61. What method of community organization intervention is
applicable in this setting?
a. Community Organizing to develop and empower the
leaders of St. Rosario
b. Social Planning and advocacy so that people can have
opportunities
c. Locality Development to develop community solidarity and
competence
d. Social Action to shift its resources and institutional change
to respond to inequality and deprivation
61. What method of community organization intervention is
applicable in this setting?
a. Community Organizing to develop and empower the
leaders of St. Rosario
b. Social Planning and advocacy so that people can have
opportunities
c. Locality Development to develop community
solidarity and competence
d. Social Action to shift its resources and institutional change
to respond to inequality and deprivation
62. You are the new Social Worker assigned to facilitate the organizing
process in Barangay Sto. Rosario, and that you have chosen specific
intervention (please refer to no. 61), what basic strategy would you
apply?
a. Call a barangay officers’ meeting and let them know of your presence
that would help the people solve their problems
b. Form a core group and facilitate a planning process to mobilize people
to a dialogue with the local government and other agencies concerned
so that people’s problem are heard
c. Gather data about their problems and needs and decide what course
of action suited to the people of Sto. Rosario
d. Participatory action planning in determining solutions and solving their
own problems and needs.
62. You are the new Social Worker assigned to facilitate the organizing
process in Barangay Sto. Rosario, and that you have chosen specific
intervention (please refer to no. 61), what basic strategy would you
apply?
a. Call a barangay officers’ meeting and let them know of your presence
that would help the people solve their problems
b. Form a core group and facilitate a planning process to mobilize people
to a dialogue with the local government and other agencies concerned
so that people’s problem are heard
c. Gather data about their problems and needs and decide what course
of action suited to the people of Sto. Rosario
d. Participatory action planning in determining solutions and
solving their own problems and needs.
63. What is the presenting problem of Brgy. Sto
Rosario?
a. The presence of loaning systems
b. Brgy. Sto. Rosario is very far from the town
proper
c. The land security problem
d. No opportunities for employment and no regular
income
63. What is the presenting problem of Brgy. Sto
Rosario?
a. The presence of loaning systems
b. Brgy. Sto. Rosario is very far from the town
proper
c. The land security problem
d. No opportunities for employment and no
regular income
64. From the case presented, Brgy. Sto. Rosario is a:
a. Community of happy people with simple lifestyles that
needs little improvement.
b. The residents are transients hence, anytime they can
go.
c. The families are poor and do not meet the standards
of economic well-being.
d. Community of self-reliant neighborhood and
determined farmers.
64. From the case presented, Brgy. Sto. Rosario is a:
a. Community of happy people with simple lifestyles that
needs little improvement.
b. The residents are transients hence, anytime they can
go.
c. The families are poor and do not meet the
standards of economic well-being.
d. Community of self-reliant neighborhood and
determined farmers.
65. Providing opportunities for potential
leaders of Brgy. Sto. Rosario to develop their
social awareness and skills is a:
a. Process goals
b. Task goals
c. Personal goals
d. Organizational goals
65. Providing opportunities for potential
leaders of Brgy. Sto. Rosario to develop their
social awareness and skills is a:
a. Process goals
b. Task goals
c. Personal goals
d. Organizational goals
GOALS OR OBJECTIVE OF CO – ARTHUR DUNHAM

Relationship - Changing certain types of relationships and

decision making process in community by diffusing power to a
wider base.
Ex: wider cooperation and understanding thru collaborative and
joint efforts, developing interrelationship and support with one
another

Process - concerned with the process of helping people to

strengthen quality of participation, self direction and cooperation.
Ex: motivate people to be aware of their problems/needs.
GOALS OR OBJECTIVE OF CO – ARTHUR DUNHAM

Tasks - concerned with concrete tasks to be undertaken to

meet the specific needs and people aspiration or resolve
particular problem.
Ex: Assessment of community thru data gathering, help
community to analyze problem
66. A climate of camaraderie and
concern which facilitates openness and
trust among members is a:
a. Organizational development
b. Relationship goals
c. Task goals
d. Process goals
66. A climate of camaraderie and
concern which facilitates openness and
trust among members is a:
a. Organizational development
b. Relationship goals
c. Task goals
d. Process goals
GOALS OR OBJECTIVE OF CO – ARTHUR DUNHAM

Relationship - Changing certain types of relationships and

decision making process in community by diffusing power to a
wider base.
Ex: wider cooperation and understanding thru collaborative and
joint efforts, developing interrelationship and support with one
another

Process - concerned with the process of helping people to

strengthen quality of participation, self direction and cooperation.
Ex: motivate people to be aware of their problems/needs.
GOALS OR OBJECTIVE OF CO – ARTHUR DUNHAM

Tasks - concerned with concrete tasks to be undertaken to

meet the specific needs and people aspiration or resolve
particular problem.
Ex: Assessment of community thru data gathering, help
community to analyze problem
67. There are potential leaders in the
community of Sto. Rosario that can easily
influence others. What is this group?
a. The teachers
b. The BHW
c. The farmers
d. The youth
67. There are potential leaders in the
community of Sto. Rosario that can easily
influence others. What is this group?
a. The teachers
b. The BHW
c. The farmers
d. The youth
68. The role of worker in the initial phase of the community
organizing in Sto. Rosario is:
a. Advocators of change to get the people involved in their
land issue
b. Facilitator of meetings and discussions to build people’s
awareness
c. Motivator to encourage people to participate in the
problem solving process
d. Active listener to people’s stories and experiences
68. The role of worker in the initial phase of the community
organizing in Sto. Rosario is:
a. Advocators of change to get the people involved in their
land issue
b. Facilitator of meetings and discussions to build people’s
awareness
c. Motivator to encourage people to participate in the
problem solving process
d. Active listener to people’s stories and experiences
69. The task of a development worker is to seek not only not
to improve the conditions and quality of the life of Sto.
Rosario but also to:
a. Encourage people to strive harder to cope up to the
current situation
b. Focus on the varied livelihood projects to improve their
economic status
c. Response to people’s needs through resource
mobilization and employment
d. Enable the community to deal creatively with its own
problem
69. The task of a development worker is to seek not only not
to improve the conditions and quality of the life of Sto.
Rosario but also to:
a. Encourage people to strive harder to cope up to the
current situation
b. Focus on the varied livelihood projects to improve their
economic status
c. Response to people’s needs through resource
mobilization and employment
d. Enable the community to deal creatively with its own
problem
70. Community organizing can be done in Brgy.
Sto. Rosario and premised on this principle
a. Participation and community collective decision-
making
b. The capacity of the people in dealing with their
problems and needs
c. The process of determining community goals
d. Respect to people’s culture
70. Community organizing can be done in Brgy.
Sto. Rosario and premised on this principle
a. Participation and community collective
decision-making
b. The capacity of the people in dealing with their
problems and needs
c. The process of determining community goals
d. Respect to people’s culture
SITUATION #2:
To provide for meaning participation among indigenous people, the
Department of Social Welfare and Development- Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program conceptualized the Conditional Cash Transfer for the
IPs. This is distinct from the existing Pantawid Program that is presently
being provided since indigenous peoples are involved in identifying,
formulating and planning developmental strategies to be employed
before the approval and implementation of the program. It works within
the policy of IPRA Law and the three main goals articulated in the IPPF:
(1) Empowerment of the IP; (2) Promotion of the IP rights; and (3)
protection from any avoidable adverse effects caused by development
process. (Memorandum Circular 06, Series of 2014, DSWD, 2014)
71. What method of social work best
cater the above need of Ips and the
State?
A. Generalist Method
B. Locality Development
C. Community Organization
D. All of the above
71. What method of social work best
cater the above need of Ips and the
State?
A. Generalist Method
B. Locality Development
C. Community Organization
D. All of the above
72. This refers to communities with marginalized
population physically and socioeconomically
separated from mainstream society and
characterized by physical factors and socio-
economic factors
A. Indigenous People
B. Iterant Indigenous people
C. GIDA
D. All of the above
72. This refers to communities with marginalized
population physically and socioeconomically
separated from mainstream society and
characterized by physical factors and socio-
economic factors
A. Indigenous People
B. Iterant Indigenous people
C. GIDA
D. All of the above
73. This refers to group of people or homogenous societies
identified by self-ascription and ascription by other who have
continually lived as organized community on community
bounded and defined territory and became historically
differentiated from the majority of Filipinos
A. Indigenous People
B. Iterant Indigenous people
C. GIDA
D. All of the above
73. This refers to group of people or homogenous
societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by
other who have continually lived as organized community on
community bounded and defined territory and became
historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos
A. Indigenous People
B. Iterant Indigenous people
C. GIDA
D. All of the above
74. This policy is an expression of the principle of Parens
Patriae where the State has the responsibility to ‘guarantee
the realization of the rights of the indigenous people, taking
into consideration their custom, traditions, values, belief
interests and institutions, and adopt and implement
measures to protect their rights to their ancestral domain.
A. Indigenous Peoples Participation Framework
B. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 - RA 8371
C. Magna Carta for the Rights of Indigenous People
D. All of the above
74. This policy is an expression of the principle of Parens
Patriae where the State has the responsibility to ‘guarantee
the realization of the rights of the indigenous people, taking
into consideration their custom, traditions, values, belief
interests and institutions, and adopt and implement
measures to protect their rights to their ancestral domain.
A. Indigenous Peoples Participation Framework
B. Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 - RA 8371
C. Magna Carta for the Rights of Indigenous People
D. All of the above
75. What model of community
organizing can be used best in this
case?
A. Locality development
B. Social planning
C. Social action
D. All of the above
75. What model of community
organizing can be used best in this
case?
A. Locality development
B. Social planning
C. Social action
D. All of the above
76. To ensure community-wide acceptance and support
among the IP communities, the following steps must be
conducted by community social workers:
A. Orientation of tribal leaders and other community leaders
B. Community immersion and integrations into the rhythm
and temper of the life of the community
C. Establishing partnership with the IP community members
and getting acquainted with their communal practices and
traditions in close coordination with and guidance from IP
tribal leaders
D. All of the above
76. To ensure community-wide acceptance and support
among the IP communities, the following steps must be
conducted by community social workers:
A. Orientation of tribal leaders and other community leaders
B. Community immersion and integrations into the rhythm
and temper of the life of the community
C. Establishing partnership with the IP community members
and getting acquainted with their communal practices and
traditions in close coordination with and guidance from IP
tribal leaders
D. All of the above
77. What competency is required for social
workers working the indigenous
communities?
A. Cultural competence
B. Cultural sensitivity
C. Cultural responsiveness
D. All of the above
77. What competency is required for social
workers working the indigenous
communities?
A. Cultural competence
B. Cultural sensitivity
C. Cultural responsiveness
D. All of the above
78. Which of the following data gathering
activity will be effective in sound planning in
the IP Community?
A. Supply side assessment
B. Rapid situational analysis
C. Mobility assessment
D. All of the above
78. Which of the following data gathering
activity will be effective in sound planning in
the IP Community?
A. Supply side assessment
B. Rapid situational analysis
C. Mobility assessment
D. All of the above
79. This is the type of assessment to be conducted
to determine the availability of facilities and
readiness of the tribal leaders and community to
take part in the services delivery?
A. Supply side assessment
B. Rapid situational analysis
C. Capital assessment
D. All of the above
79. This is the type of assessment to be conducted
to determine the availability of facilities and
readiness of the tribal leaders and community to
take part in the services delivery?
A. Supply side assessment
B. Rapid situational analysis
C. Capital assessment
D. All of the above
80. What role of shall the social worker
take in this project?
A. Community educator
B. Community mobilizer
C. Community facilitator
D. All of the above
80. What role of shall the social worker
take in this project?
A. Community educator
B. Community mobilizer
C. Community facilitator
D. All of the above
SITUATION #3:
The squatter population of Metro Manila alone is
2,703,702 or 30% of its total population. One out of
three residents is therefore a squatter. Squatter
families are fertile breeding grounds for crime,
disease and other social problems. But more than
this, squatting demeans the human being, denies
the squatter child opportunities for growth and
development.
81. Since the squatter problem demands
multi-disciplinary efforts, what particular role
is played by a community worker?
A. Guide
B. Advocate
C. Planner
D. All of the above
81. Since the squatter problem demands
multi-disciplinary efforts, what particular role
is played by a community worker?
A. Guide
B. Advocate
C. Planner
D. All of the above
82. Housing should not be perceived merely as
shelter or roof over one’s head. As a community
worker in a squatter relocation area, you must.
A. Ensure political structure as in place
B. Ensure access to socio-economic facilities and
activities
C.Ensure infra-structure are in place (roads/bridges)
D. All of the above
82. Housing should not be perceived merely as
shelter or roof over one’s head. As a community
worker in a squatter relocation area, you must.
A. Ensure political structure as in place
B. Ensure access to socio-economic facilities and
activities
C.Ensure infra-structure are in place (roads/bridges)
D. All of the above
83. Social workers or community workers are expected to
enhance the social functioning of squatter families. These
can be done through the following except one:
A. Proper motivation to become active participant in the
development process
B. Help families overcome apathy and in difference thru
capability building
C. Advocate for infra-structure project
D. None of the above
83. Social workers or community workers are expected to
enhance the social functioning of squatter families. These
can be done through the following except one:
A. Proper motivation to become active participant in the
development process
B. Help families overcome apathy and in difference thru
capability building
C. Advocate for infra-structure project
D. None of the above
84. The activities of social workers in housing
and squatter relocation are the following
except one
A. Raise funds
B. Provides interventions to squatter families
C. Conduct community survey
D. None of the above
84. The activities of social workers in housing
and squatter relocation are the following
except one
A. Raise funds
B. Provides interventions to squatter families
C. Conduct community survey
D. None of the above
85. If squatter families want to negotiate for
better amenities and services, what particular
model of C.O should be used?
A. Social action
B. Locality development
C. Social planning
D. All of the above
85. If squatter families want to negotiate for
better amenities and services, what particular
model of C.O should be used?
A. Social action
B. Locality development
C. Social planning
D. All of the above
SITUATION #4:
You are a community organizer assigned in a large urban barangay in Mandaluyong City.
This community is strongly stratified by class where the houses on the Southern side are
quite dilapidated, crime is rampant, vital businesses and jobs are scarce, and the
neighborhood is in need of revitalization. Most people in this section make a median
income below the poverty line. The Northern side of the barangay is more affluent. There
are numerous businesses within walking distance, crime has generally remained minimal,
and there is a Barangay Watch program in place. Most of the barangay officials are located
in the Northern side.

Recently, the local news media has exposed an upsurge in crime in the area. A housing
crisis is occurring, drug use in the community is extensive and progressively visible, and
the school district is in shambles after dropout rates have surged and teacher retention has
dwindled. Community members on both the Northern and Southern ends of the barangay
have increasingly expressed concern about the state of their community.
SITUATION #4:
There is a barangay organization in place; but all regular members are upper-
middle class, and most neighborhood projects and initiatives focus on beautifying
the Northern section of town. Community members from the Southern part of
town have recently expressed anger and frustration about their lack of status in
community operations. Local government representatives are deliberating on
whether or not to install a community policing program in the community or to
explore other options. The housing crisis is becoming a wide-scale dilemma, now
affecting the middle class and not simply impoverished community members. All
families are concerned about the poor resources in their schools and the lack of
quality educators. The existing barangay organization now realizes that they
have a crucial role in rallying all community members to address the various
problems facing the community.
86. In facilitating the dividing concerns and
problems of the two parts of the community,
what role shall the community organizer
play?
A. Educator
B. Advocate
C. Mediator
D. All of the above
86. In facilitating the dividing concerns and
problems of the two parts of the community,
what role shall the community organizer
play?
A. Educator
B. Advocate
C. Mediator
D. All of the above
87. What model of community organizing will be
best played by the community organizer to elevate
the problem of the Southern members of the
community?
A. Social planning
B. Locality development
C. Social action
D. All of the above
87. What model of community organizing will be
best played by the community organizer to elevate
the problem of the Southern members of the
community?
A. Social planning
B. Locality development
C. Social action
D. All of the above
88. What is the main problem in this case?
A. The unequal distribution of resources and
opportunities
B. The issue on insecurity, criminality and
drugs
C. The degrading enrolment and education
among the students and youth
D. All of the above
88. What is the main problem in this case?
A. The unequal distribution of resources
and opportunities
B. The issue on insecurity, criminality and
drugs
C. The degrading enrolment and education
among the students and youth
D. All of the above
89. What model of community organizing will
best meet the multi-layered issues in the
community?
A. Social action
B. Social planning
C. Locality development
D. All of the above
89. What model of community organizing will
best meet the multi-layered issues in the
community?
A. Social action
B. Social planning
C. Locality development
D. All of the above
90. As a community organizer, how will you best deal with
the Southern Community?
A. Be careful with dealing with them as there as underlying
problematic elements in the area
B. Be mindful of the long history of oppression and division
amongst the community to effectively understand their
sentiments
C. Be positive and proactive while letting them understand
the sentiments of the Northern community
D. All of the above
90. As a community organizer, how will you best deal with
the Southern Community?
A. Be careful with dealing with them as there as underlying
problematic elements in the area
B. Be mindful of the long history of oppression and
division amongst the community to effectively
understand their sentiments
C. Be positive and proactive while letting them understand
the sentiments of the Northern community
D. All of the above
SITUATION #5:
The landless tobacco farmers have been at the mercy of
influential money lenders or usurers for years. Each planting
season they practically beg for loans to buy needed farm
inputs. Their incomes are not enough for their basic needs. It
is an endless struggle for survival. However, with the help of
an NGO, they began organizing themselves into a people's
organization. They started to learn about the roots of their
dependence and new possibilities for improving their lives.
91. After the initial training and when an adequate
number of people have been attracted to their
common objective, then the organization can be
formalized into a
a. civic organization
b. NGO
c. Political organization
d. Sectoral organization
91. After the initial training and when an adequate
number of people have been attracted to their
common objective, then the organization can be
formalized into a
a. civic organization
b. NGO
c. Political organization
d. Sectoral organization
92. What do you call the initial group of
people to be organized?
a. core group
b. pressure group
c. lead group
d. interest group
92. What do you call the initial group of
people to be organized?
a. core group
b. pressure group
c. lead group
d. interest group
93. Networking when used in working with
communities has one of the following purposes.
a. maximize use of other agencies' resources
b. build alliances for mass actions
c. to ensure enough resources for your clients
d. to avoid committing the same mistakes as other
groups have done
93. Networking when used in working with
communities has one of the following purposes.
a. maximize use of other agencies' resources
b. build alliances for mass actions
c. to ensure enough resources for your clients
d. to avoid committing the same mistakes as other
groups have done
 94. Linking clients to other resources systems require careful
handling. The following guidelines will assist in making referrals,
except one.
a. make promises and reassurance about what other agencies
can do in assisting
b. respect the client's right to self-determination but offer your
recommendation as to which resource is likely to be most
beneficial
c. determine together what resource best matches the needs of the
client
d. ascertain the client's readiness for a referral by eliciting his/her
feelings
 94. Linking clients to other resources systems require careful
handling. The following guidelines will assist in making referrals,
except one.
a. make promises and reassurance about what other
agencies can do in assisting
b. respect the client's right to self-determination but offer your
recommendation as to which resource is likely to be most
beneficial
c. determine together what resource best matches the needs of the
client
d. ascertain the client's readiness for a referral by eliciting his/her
feelings
95. If you were the worker, you may have to present
a course of action to your supervisor regarding your
new work in the community. This would require a
systematic way of mapping out your activities. This
is
a. policy formulation
b. planning
c. diagnosing
d. reporting
95. If you were the worker, you may have to present
a course of action to your supervisor regarding your
new work in the community. This would require a
systematic way of mapping out your activities.
This is
a. policy formulation
b. planning
c. diagnosing
d. reporting
SITUATION #6:
In Sitio Malaa, majority of the residents work in the nearby
public market either as vendors or kargadors. The
vendors are into fish or vegetables vending, paying daily
to a collector for the opportunity to occupy a space in the
sidewalk. Having known each other most have joined a
paluwagan scheme which also serves for mutual aid.
Their income is small and not adequate to meet their basic
needs.
96. Empowerment of the poor should focus
more on their basic needs.
A. Educational opportunities to end the cycle
of poverty
B. Universal health care and insurance
C. Opportunities for sustainable livelihood
D. All of the above
96. Empowerment of the poor should focus
more on their basic needs.
A. Educational opportunities to end the cycle
of poverty
B. Universal health care and insurance
C. Opportunities for sustainable livelihood
D. All of the above
97. A community worker interested in helping
the people increase their income can tap this
specific program.
A. Livelihood support programs
B. Educational assistance
C. Health services
D. Counselling services
97. A community worker interested in helping
the people increase their income can tap this
specific program.
A. Livelihood support programs
B. Educational assistance
C. Health services
D. Counselling services
98. A C.O. worker working in this community
can advocate the following safety nets,
except one.
A. Welfare programs/services
B. Soft loans/no interest loans
C. Free skills training
D. Protection from law-enforcement agencies
98. A C.O. worker working in this community
can advocate the following safety nets,
except one.
A. Welfare programs/services
B. Soft loans/no interest loans
C. Free skills training
D. Protection from law-enforcement
agencies
99. In working with this community, the worker is guided by
her professional values. Examples of these are the following
except one:
A. People have inherent worth and dignity and should
therefore be given due respect
B. People can change and should be provided opportunity to
achieve their potentials
C. People should be directed to solve their problems
D. People’s well-being can be enhanced in accordance with
their capability
99. In working with this community, the worker is guided by
her professional values. Examples of these are the
following except one:
A. People have inherent worth and dignity and should
therefore be given due respect
B. People can change and should be provided opportunity to
achieve their potentials
C. People should be directed to solve their problems
D. People’s well-being can be enhanced in accordance with
their capability
100. You were invited for a planning session with the
LGU, what program will you propose to support the
community sustainable?
A. The LGU to give them daily food support package
B. The LGU to lessen if not, award free rental to the
sidewalk space to the vendors
C. The LGU to start livelihood training for other
employable skills
D. All of the above
100. You were invited for a planning session with the
LGU, what program will you propose to support the
community sustainable?
A. The LGU to give them daily food support package
B. The LGU to lessen if not, award free rental to
the sidewalk space to the vendors
C. The LGU to start livelihood training for other
employable skills
D. All of the above