TPS3705
TPS3705
TPS3705
Year module
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
This tutorial letter contains important information regarding TPS3705
BARCODE
TPS3705: Assignment 50
Unique number:
INTRODUCTION
Dear Student
This tutorial letter contains the portfolio template to be used to complete assignment 50 for TPS3705
(Teaching practice for SP - grades 7 - 9).
Please read the instructions and guidelines carefully and thoroughly before attempting to complete the
portfolio. This portfolio counts 80% of your final mark for TPS3705. Also, read the attachment for information
regarding lesson plans.
Your future and your career depend on quality teaching practice and timely submission of the
portfolio. You must submit the portfolio as soon as you finish your practical teaching period of 25 school
days. Since this is a non-venue-based examination, you are expected to do it every day. In the interest of
quality assessment, we must stagger the submissions so that they do not all come to us for marking at the
end of the year. If you do not complete the portfolio during the Teaching Practice period and do not submit it
on the last day of your teaching practice you will be penalised in the following way: If it reaches us two
weeks late – minus 10%, three weeks late – minus 20%, four weeks late 30% and so on. IT IS YOUR
RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE SURE YOUR PORTFOLIO IS RECEIVED IN GOOD ORDER AND ON TIME.
You might think that these measures are harsh, but we work with huge numbers of portfolios
and expect you to take responsibility for your work and to make sure you follow the guidelines as you are
also expected to instill the same skills to learners.
PLEASE NOTE: The school visit is a very important part of your training as you get advice and support that
is valuable for your preparation as a teacher.
If you have any queries regarding the portfolio (read your tutorial letters before you ask questions),
you can contact me at:
Dr T. Maphumulo
012 4294450 (Work)
[email protected]
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INSTRUCTIONS
This is a non-venue-based exam called a portfolio. It must be completed each day you are at school (every
day). You should learn as much as possible from your mentor and other teachers as well as from the learners.
During Teaching Practice (TP), you are expected to comply with all the school rules and policies e.g., leave
policy, code of conduct, etc. Read this document thoroughly before you start your TP. For this module, you
can do TP at a school in grades 7-9.
This document is the teaching portfolio template and must please be completed fully and submitted as one
document with comprehensive evidence of each aspect inserted at the appropriate sections. PLEASE DO
NOT ATTACH ALL EVIDENCE AT THE END OR AS A SEPARATE SECTION.
This portfolio is structured, and you must use the portfolio template we provided. All aspects of the portfolio
are compulsory except where it is indicated that something can be included for additional marks. You are
expected to complete all activities for each aspect of the portfolio that is compulsory.
Where applicable you must include documentary evidence. Attach the evidence to the appropriate section
in the portfolio. For instance, if you want to include a copy of the school’s disciplinary code you attach it
where the disciplinary code is discussed.
The portfolio also includes lesson plans that you must complete and present. You can present as many
lessons as you can at the school but at least five of these lessons need to be assessed by your mentor.
Mentors will give you a mark and feedback and will sign the assessments. You also need to get the assessed
lesson plans stamped with the official school stamp.
After completing the portfolio, you need to sign the declaration form at the end, and you must also get it signed
by the mentor and the school principal. This also needs to be stamped with the official school stamp.
Complete your portfolio electronically and submit it online. The electronic template is available online. All
online assignments and online portfolios must be submitted as PDF documents. NO WORD DOCUMENTS
WILL BE ACCEPTED. After submitting it, please check that everything was downloaded and that it appears
correctly on the system. PLEASE DO NOT SUBMIT ANY OTHER DOCUMENTS IN THE PORTAL FOR THE
PORTFOLIO SUBMISSION. MAKE SURE ALL YOUR INFORMATION IS IN THE PORTFOLIO BEFORE
SUBMITTING IT. No additional information can be added later. DO NOT SUBMIT THE INCORRECT
PORTFOLIO IN THE PORTAL MEANT FOR ANOTHER MODULE.
Always keep a backup of your portfolio. I have heard all the hard luck stories (some true and some very
innovative inventions) about laptops being stolen from cars, homes, and everywhere else you can think of,
and from crashed computers, viruses, etc. These things happen, and you should KEEP BACKUPS ALL THE
TIME.
If you add substantial amounts of colorful, interesting, and credible evidence you must please reduce the size
of your artifacts to keep within the maximum size of documents that can be submitted online.
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Marks will be deducted when sections of the portfolio are not complete. That goes for all sections not
completed fully and comprehensively in the portfolio. It is virtually impossible to make any changes or
additions after submission and we need enough time to do quality assessment. If you do your bit and follow
the guidelines, I promise you that I will do everything in my power to assist you with challenges regarding
your teaching practice and your portfolios that might crop up.
The following could be reasons why students fail their practical teaching: Non-submission, late
submission or failure of assignments, late submission of portfolios, lack of credible evidence, poor
quality of lesson plans, poor quality of answers, failure to complete all sections of the portfolio
comprehensively (including meaningful reflections), cheating (with school stamps, signatures,
copying of the work of other students, submitting the work of teachers instead of your own, not
attending all practical teaching days and failure to submit the stamped and signed supervisor report.
Portfolios are examination equivalents and are not sent back to the students. The portfolio results will be
released in December.
Make sure you view your assignment to confirm that the portfolio has been received by Unisa and is
registered on the assessment system. You can also check this on myUnisa on your student record. If
there are any challenges, contact the assignment section. Do not wait until late and enquire when the
results are out.
You cannot claim later that you did submit your portfolio if you did not receive this
confirmation. If no confirmation is received it means that your submission was not received
by Unisa. You must submit your portfolio online via myUnisa as we do not accept any other method of
submission.
Portfolios are submitted immediately after the TP period completion. This means your due date is based on
when you finish your teaching practice period. No portfolios received after the due date will be marked!
All portfolios received after the due date will not be marked and you will have to re-register your
teaching practice module the following year. Ensure that you send the portfolio on time and that
should be received by Unisa on or before the due date.
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Except for all the other modules you have already completed as preparation for teaching practice and
information already contained in the tutorial letters and the portfolio, it is recommended that you consult
chapter one in the recommended book Teaching Practice Perspectives and Frameworks which you can
request from the library (see tutorial letter 101).
Chapter one is titled “A Positive and Enriching Teaching Practice Experience” and its purpose is to make
available additional information to orientate you regarding teaching practice. It covers topics like why teaching
practice is done, how to prepare for it, how to do your observations, what to expect, and what will be expected
from you, such as student classroom behavior and student school behavior.
It is not essential to your teaching practice but might help to allay some doubts you have and to answer some
questions on things you are not sure of.
One of the biggest challenges students seem to encounter when preparing and presenting their lessons is
the planning and implementation of assessments. Most students lose a lot of marks because of the poor
assessments they include in their lesson plans and some just do not complete the assessment sections. This
is even though they completed the “Teacher as assessor” module successfully.
Assessment in practical teaching. Practical advice is given regarding all the types of assessments you will
encounter at school, and you will also find a section on the assessments you will undergo during teaching
practice.
YOU ARE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO READ BOOKS AND ARTICLES ON TEACHING PRACTICE TO
EQUIP YOU BETTER IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT.
The success of your teaching practice is mostly in your hands and if you approach it with an energetic and
positive attitude it can be a very satisfying and enriching experience. Go and show them out there that you
are going to be a professional teacher when you start teaching!
PORTFOLIO FOCUS
The purpose of this portfolio is to demonstrate and give evidence that you completed a successful teaching
practice period of 25 full school days in the Senior Phase (grades 7-9).
It is therefore important that you find links between school practices (including their associated
activities) and your studies (including disciplinary knowledge and skills). You must do this in every
section of the portfolio.
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This portfolio will have a whole-school perspective (understanding your role as a teacher in the school). As
a student, you are expected to familiarise yourself with the full range of activities that are associated with
a functional school. You not only have to observe these activities but are expected to take part in as many of
them as possible. You are also expected to look at these activities critically and to comment on their purpose,
functionality, outstanding features, and possible shortcomings where applicable.
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Mark one box next to the senior phase subject (grades 7- 9) for which you
prepared this portfolio
MARKERS MUST INDICATE HERE HOW MUCH MUST BE SUBTRACTED BECAUSE OF LATE
SUBMISSION
Minus ................%
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INDEX PAGE
Contents
1. Mentor letter 9
2. Declaration form 11
3. Description of classroom and picture or photo 12
4. Timetables 14
5. Subject annual teaching plan copy 16
6. Classroom management 17
7. Assessment activities 22
8. Marks records sheets 23
9. Class attendance register 24
10. Functionality and governance of the school 25
11. Five lesson plans and evidence 27
12. Assessment of 5 lessons by mentor teacher
13. Reflections by the student on lessons presented and assessed
14. Observations 53
15. Diary 63
16. Reflective journal 64
17. Good practices in your subject 65
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Unisa Supervisor
Internal/External:
Cellphone number:
Student Name:
Signature of supervisor:
1. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
Please hand this letter to your mentor to read on your first day at the school:
Dear mentor
Thank you very much for agreeing to support and guide this student from Unisa. It is only possible
for our students to get acquainted with the realities of teaching under the supervision of experienced
teachers. What you do for our students is irreplaceable and inestimable in their preparation to
become teachers. Could we please request you assist us with the following?
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Please dedicate some time each week to formally meet with the student to discuss her/his progress
during the past week and schedule for the following week. Please allow the student to observe all
the lessons you present and write a short report on 25 of them (as in the report form included in this
portfolio under section 4). Please ensure that this is done regularly.
Please assist the student in working through the portfolio systematically to enable her/him to
comprehensively complete it in the 25 days at the school.
Please ensure that the portfolio is comprehensively completed (including all attachments) at the end
of the 25 days.
Please assist the student with lesson preparation for lessons she/he has to present.
Please assist the student in presenting as many lessons as possible under your
Please assess five of the lessons that must be presented and included in this portfolio.
Please provide feedback and make suggestions for improvement of these five lessons.
Please write a short report on the behavior and activities of the student during the Practical Teaching
period on the following page.
Please include contact details with your report if we need to contact you regarding any aspect of
Practical Teaching (it may also be the school's contact details).
Please contact me if there is any indistinctness regarding what is expected of you or what the student
must do.
Please contact me regarding any misbehaviour or unethical actions by the student (e.g., if the student
comes late or is absent without a good reason if the student does not cooperate, or if the student
does not prepare properly for the lessons).
Thank you very much for your help and the sacrifices you make.
T Maphumulo
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Name: ………………………………………………………………………………….……….…………………….
Was the general conduct of the student irreproachable (on time, conduct according to school
requirements for teachers)?
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Was the level of subject knowledge of the student sufficient for the presentation of lessons?
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Did the student make use of your suggestions and recommendations to improve her/his work?
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Did the student prepare properly when she/he had to present lessons?
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Strong points of the student/ good qualities and good work done:
......................................................................................................................................................................
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Aspects on which students still have to improve to be ready to enter education as a beginner
teacher:
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2. DECLARATION FORM
The purpose of this declaration form is to ensure the authenticity of this portfolio and the practical
teaching it was based. Please complete and sign this declaration form. The mentor teacher and the
school principal should also sign it.
DECLARATION BY STUDENT:
Signature …………………………………………………………
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Classroom – where is the school? (Name school and choose type e.g., urban well-
resourced, rural well-resourced, private well-resourced, urban less well-resourced,
rural less well-resourced, private less well-resourced).
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Available resources and facilities (storero o m , electricity, media such as smart board, computer,
etc.):
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Reflection: Is this classroom a learning space that is conducive to quality teaching and learning
and does it represent a safe and attractive environment? Explain your answer and attach photos or
a sketch to demonstrate your answer.
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4. TIMETABLE
(Show the correct notional / contact time allocated for each subject on the timetable)
(b) Class timetable for the assigned grade e.g., 7 B section only
(c) Personal timetable, (according to the subjects you will teach under the guidance of the
mentor)
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5. SUBJECT: ANNUAL TEACHING PLAN - (ATP)
(a) Complete the ATP during your 25-day TP period (DO NOT ATTACH THE CAPS
document). The ATP can be obtained from the Departmental head, Subject Head, or mentor
teacher. The subject teaching plan MUST have dates of completed activities during your
visit to the school (curriculum coverage) e.g.,
(b) Assess the adequacy of the provided teaching plan in informing new subject teachers about their
expected role within the school. Support your evaluation with explanations and examples.
Furthermore, propose improvements or guidelines for student teachers in your subject area. Identify
and illustrate connections between school practices in your subject and your disciplinary knowledge.
Lastly, evaluate the compatibility between your theoretical teaching knowledge, subject-specific
didactics, and practical teaching experience, providing concrete examples to demonstrate this
alignment.
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6. CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT
The purpose of this part of the portfolio is to familiarise yourself with the classroom
management practices of the teacher where you are placed for your teaching practice and to
reflect on their functionality/ effectiveness.
Describe the classroom management style (from laissez-faire to authoritarian – see your
module on management) of the teacher and reflect on it by answering the following
questions:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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C. Classroom discipline:
Is there a code of behaviour/list of rules for the classroom? Highlight some useful aspects of
it.
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7. ASSESSMENT ACTIVITIES
A. Give examples of assessments conducted by the mentor teacher that you think
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(a) Analyse the results of the assessment conducted, including the number written, the
number passed, the number failed, and the class achievement (average).
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9. CLASS REGISTER
(a) Complete all the fields on your template: Names, and daily attendance of learners.
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(a) Define school governance and explain the key bodies involved in the governance of a
school.
(b) Identify three challenges that schools in disadvantaged communities might face in
terms of governance. Propose strategies that the school leadership could implement to
overcome these challenges and improve functionality.
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11. Teaching in the senior phase – grades 7 to 9 (Observing, planning, presentation, and
linking with studies)
The purpose of this part of the portfolio is to demonstrate your ability to plan and present
your lessons. These model lessons should contain all aspects that are included in the
template provided.
This lesson planning and presentation part of your portfolio is the most important and
counts 60% of your portfolio mark. You are urged to plan and present as many lesson plans
as the school will allow you. For portfolio purposes, you must include five lesson plans that
you developed yourself, each lesson supported by teaching material. The mentor can guide
and assist in the planning, but the final product needs to be your own.
Please make sure that you do the following for each of the five
lessons:
• Fill in the lesson plan template with your planning;
• Present the lesson;
• Request the mentor to assess your presentation and give you a mark
and some feedback;
• Complete the reflection/own assessment template;
• Get the lesson stamped with the official school stamp;
• And attach all media, assessment tasks, etc. that you used as evidence. If
it is too big, for the portfolio, photograph or photocopy it to reduce the
size.
There are five senior phase (grades 7 - 9) lesson plan templates that should be used
in the planning; presentation and assessment of lessons. These templates follow
on the next pages.
PLEASE NOTE: Only lessons for one senior phase subject (your
specialisation/subject didactics) may be submitted for this portfolio. If you submit
lesson plans from any other phase or subject, you will fail this module and will have
to redo it next year.
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Time/Duration: …………………………………………………………………………………......
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4. Teaching Methods (Name and motivate the teaching methods you will be
using in this lesson).
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5. Teaching support aids and learning materials: Aids and materials: (smart board,
PowerPoint slides, overheads, black/green board, DVD, pictures, objects, maps,
models, instruments, textbook, etc.). Attach evidence.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
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Explain what you must prepare to be able to facilitate the lesson (e.g. to prepare for an
experiment you have to set up the instruments).
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2. 2.
3. 3.
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7.3 Assessment: Monitoring the understanding of new subject matter during the lesson.
How will you assess the understanding of new content? Use as an informal
assessment strategy. This is about the understanding of what was learned.
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T P N N N N D A D S F Tt p n
Time/Duration: ...………………………………………………………………………….
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4. Teaching Methods (Name and motivate the teaching methods you will be
using in this lesson).
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5. Teaching support aids and learning materials:
Aids and materials: (smart board, PowerPoint slides, overheads, black/green
board, DVD, pictures, objects, maps, models, instruments, textbook, etc.).
Attach evidence.
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Explain what you must prepare to be able to facilitate the lesson (e.g. to prepare for an
experiment you have to set up the instruments).
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Teacher’s activities (tasks and actions) Learner’s activities (learner participation)
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
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7.3 Assessment: Monitoring the understanding of new subject matter during the lesson.
How will you assess the understanding of new content? Use as an informal
assessment strategy. This is about the understanding of what was learned.
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7.4 Extension tasks/ expanded opportunities: (alternative activities for learners with
learning difficulties and additional activities for fast learners - compulsory).
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Time/Duration: …………………………………………………………………………………….
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4. Teaching Methods (Name and motivate the teaching methods you will be
using in this lesson).
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5. Teaching support aids and learning materials: Aids and materials: (smart
board, PowerPoint slides, overheads, black/green board, DVD, pictures,
objects, maps, models, instruments, textbook, etc.). Attach evidence.
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6 Lesson preparation before presentation
Explain what you must prepare to be able to facilitate the lesson (e.g., to prepare for an
experiment you have to set up the instruments).
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Teacher’s activities (tasks and actions) Learner’s activities (learner participation)
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
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7.3 Assessment: Monitoring the understanding of new subject matter during the lesson.
How will you assess the understanding of new content? Use as an informal
assessment strategy. This is about the understanding of what was learned.
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7.4 Extension tasks/ expanded opportunities: (alternative activities for learners with
learning difficulties and additional activities for fast learners - compulsory).
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SUBJECT LESSON PLAN 4
Time/Duration: …………………………………………………………………………………….
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4. Teaching Methods (Name and motivate the teaching methods you will be
using in this lesson).
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5. Teaching support aids and learning materials: Aids and materials: (smart
board, PowerPoint slides, overheads, black/green board, DVD, pictures, objects,
maps, models, instruments, textbook, etc.). Attach evidence.
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6 Lesson preparation before the presentation
Explain what you must prepare to be able to facilitate the lesson (e.g., to prepare for an
experiment you have to set up the instruments).
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2. 2.
3. 3.
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7.3 Assessment: Monitoring the understanding of new subject matter during the lesson.
How will you assess the understanding of new content? Use as an informal
assessment strategy. This is about the understanding of what was learned.
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7.4 Extension tasks/ expanded opportunities: (alternative activities for learners with
learning difficulties and additional activities for fast learners - compulsory).
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Time/Duration: …………………………………………………………………………………….
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4. Teaching Methods (Name and motivate the teaching methods you will be
using in this lesson).
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5. Teaching support aids and learning materials: Aids and materials: (smart
board, PowerPoint slides, overheads, black/green board, DVD, pictures, objects,
maps, models, instruments, textbook, etc.). Attach evidence.
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6 Lesson preparation before presentation
Explain what you must prepare to be able to facilitate the lesson (e.g. to prepare for an
experiment you have to set up the instruments).
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Teacher’s activities (tasks and actions) Learner’s activities (learner participation)
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
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7.3 Assessment: Monitoring the understanding of new subject matter during the lesson.
How will you assess the understanding of new content? Use as an informal
assessment strategy. This is about the understanding of what was learned.
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7.4 Extension tasks/ expanded opportunities: (alternative activities for learners with
learning difficulties and additional activities for fast learners - compulsory).
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12. ASSESSMENT OF 5 LESSONS BY MENTOR TEACHER
1=partially achieved
Dates:
0 = not achieved
/20 /20 /20 /20 /20
CATEGORY CRITERIA
Planning and Aims and objectives
writing out the (clear and achievable)
lesson The lesson is in line
with
Introductory curriculum of
Beginning requirements
lesson
phase Linking with prior
knowledge
Authentic examples
Capture attention and
interest
Middle phase Revealing the new
(Learners must content (effectiveness)
be brought into Teaching and learning
contact with new activities
content and (appropriateness)
must interact Formative assessment
with it) (effectiveness)
End phase Concluding discussion
and formative/summative
assessment
Homework (attainable
and relevant)
Expertise Knowledge of the subject
Knows how to teach the
subject
Knowledge and
communication of
subject-specific language
Learning and Integration of LTSMs
teaching support (satisfactory)
material Effectiveness
(satisfactory)
Classroom Atmosphere relaxed
climate and Adequate control by
management the student teacher
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Learner Participation by learner
participation Teacher–learner
(Knows learners interaction
and how they Learner–learner
learn) interaction
Communication Voice control of
and presentation student-teacher:
Feedback to learner
Nonverbal
communication (body
Language,
facial
expressions.)
Self-confidence,
enthusiasm, empathy,
etc.
Work ethic Punctuality,
preparedness,
commitment,
professionalism, etc.
Overall comments
………………………….......................
School Stamp:
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13. Reflections on the lessons presented and assessed by the mentor
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14. LESSON OBSERVATION
Teacher-learner Relationship:
Learner-to-learner relationships:
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15. DIARY
Write at least a paragraph per day regarding the activities you are involved in and their
importance in your learning to become a teacher.
Record all the events of 25 days that occurred inside and outside the classroom. Show 25 days as
they appear on the calendar.
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At the end of the 25 days of practical teaching, you are expected to reflect on your practice by
writing a report of 600 words on the whole experience in terms of its contribution to your
preparation as a teacher. You may also make suggestions on what can be done to improve the
practical teaching experience to make sure it is useful and meaningful.
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17. GOOD PRACTICES ABOUT THE SUBJECT
Describe practices about the subject that you consider good and helpful to the teachers (to support them,
to make things easier, to make things run smooth) and to ensure quality teaching, assessment, and
learning, to support learners, to involve parents, etc.
Reflection: Describe good practices about the subject related to the accommodation of student teachers
for practical teaching that ensures a positive and meaningful experience for them.
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Are there any subject improvement plans? Attach a copy and describe practices at the school
that you think can be improved (you may complete this section after the mentor and school
principal sign your portfolio so that you can be honest about it).
Reflection: Describe how the school mentor teachers might go about accommodating
student teachers for practical teaching to ensure a meaningful and positive learning
experience for them.
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ASSESSMENT GRID/RUBRIC
CRITERIA Lecturer’s
marks
1. Mentor teacher page Completed Report COMPULSORY
No
declaration,
no mark for
the portfolio
11. Five lesson plans and evidence Each fully completed lesson plan /100
20x5 =100
/50
Attach LTSM evidence 10x5 =50
12.. Assessment report on 5 lessons assessed by mentor 4x5 =20 /20
teacher
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SUB-TOTAL /500
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ATTENDANCE REGISTER OF STUDENT TEACHER AT SCHOOL
Please note that this register should be completed daily by the student and the school-based mentor. The principal is
expected to sign this register at the end of the teaching practice period, and the register must be submitted by
the student as part of his/her portfolio.
Student number:………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name of school:……………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
Address:………………………………………………………..…………………..…………………………………..
Contact details:………………………………………………………………………………………………..….……
E-mail:………………………………………………………………………………..…………….………………
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
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Week 4
Week 5
Date: …………………………………………………
Signature: …………………………………………………
School stamp
This attendance register must be completed in full and returned as part of your portfolio.
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ADDENDUM: GUIDELINES FOR LESSON PLANNING
DO NOT SEND THE ADDENDUM WITH THE
PORTFOLIO – DELETE/CUT PAGES 72 - 74
There are numerous types of lessons, each requiring unique planning, method of presentation,
aids, and so on. Each lesson must be carefully planned so that, as a teacher, you will be well
prepared to present or facilitate the lesson. To assist you with this, we shall deal briefly with a few
aspects of lesson planning.
Introduction
What you do here will depend largely on the type of lesson presented, the subject matter to be
covered, the learning activities planned for learners, and so on. Try to focus the learners'
attention o n t h e theme by the recall of existing knowledge, surprising, t h e m , o r d o i n g
something unusual (or letting them do something unusual). Try to make them want to know
more or want to master a skill. This will launch the learners on a voyage of discovery, to which
they will look forward with anticipation.
The main part of the lesson / new knowledge/skills and values/learning opportunities
This should contain an indication of the type of lesson (or a combination of various types) that is
planned, and the activities of both teacher and learners should be set out. The following are a
few of the types of lessons you could consider:
Question-and-answer
lesson
This type of lesson features questions, that the learners are required to answer. Avoid this
where possible, unless you combine it with the screening of a video, slides/transparencies,
photos, or similar aids on which the learners are questioned (or can ask questions) about what
they have seen or observed.
You could also make this type of lesson interesting by holding a quiz (preferably in teams
to avoid hurting the slow learners' pride). It is also a good way of revising.
Practical
lesson
This type of lesson requires the learners to undertake some other kind of practical activity.
Activities could take the form of:
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• works on a project together and produces a final product.
• an activity i n v o l v i n g both class and teacher (teacher participates) such as
drawing a map together or making a sand model.
Role-playing
During this type of lesson, the teacher assumes the role or character of someone else and asks
the learners to similarly play the parts of other characters. It could involve simply giving a visual
representation of events or it could take the form of a dialogue, a debate, a narrative, etcetera.
For example, someone (including the learners) could dress up in period costume and play the
part (parts) of a historical character like Vasco de Gama - dialogue may be (prepared and)
included.
Learner-centered presentation
In this type of lesson, the focus is on learners who, as it were, provide the contents of the lesson.
All the teacher does is complement, guide, and correct where necessary. (This may naturally also
be seen as a practical lesson.)
An example of this type of lesson is that in which learners prepare to "show and tell" by bringing
along something that is related to the theme. They then recite/tell/explain something about the
object.
Debate
This type of lesson features two groups debating the merits of an issue (which could be an issue
that directly affects them). Of course, such a lesson requires thorough preparation and the
maintenance of discipline or control. It is particularly appropriate for a discussion of values.
Outdoor lesson
The aim of an outdoor lesson is not simply to vary things for learners, but also to illustrate/do
something which would be difficult to accomplish inside a classroom. On the grounds of a school,
there are always signs of erosion and climatological activity (such as wind, clouds, and
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precipitation).
Excursions/fieldwork
Facts taught during a lesson or series of lessons are applied or observed in practice. Examples
would be visits to a natural phenomenon, a mine, or an industry, cleaning a polluted stream,
recording data, and soon.
Narrative lesson
In this type of lesson, the subject matter is conveyed using a narrative. While this could be
very boring (particularly to older learners), it could be made highly interesting with the use of
attractive teaching aids. Finger or hand puppets increase the interest in a narrative (especially
for young learners), but slides, photos, pictures et cetera can be equally useful (particularly for
older learners).
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Discussion lesson
This type of lesson takes the form of a discussion of a theme/issue/problem by learners and
teachers. It works especially well with older learners when the discussion is about a matter which
affects their daily lives and about which they have something to say (the more controversial the
better since this elicits a greater variety of views and opinions). This calls for very thorough
preparation on the part of teachers if they are to guide the lesson successfully.
We are deliberately not discussing every type of lesson here, to give you the freedom to research
and use other types on your own. For instance, you could consider group work, panel
discussions, case studies, experimentation, guided discovery, and numerous others.
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Teachers should see to it that all teaching aids necessary for presenting the lesson or which
learners will need to complete their activities are available and that the apparatus to be used is in
working condition. Explain what the relevant teaching aid is and how it will be used.
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