Dear Learner,

Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.

As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Rajesh)
Course Coordinator, MST-011
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9416413104/8860416548
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-011/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-011

COURSE TITLE: REAL ANALYSIS, CALCULUS AND GEOMETRY

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-011: Real Analysis, Calculus and Geometry
Course Code: MST-011
Assignment Code: MST-011/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. Solve the following problems.

(a) If f is a function from set X to a set Y then is it possible f (3) = 5, (3) = − 5?

where 3  X and 5, − 5  Y
(b) In R we have a built-in data set “trees”. A screenshot of the last four rows together with the R
code to obtain it is given as follows. To get more detail about this data set you can run ?trees
command on R console.

Note that all the three variables of this data set are numeric. So, assuming each row of this
data set is a point in 3-dimension. Find the distances between the points corresponding to the
28th and the 32st rows using the Manhattan and Chebyshev distance formula.

(c) Find the equation of a line passing through points A(0, 0, 1) and B(1, 1, 0). Also, find the
coordinates of a point on this line which is at a distance of 10 units from point A opposite to
the side of point B.
(2 + 3 + 5)
2. If f :[0, 5] → be a function defined by f (x) = 2x 2 + 3x + 5, x  [0, 5]. Show that f is Riemann
integrable using both definitions. Also, verify that the results of both definition match. (20)

3. (a) Evaluate the integral  e

4x + 5y
dx dy, where D = (x, y) : x  0, y  0, x + y  3 , by considering D
D
as a region of Type I and then as a region of Type II.
10
dx
(b) Evaluate the integral 
0 10x − x 2
using beta and gamma functions. (14 + 6)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Rajesh)
Course Coordinator, MST-012
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9416413104/8860416548
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-012/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-012

COURSE TITLE: PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-012: Probability and Probability Distributions
Course Code: MST-012
Assignment Code: MST-012/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. (a) Suppose two friends Anjali and Prabhat trying to meet for a date to have lunch say between
2 pm to 3 pm. Suppose they follow the following rules for this meeting:

• Each of them will arrive either on time or 12 minutes late or 24 minutes late or 36 minutes
late or 48 minutes late or 1 hour late. All these arrival times are equally likely for both of
them.

• Whoever of them reaches first will wait for the other to meet only for 10 minutes. If within
10 minutes the other does not reach, he/she leaves the place and they will not meet.
Find the probability of their meeting.

(b) In the study learning material (SLM), you have seen many situations where Poisson
distribution is suitable and discussed some examples of such situations. Create your own
example for a situation other than those that are discussed in SLM. If you denote your
created random variable by X then find the probability that X is less than 2.
(8 + 17)
2. In an election there are two candidates. Being a statistician, you are interested in predicting
the result of the election. So, you plan to conduct a survey. Using the learning skill of this
course answer the following question. How many people should be surveyed to be at least
90% sure that the estimate is within 0.03 of the true value? (25)

3. Explain the procedure of assigning probability in the discrete world of probability theory. (25)

4. If X ~ Gamma ( ,  ) and Y ~ Gamma (,  ) be two independent gamma distributions and

X
U= and V = X + Y then find the distribution of U. (25)
X+Y
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Prof. Manish Trivedi)

Course Coordinator, MST-013
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-013/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-013

COURSE TITLE: SURVEY SAMPLING AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS-I

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-013: Survey Sampling and Design of Experiments-I
Course Code: MST-013
Assignment Code: MST-013/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in
support of your answer: (5×2=10)

(a) Vopt ( x st ) lies between Vprop (x st ) and VRandom (x st ).

(b) The total number of all possible samples of size 3 without replacement from a
population of size 7 is 21.

(c) While analysing the data of a 5 × 5 Latin Square design the d.f. for ESS is equal
to 16.

(d) In a Two-way Analysis of Variance test with 5 observations per cell having 4
blocks and 4 treatments the degree of freedom for the total variation is 64.

(e) The probability of selection of a sample of n from the population by SRSWOR is

1 / N.
2(a) A sample of 100 employees is to be drawn from a population of collages A and B. The
population means and population mean squares of their monthly wages are given
below:

Village Ni Xi Si2

Collage A 400 60 20
Collage B 200 120 80

Draw the samples using Proportional and Neyman allocation techniques and compare.
Obtain the sample mean and variances for the Proportional Allocation and SRSWOR
for the given information. Then Find the percentage gain in precision of variances of
sample mean under the Proportional Allocation over the that of SRSWOR.
(15)
(b) A population consists of 10 villages with a total of 212 households. The second column
of the accompanying table shows the number of households corresponding to each
village. Select a PPS with replacement sample of 6 villages by using the Cumulative
Total method:

Village 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of 35 28 20 25 30 19 10 12 18 15
Households

(10)
3(a) In a population of size N = 5, the values of the population characteristics are 1, 3, 5, 7,
9, a sample of size 2 is drawn. Verify that y is an unbiased estimate of Y and V( y) is
equal to
N−n 2
V(y) = S . (12)
N.n
(b) In order to compare the mileage yields of 3 kinds of Gasoline, several tests were run,
and the following results were obtained:
Gasoline A: 19 21 20 18 21 21

Gasoline B: 23 20 22 20 24 23

Gasoline C: 20 17 21 19 20 17

Carry out the Analysis of Variance test and test whether there is significant differences
between the average mileage of 3 kinds of gasoline at 5% level of significance.
(8)
4(a) A manurial trial with six levels of Farmyard Manure (FYM) was carried out in a
randomised block design with 4 replications at the experimental station Junagarh with
a new study the rate of decomposition of organic matters in soil and its synthetic
capacity in soil on cotton crop. The yield per plot in kg for different levels of FYM and
replications is given below:
Cotton Yield Per Plot (in Kg)
Levels Replications
of FYM I II III IV
1 6.90 4.60 4.40 4.81
2 6.48 5.57 4.28 4.45
3 6.52 7.60 5.30 5.30
4 6.90 6.65 6.75 7.75
5 6.00 6.18 6.50 5.50
6 7.90 7.57 6.80 6.62

Carry out the Analysis of Variance test and draw the conclusions. (15)
(b) For the given data the yield of the treatment 2 in 3rd block is missing. Estimate the
missing value and analyse the data.

Treatments Blocks
I II III IV
1 105 114 108 109
2 112 113 Y 112
3 106 114 105 109
(10)

5(a) The following data is the data pertaining to a feeding trial on sheep. Treatments
A: Grazing only
B: Grazing + Maize Supplements
C: Grazing + Maize + Protein Supplement P1
D: Grazing + Maize + Protein Supplement P2
E: Grazing + Maize + Protein Supplement P3
Layout and Wool Yield (100 gm) is given as:

32(D) 33(E) 30(C) 28(B) 24(A)

51(C) 45(D) 41(A) 45(E) 29(B)
 41 (E) 29 (A) 24 (B) 36 (D) 35 (C)
38 (B) 39(C) 42(E) 23(A) 37(D)
38(A) 24(B) 21(D) 29(C) 26(E)

Analyse the design with appropriate method and calculate the Critical Difference for
the treatment mean yield. (15)
(b) In a class of Statistics, total number of students is 30. Select the linear and circular
systematic random samples of 12 students. The age of 30 students is given below:
Age: 22 25 22 21 22 25 24 23 22 21 20
21 22 23 25 23 24 22 24 24 21 20
23 21 22 20 20 21 22 25
(5)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Prabhat Kumar Sangal)

Course Coordinator, MST-014
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9013873713
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-014/TMA/2025

NAME: _______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: ___________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: __________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-014

COURSE TITLE: STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AND TIME SERIES ANALYSIS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: _________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-014: Statistical Quality Control and Time Series
Course Code: MST-014
Assignment Code: MST-014/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. (a) State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reason in support of
your answer: (5×2=10)
(i) The R- chart is suitable when subgroup size is greater than 10.
(ii) In single sampling plan, if we increase acceptance number then the OC curve will be
steeper.
(iii) If the effect of summer and winter is not constant on the sale of AC then we use the
additive model of the time series.
(iv) If a researcher wants to find the relationship between today’s unemployment and
that of 5 years ago without considering what happens in between then the partial
autocorrelation is the better way in comparison to autocorrelation.
(v) A system has four components connected in parallel configuration with reliability 0.2,
0.4, 0.5, 0.8. To improve the reliability of the system most, we have to replace the
component which reliability is 0.2.
(b) Differentiate between the autoregressive and moving average models of time series.
(10)
2 A manufacturer of men’s jeans purchases zippers in lots of 500. The jeans manufacturer
uses single-sample acceptance sampling with a sample size of 10 to determine whether
to accept the lot. The manufacturer uses c = 2 as the acceptance number. Suppose 3%
nonconforming zippers are acceptable to the manufacturer and 8% nonconforming zippers
are not acceptable. Find
(i) Probability of accepting a lot of incoming quality 0.04.
(ii) Average outing quality (AOQ), if the rejected lots are screened and all defective
zippers are replaced by non-defectives.
(iii) Average total inspection (ATI). (20)
3 A system has seven independent components and reliability block diagram of it shown as
follows:

Find reliability of the system. (20)

4. At a call centre, callers have to wait till an operator is ready to take their call. To monitor
this process, 5 calls were recorded every hour for the 8-hour working day. The data
below shows the waiting time in seconds:
Sample Number
Time
1 2 3 4 5
9 a.m 8 9 15 4 11
10 7 10 7 6 8
11 11 12 10 9 10
12 12 8 6 9 12
1 p.m. 11 10 6 14 11
 2 7 7 10 4 11
3 10 7 4 10 10
4 8 11 11 11 7
(i) Use the data to construct control charts for mean and comments about the
process. If process is out of control, then calculate the revised control limits.
(ii) If the specification limits as the 8±2, then calculate the process capability index
Cpk and impetrate the result.
(20)
5. Consider the time series model
y=
t 10 + 0.5y t −1 − 0.8y t − 2 + ε t

where ε t  N [0,1]

(i) Is this a stationary time series?

(ii) What are the mean and variance of the time series?
(iii) Calculate the autocorrelation function.
(iv) Plot the correlogram. (20)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Taruna Kumari)

Course Coordinator, MST-015
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-015/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-015

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO R SOFTWARE

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-015: INTRODUCTION TO R SOFTWARE
Course Code: MST-015
Assignment Code: MST-015/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 50

Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. Attempt the following:
(a) Write the output of the following statements:
(i) rep(x=c(T,F,T,F), times=c(2,1,2,3))
(ii) 5%/%3; diag(3)
(b) Differentiate between the use of the sep and collapse arguments of the paste()
function.
(c) Write R commands to create a bar plot of the following data by using arguments of
the used function for filling up the bars and to give labels to the axis:
5, 10, 8, 7, 8, 5, 8, 7, 5, 8, 9, 6, 8, 8, 8
(d) Check whether the given loop is finite or infinite. If infinite, do the necessary changes
in the written loop to make it finite.
x<-0
repeat{
print(x^2)
x<-x+1
if(x<5) print(x) }
(1×3+2=5)
2. The following data relates to the number of items produced per shift by two workers for
a number of days.
Worker A 19 22 24 27 24 18

Worker B 26 37 40 35 NA NA

(a) Write R command to create a list named LT with worker’s data. Also, after creating
the list, do the following tasks:
(i) Use a suitable loop function to compute the mean of number of items
produced by each worker in a single line command.
(ii) Extract the worker A data from it by using two different approaches.
(b) Write R command to create a data frame named DF with worker’s data and do the
following tasks:
(i) Use suitable function to remove NA from the data and then create a scatter
plot.
(ii) Write the known data obtained in step (i) to a .txt file named “WORK”.
(8+7=15)
3. Write R commands to:
(a) Create a function to compute ranks (in case of tied ranks) of the given data.

(b) Create a date object named Ddata consisting of the following dates.
26Jan2023, 15Aug2023, 02Oct2023, 05Sep2023
(c) Create an array of two dimension with following elements.
 −2 4
� 0 1�
9 2
Also, extract the row shown in the rectangular box.
(d) Create the graph of the following function.
f(x)
= x , -5 ≤ x ≤ 5
(4x3+3=15)
4. (a) Create following two matrices A and B with following elements.
 1 2  −3 1 
=A = , B  
 0 1  2 −1
Write R commands to do the following tasks:
(i) Multiply the two matrices.
(ii) Combine the two matrices row-wise.
(iii) Create a function that computes the following expression:
A2+3*B
(b) Create a data frame named RData consisting of the following data:

Write R commands to:

(i) Compute the group wise means of x, y and z according to the groups
defined by w column using apply family function.
(ii) Sort RData according the y column of it.
(8+7=15)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Prabhat Kumar Sangal)

Course Coordinator, MST-016
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9013873713
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-016/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-016

COURSE TITLE: STATISTICAL INFERENCE

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: _________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-016: Statistical Inference
Course Code: MST-016
Assignment Code: MST-016/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. (a) State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reasons in support of
your answer: (5×2=10)
(i) If X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 is a random sample of size 5 taken from an Exponential
distribution, then estimator T1 is more efficient than T2.
X1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 4 + X 5 X1 + 2X 2 + 3X 3 + 4X 4 + 5X 5
=T1 = , T2
5 15
(ii) If T1 and T2 are two estimators of the parameter θ such that Var(T1) = 1/n and
Var(T2) = n then T1 is more efficient than T2.
(iii) A 95% confidence interval is smaller than a 99% confidence interval.
(iv) If the probability density function of a random variable X follows F-distribution is
1
f (x) = ,x ≥ 0
(1 + x ) 2
then degrees of freedom of the distribution will be (2,2).
(v) A patient suffering from fever reaches to a doctor and suppose the doctor
formulates the hypotheses as
H0: The patient is a chikunguniya patient
H1: The patient is not a chikunguniya patient
If the doctor rejects H0 when the patient is actually a chikunguniya patient, then
the doctor commits type II error.

(b) Describe the various forms of the sampling distribution single mean. (10)

2 A baby-sister has 6 children under her supervision. The age of each child is as follows:

Child Age (in years)

Sonu 2
Lavnik 4
Chiya 3
Amam 3
Avishi 4
Ridhi 5
Sidhi 3
(i) What is the form of population of age of children?
(ii) Prepare the sampling distribution of the sample mean when the sample size is 2.
(iii) Is the shape of the sampling distribution normal?
(iv) Calculate the mean and standard error of the sampling distribution. (20)
3. The department of transportation has mandated that the average speed of cars on
interstate highways be no more than 70 km per hour in order. To check whether the people
 followed it or not, a researcher took a random sample of 186 cars and found that the
average speed was 72 km per hour with a standard deviation 0.6 km per hour.
(i) State null and alternative hypotheses.
(ii) Name the test which is suitable in this situation and why?
(iii) Calculate the value of test statistic and critical value.
(iv) Draw the conclusion on the basis of the applied test. (20)
4 An engineer conducted an experiment to compare two metals: iron and copper, as bonding
agents for an alloy material. Components of the alloy were bonded using the metals as
bonding agents, and the pressures required to break the bonds were measured. The data
for the breaking pressures are given in the following table:

S. Breaking Pressure

No. Iron Copper

1 72.7 73

2 69.6 67.2

3 83.4 75.3

4 78.9 61.4

5 75 74

6 71.6 69.5

7 85.7 69.8

8 73.5 73.8

9 70.4 68

10 84.2 76.1

If the breaking pressures for both iron and copper are normally distributed, are the
variances of the distributions of the breaking pressure of iron and copper equal at 5 %
level of significance? (20)
5. Complete the following table, one is done for you:
S. Test For Name of the Test Statistic
No. Test

1 Population mean when

X −µ
population variance is known Z-test Z=
and population is normal σ/ n

2 Population mean when

population variance is
unknown and population is
normal

3 Difference of two population

means when samples are
paired, and population of
 differences follows normal
distribution.

4 Difference of two population

means when samples are
independent, and population of
differences follows normal
distribution.

5 Population variance when the

population is normal
distributed

6 Population variance when the

population is not normal
distributed

(20)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Neha Garg)

Course Coordinator, MST-017
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-017/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-017

COURSE TITLE: APPLIED REGRESSION ANALYSIS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 MST-017: Applied Regression Analysis
Course Code: MST-017
Assignment Code: MST-017/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100

Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1(a) State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in
support of your answer. (52=10)

(i) We define three indicator variables for an explanatory variable with three
categories.
(ii) If the coefficient of determination is 0.833, the number of observations and
explanatory variables are 12 and 3, respectively, then the Adjusted R2 will be 0.84.
(iii) For a simple regression model fitted on 15 observations, if we have hii = 0.37 ,
then it is an indication to trace the leverage point in the regression model.

(iv) In a regression model Y = 0 + 1X1 + 2 X2 +  , if H0: β1 = 0 is not rejected, then

the variable X1 will remain in the model.
(v) The logit link function is log  − log(1 − π) .

(b) Write a short note on the problem of multicollinearity and autocorrelation. (10)

2 Suppose a researcher wants to evaluate the effect of cholesterol on the blood

pressure. The following data on serum cholesterol (in mg/dL) and systolic blood
pressure (in mm/Hg) were obtained for 15 patients to explore the relationship between
cholesterol and blood pressure:

S. No. Cholesterol (mg/dL) SBP (mm/Hg)

1 300 150
2 410 270
3 380 210
4 530 310
5 570 350
6 490 310
7 340 210
8 320 150
9 280 110
10 550 320
11 340 220
12 350 170
13 410 260
14 390 230
15 450 270

(i) Fit a linear regression model using the method of least squares.
(ii) Construct the normal probability plot for the regression model fitted on serum
cholesterol and systolic blood pressure.
 (iii) Test the significance of the fitted regression model.
(20)

3(a) Explain the assumptions underlying the multiple linear regression model.

(b) For the data given in Question 2(b), obtain the followings:
(i) Diagonal of the hat matrix. Also, check the leverage points, if any.
(ii) Cook’s Distances. Also, verify the influence points, if any.
(6+14)

4 A company conducted a study on its employees to see the relationship of several

variables with an employee’s IQ. For this purpose, fifteen employees were selected,
and an IQ test and five different personality tests were given to them. Each
employee’s IQ was recorded along with scores on five tests. The data are shown in
the following table:

Employee Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 IQ

1 83 80 78 77 67 99
2 73 85 67 80 63 92
3 81 80 71 81 68 94
4 96 86 82 83 56 99
5 84 73 75 75 68 94
6 72 74 71 67 59 79
7 84 79 84 84 69 97
8 54 86 61 69 53 92
9 86 85 79 78 76 94
10 42 71 60 80 56 86
11 83 72 72 78 74 98
12 63 86 65 85 56 83
13 69 76 64 85 61 98
14 81 84 65 79 64 96
15 50 85 71 65 75 76

Determine the most appropriate regression model for the employee’s IQ using a
stepwise approach at a 5 % level of significance and interpret the results. Does the
final regression model satisfy the linearity and normality assumptions?
(20)

5. The following data on the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (where 0 indicates
absence and 1 indicates presence), serum cholesterol (in mg/dl), and weight (in kg)
were obtained for 80 patients to explore the relationship of coronary heart disease
with cholesterol and weight:
Serum Number of Total
S. Cholesterol Weight
Patients Number of
No. (kg)
(mg/dl) having CHD Patients
1 420 60 10 20
2 450 68 15 30
3 400 54 4 15
4 510 74 2 10
5 480 62 1 5
(i) Fit a multiple logistic model for the dependence of coronary heart disease on the
average serum cholesterol and weight considering
βˆ 00 = 4.279, βˆ 10 = −0.035 and βˆ 02 = 0.172 , as the initial values of the parameters
(solve only for one Iteration).
(ii) Test the significance of the fitted model using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test at 5%
level of significance.
(12+8)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Taruna Kumari)

Course Coordinator, MST-018
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-018/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-018

COURSE TITLE: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-018: Multivariate Analysis
Course Code: MST-018
Assignment Code: MST-018/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100

Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in
support of your answer: (5×2=10)
(a) The covariance matrix of random vectors X and Y is symmetric.
 
(b) If X is a p-variate normal random vector, then every linear combination c ′X ,
  
where c p×1 is a scalar vector, is also p-variate normal vector.

 3 −2 
(c) The trace of matrix   is 9.
 −2 6 
(d) If a matrix is positive definite then its inverse is also positive definite.
 2  1 0   −1  1 0  
(e) If X  N2    ,    and Y  N2    ,    , then
   1  0 1     3   0 1 
  1  1 0  
X + Y  N2    ,   .
    1  0 1  
X 
2 (a) Let X =  1  has the following joint density function
  X2 

4x x ,0 < x1 < 1, 0 < x 2 < 1,

f(x1, x 2 ) =  1 2
0 ,otherwise.

Find the marginal distributions, mean vector and variance-covariance matrix. Also,
comment on the independence of X1 and X2.
 −4  2 2 3 0
   
X  (1)
1 2 1 2 0
(b)
=
 X  
(
Let X   (2)  ~ N4 µ, Σ , =)
where µ  =
  4
and Σ
3 2 2 1
. Find the
    
0 0 0 1 1

(  
)  
(
E X(2) X(1) = x(1) and Cov X(2) X(1) = x(1) .

) (10×2=20)

3 (a) Let X be a 3-dimensional random vector with dispersion matrix


 4 −2 0 
 
Σ =  −2 4 0  .
 0 0 2
 
Determine the first principal component and the proportion of the total variability that it
explains.
 3 4 0 0
0
   
−2  0 3 0 0
(b) Let X ~ N4( µ, Σ ) where
, = µ  = and Σ . Check the independence
   1 0 0 2 −2 
   
 −2  0 0 −2 5 
of the (i) X2 and X1 (ii) ( X2 , X4 ) and ( X1 , X3 ) (iii) ( X1 , X2 ) and ( X3 , X4 ).
(10×2=20)
4 (a) Consider the following data of 11 samples on 8 variables by Anscombe, Francis J.
(1973):

x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4
10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58
8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76
13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71
9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84
11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47
14 14 14 8 9.96 8.10 8.84 7.04
6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25
4 4 4 19 4.26 3.10 5.39 12.50
12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56
7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91
5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89

 x1   y1 
   
x y
If the vector x =  2  and y =  2  , then obtain the sample covariance matrix
  x3    y3 
   
 x4   y4 
between x and y .
 
Source: Anscombe, Francis J. (1973). Graphs in statistical analysis. The American Statistician, 27, 17–
21. doi: 10.2307/2682899.

(b) Obtain the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean vector and variance-covariance
matrix of the multivariate normal distribution.
(15+10=25)
5 (a) Define the following:
(i) Covariance Matrix
(ii) Mahalanobis D2
(iii) Hotelling’s T2
(iv) Clustering
(v) Relationship between (ii) and (iii).
 2 5 3 0 


(
(b) If X ~ N3 µ, Σ =

)  
with µ  1 =
  
and Σ
 
 3 3 −2  . Then find the joint distribution of
 0 −2 5 
 2  
X1 + 2X2 , 2X1 − X2 and X3 . (15+10=25)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Rajesh)
Course Coordinator, MST-019
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9416413104/8860416548
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-019/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-019

COURSE TITLE: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL TRIALS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-019: Epidemiology and Clinical Trials
Course Code: MST-019
Assignment Code: MST-019/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. (a) In the natural history of a disease define total preclinical phase, detectable pre-clinical phase
and clinical phase. Suppose on 09 am on 25.01.2024 a disease A onset you biologically.
Suppose a test of disease A can detect it exactly after the completion of 30 days of biological
onset. Suppose signs and symptoms develop exactly after the completion of 34 days of
biological onset. Suppose you consult a doctor exactly after 37 days of the biological onset of
the disease. Suppose the outcome of the treatment is the cure. What is the duration of the (i)
total preclinical phase (ii) detectable pre-clinical phase (iii) clinical phase?

p
(b) If p denotes proportion and q denotes odds then prove that q = . Find the range of q. If
1− p
the odds of smokers in a study are 0.75 then find the proportion of smokers in the study.
Assume that each subject of the study is either a smoker or a non-smoker.

(c) A trial is conducted in which some people with disease X were randomly allocated into two
groups. The first group was advised to do some morning walks for 30 minutes and take light
food each day and the second group was given one injection and one 100 mg tablet once a
day to control disease X. The injection can cause loose motion in some cases and 100 mg
tablet has no side effect. At the end of two months, 90% of group I and 80% of group II had
recovered from disease X.

i) What are the regimens for group I and group II in this trial?
ii) What are the efficacies in group I and group II?
iii) What are the safety issues in group I and group II in this trial?
(4 + 4 + 2)
2. Explain the entire procedure of any one of the three study designs (a) Cross Sectional (b)
Cohort (c) Case Control.
(20)
3. If you are told that hemoglobin (Hb) level in blood measures the iron content. The normal
level in healthy people is around 15 g/dL. Most Indian women have less and some have
even less than 8 g/dL. They are called anemic. Iron supplementation is given to increase
this level. Suppose one supplementation increases the mean Hb level in anemics by 3.2
g/dL, after one month of use and the other by 3.6 g/dL, in an equivalence trial on 500
women each. The respective SD’s of the of the increases are 0.52 and 0.72 g/dL. The
doctors determine that the supplementations can be clinically equivalent if the difference
between the increases by the two supplementations does not exceed 0.52 g/dL. Can these
two supplementations be considered clinically equivalent at 5% level of significance?
. (20)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Prof. Manish Trivedi)

Course Coordinator, MST-020
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-020/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-020

COURSE TITLE: SURVEY SAMPLING AND DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS-II

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-020: Survey Sampling and Design of Experiments-II
Course Code: MST-020
Assignment Code: MST-020/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in support
of your answer: (2×5=10)
a) If X and Y are uncorrelated, the V(Y Re g ) reduces to that of Variance of Ratio Estimator of
Population mean
b) Among all the members of the General Class of the estimators only Regression estimator
is an unbiased estimator of the Population mean.
c) An Incomplete Block Design with the following parameters b = 8,k = 3,  = 8,r = 3 is
found to be a Balanced Incomplete Block Design.
d) A One-half fractional factorial design of a 24 full factorial design will be denoted by a 22
Factorial design.
e) The Cluster estimator y n• becomes an unbiased estimator of population mean only if M i
and Yi• are uncorrelated

2. Suppose we wish to estimate the total number of Cows in 2026 in certain state. The total
number of cows for 2024 was X = 5000. The Sampling unit was the farm, and it is
assumed that there has been no change in the number of farms which we shall assume to be
N=500. A sample of n=20 farms is selected, and the data is as follows:

Farm 2024 2026 Farm 2024 2026

1 12 14 11 11 14
2 22 25 12 17 19
3 38 37 13 12 12
4 15 18 14 22 23
5 18 20 15 14 16
6 31 30 16 26 28
7 15 15 17 08 09
8 20 21 18 16 15
9 10 12 19 13 15
10 25 28 20 19 20
Estimate the average number of cows for 2026 by Ratio Method of estimation and obtain
the estimate of the MSE of Ratio estimator of Population Mean. (15)
3. Define the difference estimator for the population mean. Show that it is an unbiased
N−n 2
estimator and its variance is given by V( YD ) = SY (1 − ρ2 ) , where symbols have
Nn
their usual meanings. (10)
4. A population consisting of 6 clusters, each of size 6 is given below. The values of the
study variable Y, noted on each of the units within each cluster are also provided. A
random sample of size 3 clusters was selected from the population and 3 elementary
units from the selected clusters were randomly chosen.

Cluster Y - values Cluster Y - values

1 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5 4 3, 2, 5, 1, 6, 4
2 2, 5, 3, 4, 7, 4 5 2, 4, 6, 8, 3, 5
3 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5 6 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3

Let the 2nd, 4th and 6thclusters be selected randomly in the first-stage sample. Further, let
the y-values 2, 7, 3 of the 2nd cluster; 6, 3, 1 of the 4th cluster and 7, 4, 3 of the 6th cluster
be selected randomly for the second-stage sample.
Estimate the population mean on the basis of the suggested estimator and compare it with
the actual value of the population mean. (10)

5. Suggest an estimator of population mean in cluster sampling with unequal size

clusters, which is based upon the means of selected clusters. Determine whether it is an
unbiased estimator? (10)
6. Below is given the plan and yields of 22-Factorial Experiment involving 2 factors A and
B each at two levels 0 and 1. Analyse the design.
Block I
117 (1) 106 b 129 ab 124 a
Block II
124 ab 120 (1) 117 b 124 a
Block III
111 (1) 127 a 114 b 126 ab
Block IV
125 ab 131 a 112 b 108 (1)
Block V
95 ab 97 b 73 (1) 128 a
Block VI
158 a 81 (1) 125 ab 117 b

Does treatment effect A differs from treatment effect B? (15)

 k
7. Explain what is meant by a one-quarter fractional factorial experiment of a 2 factorial
experiment. Give a notation which denotes the one-quarter fractional factorial design.
(10)
8. Let us consider the following Balanced Incomplete Block Design (B.I.B.D.) with
parameters  = b = 7,r = k = 4,  = 2 :

Block Label Design

I 1 3 4 5
II 1 4 6 7
III 1 2 5 7
IV 3 5 6 7
V 2 3 4 7
VI 1 2 3 6
VII 2 4 5
6

Obtain a derived design from the above Balanced Incomplete Block Design (B.I.B.D.)
and find the parameters of the obtained design. (10)
9. Define the Residual B.I.B.D. and Derived B.I.B.D. of a given symmetric B.I.B.D. Mention
the rule of constructing a residual B.I.B.D. corresponding to a specific B.I.B.D.
Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and = { {1, 2, 3,}, {1, 2, 4}, {1, 2, 5}, {1, 3, 4}, {1, 3, 5}, {1, 4, 5},
{2, 3, 4}, {2, 3, 5}, {2, 4, 5}, {3, 4, 5}}; then (X, ) is a (5, 3, 3)- B.I.B.D. Find the
incidence matrix of this B.I.B.D. (10)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Prabhat Kumar Sangal)

Course Coordinator, MST-021
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9013873713
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-021/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-021

COURSE TITLE: CLASSICAL AND BAYESIAN INFERENCE

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-021: Classical and Bayesian Inference
Course Code: MST-021
Assignment Code: MST-021/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1(a) State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reasons in support of
your answer: (5×2=10)
(i) If the form of the population is not known and data are in ordinal form then we
apply the Wilcoxon Signed rank test for testing hypothesis about average.
(ii) The Neyman-Pearson lemma provides the most powerful test of size α for testing a
simple hypothesis against a simple alternative hypothesis.
(iii) The Rao-Blackwell theorem enables us to obtain a manimum variance unbiased
estimator through complete statistic.
(iv) For testing goodness of fit when the data are in categorical form, we use K-S test.
(v) In the Bayesian approach, we treat the parameter as a constant.

(b) Differentiate between Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffe theorems. (10)

2. A faculty member of a university receives a number of emails. If X represents the number

of spam emails in n emails and follows a binomial distribution with parameters ( n,θ ) where
θ is the probability of getting spam email, then find the posterior distribution of θ
considering the following beta distribution.
1
θa −1 (1 − θ ) 0 ≤ θ ≤ 1,a,b > 0
b −1
=f(θ)
β ( a,b )

Also, find the posterior mean of θ . (20)

3. A food processing company packages 10 gm of honey in small jars. Previous experience
suggests that the volume of a randomly selected jar of the company’s honey is normally
distributed with a known variance of 2 gm. Drive likelihood ratio test for testing
H0 : μ = 10 against H1 : μ ≠ 10

at a α level of significance. Given P [ −∞ < Z < 1.64] = 0.95  (20)

4. If the number of weekly accidents occurring on a mile stretch of a particular road follows a
Poisson distribution with parameter λ . Then
(i) Find the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the variance.
(ii) Also, find the UMVUE of λ . (20)
5. The following data give the sales of 6 models of mobiles at four different stores. The sales
of each mobile (in number of mobiles sold) from each store are given as follows:
Store A Store B Store C Store D
58 74 35 78
55 57 51 85
38 65 41 62
63 48 52 75
41 83 54 87
50 61 53 57
Test whether there is a significant difference in the sales of the four stores by using the
( 2
Kruskal Wallies test at 1% level of significance (Given χ (3),0.01 )
= 11.34 (20)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Rajesh)
Course Coordinator, MST-022
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9416413104/8860416548
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-022/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-022

COURSE TITLE: LINEAR ALGEBRA AND MULTIVARIATE CALCULUS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

MST-022: Linear Algebra and Multivariate Calculus

Course Code: MST-022
Assignment Code: MST-022/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
4
1. (a) Using Gram Schmidt orthogonalisation process find orthogonal basis for the subspace of
1   2 0
0 0 0
having basis w1 =   , w 2 =   , and w 3 =   .
1  0  4
     
0  2  4

1
(b) Gradient of the function f (x, y) = 2x 2 − y 2 at the point P(1, 2) is:
3
4 4 3 3
(A) 4i − ˆj (B) 4i + ˆj (C) 4i − ˆj (D) 4i + ˆj
3 3 4 4
(c) Using Taylor’s formula for f (x, y) = x e y the quadratic approximation of f(x, y) near origin is:
(A) x + xy (B) x − xy (C) 2x + y (D) xy − x (10+5+10)
 2 1
2. Obtain SVD of the matrix A =  1 0  . (25)
0 1

3. Find the greatest and smallest values that the function f(x, y) = xy, (x, y)  2
takes on the ellipse
x + 4y = 4 using the Method of Lagrange Multipliers,
2 2
(25)

4. (
Let V = 2
)
,  ,  be an inner product space over the field F = . We are expecting that variables x
and y are related by a relation of the form y =  + x, where ,   F and (x, y)  V. Values of the
ordered pair (x, y) were observed and are shown in Fig. 1 by points A, B and C. Obtain the least
square solution of the problem. Also, visualise your solution. (25)

Fig. 1: Visualisation of three points A, B and C

Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Taruna Kumari and Dr. Gajraj Singh)

Course Coordinators, MST-023
Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-023/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-023

COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-023: Research Methodology
Course Code: MST-023
Assignment Code: MST-023/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1(a) State whether the following statements are true or false and a lso give the reason in
support of your answer. (5×2=10)

(i) A blueprint of research work is called research design.

(ii) The method of research involves in manipulating one variable to establish causation
with another variable is known as Experimental research.
(iii) An example of qualitative research is Grounded theory research.
(iv) When researchers use designs that call for multiple groups, the most commonly
employed test is F-test.
(v) The term "research methodology" refers to the theoretical paradigms for data
collection, analysis and interpretation.

2 (a) Briefly explain various types of research approaches.

(b) What are the conference proceedings and how do they differ from journal articles?

(10×2=20)
3 (a) What do you understand by a survey? Discuss differences between a census and
survey.

(b) What are non-parametric methods of statistical analysis? What are the advantage and
disadvantage. (10×2=20)
4 (a) What are arbitrary scales of measurement? Discuss some situations where these
scales are used.
(b) Discuss the main components of research paper which are used in presentation in
Conferences/seminar.
(15+10=25)
5 (a) How does academic writing showcase critical thinking, systemic analysis and effective
communications.
(b) Define plagiarism and explain the types of plagiarism with suitable examples.

(15+10=25)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Neha Garg)

Course Coordinator, MST-024
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-024/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-024

COURSE TITLE: DATA ANALYSIS WITH PYTHON

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-024: DATA ANALYSIS WITH PYTHON
Course Code: MST-024
Assignment Code: MST-024/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 50

Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1(a). Differentiate between lists and tuples in Python.
(b). Write a Python program that demonstrates:
(i) A list of integers with operations like adding, removing, and modifying elements.
(ii) A tuple of integers and explain why tuples are immutable.
(15)

2. Write a Python program that takes an integer input from the user:
(i) Check if the number is positive, negative, or zero using an if…elif…else statement.
(ii) Print a suitable message based on the result.
(5)
3. The following datas consist of sales of a product for 6 months:
Month Sales (in `)
Jan 22000
Feb 25000
Mar 30000
Apr 28000
May 35000
Jun 37000
Write a Python program to
(i) create a list named SD for the given sales data.
(ii) Use a suitable loop function to compute the average sales. Verify it with the built in
function.
(iii) Extract the months having sales greater than ` 30,000.
(iv) Plot a line chart using Matplotlib to show given monthly sales of the product. Also,
add appropriate labels, title, and legend.
(15)
4. Write a Python program using NumPy to
(i) Create following two matrices A and B with following elements.
 2 1 1 1 2 3
   
A =  1 3 2  and B =  0 1 4 
 1 0 0 5 6 0
   

(ii) Compute the (a) Addition, (b) Multiplication and (c) Inverse of these matrices.
(iii) Combine the given matrices colume-wise.

(15)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Neha Garg)

Course Coordinator, MST-025
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-025/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-025

COURSE TITLE: CATEGORICAL AND SURVIVAL ANALYSIS

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 MST-025: Categorical and Survival Analysis

Course Code: MST-025

Assignment Code: MST-025/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. Differentiate between the following:
(a) Relative risk and odds ratio
(b) Chi-square tests for association and proportions (10)

2. To study the association between diabetic patients and their family history of diabetes,
the following data were obtained on 70 subjects.

Diabetes in Diabetes in Subject

Total
Family
Yes No
Yes 14 3 17
No 3 50 53
Total 17 53 70
Which test is appropriate in this situation? Check whether the diabetes runs with
generations in families or not at a 5% level of significance using a suitable test. (15)

3. Describe censoring and differentiate between different types of censoring with the
help of examples. (10)

4. A study was conducted on 185 patients aged more than 45 years, which were
followed until the time of death or up to 10 years, whichever comes first. The patients
have different covariates: age, gender (male/female), systolic blood pressure,
smoking (yes/no), total serum cholesterol, and diabetes (yes/no). This study aims to
determine which covariate influences the survival time. An analysis is conducted to
investigate differences in all-cause mortality between men and women participating in
the study. Suppose we obtain the following results after applying the Cox regression
hazard model analyses:

Risk Factor Parameter Estimate SE

Age 0.150 0.010
Gender 0.450 0.150
Systolic Blood Pressure 0.015 0.008
Smoking 0.650 0.170
Total Serum Cholesterol 0.002 0.004
Diabetes -0.350 0.250

(i) Obtain hazard ratio and interpret the results.

(ii) Find the 99% confidence interval for the hazard ratio.
(iii) Test whether the covariates are significant or not at 1% level of significance.
(15)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Rajesh)
Course Coordinator, MST-026
Email: [email protected]
Mob. No. : 9416413104/8860416548
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MST-026/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MST-026

COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-026: Introduction to Machine Learning
Course Code: MST-026
Assignment Code: MST-026/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. Explain each of the following with an example

• Supervised Learning,

• Unsupervised learning,

• Reinforcement Learning,

• Semi-supervised. (7+6+6+6)

2. What is the role of loss function in machine learning algorithms? Explain any two commonly
used loss functions in machine learning algorithms. (25)

 −1 0  2 
3. If the input vectors are I1 =   , I 2 =   , I3 =   and initial values of three weight vectors
0 1  1/ 2 
 0   − 2 / 5   −1/ 5 
are   ,  ,   , then calculate the resulting weight found after training the
 −1  1/ 5   2 / 5 
competitive layer with Kohonen’s rule and a learning rate  of 0.5 on the input-series in order
I1 , I 2 and I3 . (25)

4. Consider the following table for the connections between the input neurons and the hidden layer
neurons.

The connections weights from Hidden layer neurons to the output neurons are 0.5, 0.3 and 0.6 for
first, second and third neurons respectively corresponding threshold value for output layer is 0.5 and
for hidden layer 1.8, 0.05 and – 0.2 for first, second and third neuron respectively,

(a) Draw the diagraph of the network.

(b) Write the results of activation and interpret. (25)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Dr. Gajraj Singh)

Course Coordinators, MSTE-011
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
 Solve the latest assignments uploaded for the current year/session.
 Read the instructions related to the assignments mentioned in the
Programme Guide.
 Use only A-4 size paper to write your responses. It is mandatory to write all
assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Typed or printed copies of the
assignments will not be accepted. Note that you may use the printout only if a
question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
 All questions given in the assignments are compulsory for each course.
 Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.
 Securely fasten multiple pages together (you can staple or tie them) and number
them carefully for each assignment separately.
 Do not forget to enclose the assignment question sheet of that course after the
cover page of the assignment response (answer sheets). It is not compulsory to
write each question separately before answering the question. Mention the
question number for each answer.
 The solved assignment must be submitted at the Study Centre allotted to you
before the due date set by the University. Please check the IGNOU website for
updated information regarding the due date of assignment submission.
 You are advised to mention all information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet, given on the next page.
 Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before submission
for future reference.
 Assignment CODE: MSTE-011/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MSTE-011

COURSE TITLE: OPERATIONS RESEARCH

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MSTE-011: OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Course Code: MSTE-011 Assignment
Code: MSTE-011/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. The answer should be in your handwriting. All
questions carry equal marks
1(a) State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in support
of your answer. (5×2=10)

(i) The four primary functional areas of a firm are marketing, finance, operations, and human
resources.
(ii) Operations research is concerned with the systematic analysis of work methods.
(iii) Productivity is the most common measure of competitiveness.
(iv) Ensuring good quality underlies all operational decisions.
(v) In a two person zero-sum game, a saddle point always exists
2 (a) Define operations research. Explain critically the limitations of various definitions as you
understand them.
(b) What is the purpose of a mathematical model? How does a model achieve this purpose? In
your answer consider the concept of a model an abstraction of reality.’
(10×2=20)
3 (a) What are the four major types of allocation problems that can be solved using the linear
programming technique? Briefly explain each with an example.

(b) What is a game in game theory? What are the properties of a game? Explain the ‘best
strategy’ on the basis of minimax criterion of optimality
(10×2=20)
4 (a) What are inventory models? Enumerate various types of inventory models and describe
them briefly.
(b) Differentiate between a fixed-order quantity system and a fixed interval system. Mention
the advantages and disadvantages of both. (15+10=25)
5 (a) Formulate and solve a discrete stochastic model for a single product with lead time zero.
The storage and shortage costs are independent of time. The set-up cost is constant.
(b) Explain the concept of dynamic programming and the relation between dynamic and linear
programming approach.
(15+10=25)
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the university guidelines, you need to complete the assignment for each theory
course. Note that there are no assignments for lab courses in the MSCAST
programme, namely, MSTL-011, MSTL-012, MSTL-013, MSTL-014, and MSTL-015.
You should remember that writing answers to an assignment’s questions will improve
your writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible to appear in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to appear
for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment for that
course by the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in the term-end
examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of the term-end
examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, you are advised to first go through the self-learning
material for that course and then prepare the assignments carefully by following the
instructions pertaining to the assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim
reproduction of the textual materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should
be in your own words.
If you have any doubts or problems pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the programme in charge or the academic counsellor at your study centre. If
you still have problems related to this assignment, feel free to contact the course
coordinator.
Wishing you all the best in successfully completing the programme.

(Prof. Manish Trivedi)

Course Coordinator, MSTE-012
Email: [email protected]
Instructions:
 Submit the assignments within the stipulated time. Otherwise, you will not be
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question specifically asks for the output of a program in MST-015 and MST-024.
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 Assignment CODE: MSTE-012/TMA/2025

NAME: ______________________________________________________________________

ENROLLMENT NO: __________________________________________________________

ADMISSION CYCLE: _________________________________________________________

PROGRAMME CODE: MSCAST

COURSE CODE: MSTE-012

COURSE TITLE: STOCHASTIC PROCESSES

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE: __________________________________________________

STUDY CENTRE CODE: ______________________________________________________

ADDRESS: ___________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

CONTACT NUMBER: ________________________________________________________

EMAIL ID: _______________________________________________________________________

DATE OF SUBMISSION: _____________________________________________________________

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MSTE-012: STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
Course Code: MSTE-012
Assignment Code: MSTE-012/TMA/2025
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in support
of your answer: (2×5=10)
a) if the coin is tossed independently 6 times, then the sequence of random variables
{X n , 𝑛 ≥ 1} is a stochastic process with discrete parameter space T and discrete state
space S.
b) A Markov chain X0 , X1, X2 ,  has the transition probability matrix

 0.1 0.1 0.8 

P = 0.2 0.2 0.6 
0.3 0.3 0.4 

Then the conditional probabilities P  X1 = 1, X2 = 1|X0 = 0 =0.02.

c) Suppose that customers arrive at a facility according to a Poisson process having rate
 = 2 . If N ( t ) be the number of customers that have arrived up to time t. Then the
probability P N (1) = 2 = 2e-2.
d) In the classical gambler’s ruin problem, with total stake 𝑎 and gambler’s stake 𝑘, andthe
gambler’s probability of winning at each play is 𝑝. Then the probability of ruin if given that
𝑎 =100, 𝑘 =5 and 𝑝 =6 is 0.868.

e) The number of customers at time t waiting in the queue including the one being served, if
any, is called arrival rate.

2(a) State the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation and mention the relation between higher and
lower transition probabilities, it establishes.
Given the following transition matrix of a Markov chain with three states 1, 2 and 3:
 1 1 4
10 10 5 
 
P=
1 1 3
,
5 5 5
 
 3 3 2
 10 10 5 
find the matrix of three-step transition probabilities and, hence, obtain the transition
( ) 3
probability p 32 . (12)
(b) A symmetric random walk starts at x = 0. Find the probabilities that the walk:
(i) is at x = 0 after 10 steps;
(ii) is at x =1 after 5 steps;
(iii) is at x = –3 after 9 steps. (12)
3. A fire and emergency rescue service receives calls for assistance at a rate of ten per
day. Teams man the service in twelve hour shifts. Assume that requests for help form a
Poisson process.
(i) What is the probability that a team would receive six requests for help in a shift?
(ii) What is the probability that a team has no requests for assistance in a shift? (12)
4. In the standard gambler’s ruin problem, with total stake 𝑎 and gambler’s stake 𝑘, and the
gambler’s probability of winning at each play is 𝑝, calculate the probability of ruin in the
following cases;
(i) 𝑎 = 80, 𝑘 = 70, 𝑝 = 0.45;
(ii) 𝑎 = 50, 𝑘 = 40, 𝑝 = 0.5.
Also find the expected duration in each case. (12)
5. Define the Ordinary, modified and equilibrium renewal processes with examples. Also,
differentiate between modified and equilibrium renewal processes. (10)
6. Define Martingales, Sub-Martingales and Super-Martingales with examples. (10)
7. Describe the Branching processes with examples and explain some properties of generating
functions of branching processes. (12)
8. Describe the finite and infinite M/M/1 queuing models with examples and their waiting
time distributions. (10)