Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies Fourth Annual Report 2001-2002

Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies Fourth Annual Report 2001-2002
Alex Molnar Glen Wilson Melissa Restori John Hutchison Commercialism in Education Research Unit (CERU) Education Policy Studies Laboratory College of Education Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies Box 872411 Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-2411 January 2002
EPSL-0201-101-CERU
Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies College of Education, Arizona State University P.O. Box 872411, Tempe, AZ 85287-2411 Telephone: (480) 965-1886 Fax: (480) 965-0303 E-mail: [email protected]
Available on the web at www.educationanalysis.org.
Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies 2001-2002

by Alex Molnar, Glen Wilson, Melissa Restori, and John Hutchison
Introduction Publicly funded schools run by education management companies on a for-profit basis are a controversial innovation intended to improve schools through the profit-seeking motive of the marketplace.1 Supporters of this innovation argue that education management companies, in their pursuit of profits, will reduce administrative inefficiency, hire and retain effective administrators and teachers, introduce and refine new educational innovations, and produce gains in student achievement superior to those of regular public schools.2 While private sector companies have always transacted business with, and profited from selling supplies and equipment to schools, the idea of managing and administering K-12 publicly funded schools with the intent of making profits is relatively new.3 Seeing the similarities with health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that manage the health care process, Wall Street has used the term EMO or education management organization, to describe for-profit companies involved in the management and administration of public schools.4 The Structure of the Industry For-profit management of public schools generally takes two forms: local school districts contract with EMOs for the management of existing traditional K-12 public schools (termed contract schools) or the EMOs manage public charter schools either as the charter holder or under the terms of a contract with the charter holder.5 In the early 90s, EMOs tended to pursue the contract school approach. In recent years, many EMOs have taken the opportunity afforded by permissive charter school legislation and focused on the management of charter schools. It now appears that the increase in the number of charter schools is the main source of EMO growth.6 Not surprisingly, states such as Michigan and Arizona with permissive charter school laws also have the most schools managed by for-profit companies. While it is estimated that nationwide approximately 10 percent of all charter schools are managed by for-profit EMOs, it is estimated that Arizona has some 25 percent of its charter schools operated by EMOs.7 For-Profit Schools: Pros and Cons Proponents claim that EMOs operating public schools in a more businesslike manner will create economies of scale and other efficiency gains large enough for for-profit companies to educate students and realize higher academic achievement at a cost structure lower than that of traditional public schools, thus resulting in profits to the EMOs investors/shareholders.8 Although the figure is disputed, Edison Schools executives claim, for example, that the average school district spends about 27 percent of its budget on administration.9 Edison Schools stated business strategy is to gain a large number of schools and students and to standardize their operations so that they gain sufficient economies of scale to lower their administrative costs by a significant amount. The executives of Edison Schools, which currently enroll 75,000 students, state that when company schools enroll 250,000 students their administrative costs will drop from an estimated 21 percent in 2000 to 8 percent.10
A major concern about for-profit schools is the tension between delivering a quality educational program to all students versus the pressure to achieve profits for the company stockholders.11 Critics point out that in business, a company is primarily concerned with their own business interests and not the best interests of their customers. They fear that EMOs will make decisions based on their profit and loss statement rather than the best interests of students just as HMOs have been seen to overrule their physicians medical decisions when the course of treatment is judged too costly. Another concern of critics is that EMOs, in pursuit of economies of scale, will standardize managed schools to the extent that they ignore local concerns. Central to the concept of charter schools is that they will be responsive to the communities they serve. Opponents fear the emergence of cookie cutter schools that are responsive only to the EMO headquarters office will subvert the decentralization and diversity goals of charter school legislation.12 Profitability continues to be an elusive goal for EMOs. The consensus view of investors, researchers, and others is that the evidence thus far is insufficient to demonstrate that the quality of education is improved or that private management companies can profitably manage schools. According to quarterly Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, Edison Schools Inc., as of September 30, 2001, has lost approximately $171.7 million since November 1996, when Edison changed from a private partnership to a publicly held corporation. Prior to November 1996, Edison Schools sustained losses of about $61.8 million.13 Continuing losses for EMOs suggest there will be increased pressure to show positive results. Critics worry that this pressure will lead to policies or actions that are not in the best interests of students. They warn that as profit-seeking businesses, EMOs are apt to consider any business strategy and behavior that is not expressly prohibited by law or regulation. For example, Charter Schools USA has contracted with Ryder System Inc., to have the company provide Charter Schools USA with a new elementary school building at a cost of about $3.75 million.14 In exchange, Ryder employees children will receive special enrollment rights to enter the school. Thus, a private entity is purchasing preferential treatment for the children of its employees to attend a public school. Although the arrangement has been criticized as improper, it is permissible under Florida law.15 According to Eduventures.com, a research/consulting firm that specializes in following the education sector, venture capitalists, in 2000, invested approximately $723 million in education companies that focus on K-12 education. However, by the second quarter of 2001, such funding for K-12 companies had dried up to virtually nothing.16 According to analysts, the unavailability of venture capital funding may lead to increased pressures for consolidation within the K-12 forprofit sector. Several of the major companies within the for-profit K-12 sector have already been involved in merger and acquisition activities. Edison Schools Inc. announced on June 4, 2001 that they would acquire LearnNow, Inc. and on July 2, 2001 Mosaica Education Inc. announced that they would acquire Advantage Schools Inc.17 On January 8, 2002, Chancellor Academies Inc. and Beacon Education Management said that they would merge to form Chancellor Beacon Academies, making it the second largest EMO in the country after Edison Schools Inc.18 Most of the EMOs described in this report have readily shared information about their companies and the public schools they run. However, a handful of companies failed to respond to repeated requests for information or for confirmation of information otherwise obtained. For example, Charter School Administrative Services has not provided information for this report since 1998-99. The failure of companies to respond to information requests raises an important policy question: should private companies managing public institutions and receiving public funds be required to disclose the same types of information to the public that government entities do? Public policy governing the for-profit operation of publicly funded schools will have profound effects on the character of public schooling. For this reason policy making in relation to the for-profit sector will be among the most important challenges education policy makers face in the years ahead.
The 2001-02 Profiles report is the fourth annual report on for-profit education management companies. Table 1 below indicates the growth in the number of education management companies profiled in each years report.
Table 1 Number of Companies, Schools, and States Profiled by Year School Year Number of Companies Profiled 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 13 20 21 36
Number of Schools Managed by Profiled Companies 135 230 285 368
Number of States in which Profiled Companies Operate 15 21 22 24
It should be noted that counting for-profit schools is a complex issue because of the differing ways EMOs define what a school is. Some EMOs subdivide by range of grades within single facilities and list certain grade ranges as a separate schools. For example, Edison Schools Granville Public Charter School is a K11 charter school located in Trenton, New Jersey. Although Granville Public Charter School is listed as three schools, the Edison Schools website shows that all three schools have the same address, two of the three have the same phone number (K-5 and 9-11), and two of the three have the same principal (K-5 and 6-8). The companies profiled represent only those that Education Policy Research Unit (EPRU) researchers could positively identify as for-profit management companies, and are likely to represent only the largest or most high-profile of the many firms that exist. A list of other companies for which limited information is available can be found at the end of the document in Table 2. In this years report, for the first time, student enrollment figures for individual schools were requested from EMOs. An uppercase X is used in tables to signify information that was not requested for that particular edition of the profiles. EPRU has attempted to insure that the information contained in these profiles is accurate and complete. Company representatives are encouraged to send corrections and additions to the EPRU office for inclusion in the next edition of the for-profit school profiles. Education Policy Research Unit Education Policy Studies Laboratory Division of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies College of Education Arizona State University P.O. Box 872411 Tempe, AZ 85287-2411 [email protected]
www.asu.edu/educ/epsl
Summary of For-profit Education Management Companies Listed in descending order of total number of public schools operating This chart is a summary of the more detailed individual company profiles which follow.
Company Name and Location
Edison Schools, New York, NY The Leona Group, East Lansing, MI Mosaica Education, San Rafael, CA
Total Number of Public Schools Operating *109
Number of Public Schools That Are Charter Schools 47
Total Number of Students in Schools 75,000 est.1
States in Which Company Is Operating Public Schools
33 22
33 22
11,683 Unknown
CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, KS, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NV, NY, OH, PA, TX, WI AZ, MI AZ, CO, DC, DE, GA, MA, MI, NC, NJ, PA, TX
According to quarterly Securities and Exchange Commission report for period ending 30 September 2001.
National Heritage Academies, Grand Rapids, MI Beacon Education Management, Westborough, MA Charter School Administrative Services, Southfield, MI Charter Schools USA, Fort Lauderdale, FL White Hat Management, Akron, OH Chancellor Academies, Coconut Grove, FL Helicon Associates, Flat Rock, MI Excel Education Centers, Prescott, AZ SABIS Educational Systems, Eden Prairie, MN
28 30 15 15 15 14 9 7 7
28 30 15 15 15 14 9 7 7
13,939 7,500 approx2 Unknown 8,005 Unknown 5,7283 3,529 1,040 4,711
MI, NC, NY DC, MA, MI, MO, NC, NY FL, MI, MO, TX FL, TX OH AZ, DC, FL MI AZ AZ, MA, MI, NC, OH
2 3
According to Securities and Exchange Commission filing dated 17 July 2001. Total number of students for 13 schools.
Designs for Learning, St. Paul, MN Nobel Learning Communities, Media, PA Pinnacle Education, Inc., Tempe, AZ Victory Schools, Inc., New York, NY Ideabanc, Inc., Tucson, AZ Ombudsman Educational Services, Ltd., Libertyville, IL Benjamin Franklin Charter School, Chandler, AZ Choice Schools Associates, LLC, Grand Rapids, MI Educational Services, Inc., Cottonwood, AZ Innovative Educational Programs, Basking Ridge, NJ Smart Schools, Inc., Howell, MI
6 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
6 5 5 3 4 4 3 3 3 1 3
645 2,502 473 1,242 532 320 1,316 577 Unknown 285 832
MN AZ, PA AZ MD, NY AZ AZ AZ MI AZ MI, NJ MI
Allen-Cochran Enterprises, Inc., Tempe, AZ Crawford First Education, Portsmouth, VA Desert Springs Academy, Tucson, AZ Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson, Inc., Tucson, AZ Mountain Rose Academy, Inc., Tucson, AZ Pitman Resources, LLC, Mayer, AZ Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc., Detroit, MI APEX Education Systems, Inc., Phoenix, AZ Heritage Academy, Inc., Mesa, AZ Lake Havasu Charter School, Inc., Lake Havasu City, AZ
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
2 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
270 Unknown 242 75 360 117 717 150 359 80
AZ VA AZ AZ AZ AZ MI AZ AZ AZ
Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, Flagstaff, AZ ORBIS Management Group, Llc, Clinton Township, MI Sequoia Charter Schools, Mesa, AZ Advantage Schools, Inc., Boston, MA (Acquired by Mosaica Education) LearnNow, Inc., New York, NY. (Acquired by Edison Schools) Malone Management, Grand Rapids, MI TesseracT Group, Scottsdale, AZ TOTALS in this report (40 Companies, 36 active)
* = See note on company profile.
1 1 1
1 1 1
250 105 125
AZ MI AZ
See Mosaica Education
See Edison Schools

0 0 368 0 0 300 0 0 142,709 AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, KS, MA, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NV, NY, OH, PA, TX, VA, WI
For-profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey
Edison Schools
Address 521 5th Ave., 11th Floor New York, NY 10175 Telephone 212-419-1600 FAX: 212-419-1604 WWW Address www.edisonschools.com Email: [email protected] ools.com Year Founded 1992 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Publicly Traded (EDSN on NASDAQ) Profitable or Not Profitable Not Profitable4
Edison Schools refused to provide EPSL with this information when it was requested (on 14 November 2001). Information gathered from SEC quarterly report for the period ended 30 September 2001: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1089567/000095012301508531/y54972e10-q.txt.
10
Schools*56
*Some of the school names below actually represent two or more academies serving different grade levels within the same school. Edison counts each academy as a separate school, giving the company a total school count of 136. EPSLs count of 109 total schools reflects the fact that these multiple academies are served by the same building and school office. School Name Feaster-Edison Charter School Edison Brentwood Academy Edison McNair Academy Edison-Bethune Charter Academy Starr King-Edison Academy Phillips-Edison Partnership School Edison Charter Academy San Jose-Edison Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Academy-Edison Elementary School Emerson-Edison Partnership
5
Location Chula Vista, CA E. Palo Alto, CA E. Palo Alto, CA Fresno, CA Long Beach, CA Napa, CA San Francisco, CA West Covina, CA Colorado Springs, CO Colorado Springs, CO
Year Founded7 1997 1998 1998 1999 2000 1998 1998 1998 1998 1997
Grade Levels Served K-6 K-3 4-8 K-6 K-5 K-6 K-5 K-6 K-5 6-8
Number8 of Students Enrolled 1082 Unknown 585 695 Unknown 568 550 832 Unknown Unknown
Charter School? Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes
The information listed is drawn from the following sources: The Edison website, www.edisonschools.com and Michigan Association of Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org. It was updated from the website www.edisonschools.com/schools/schools.asp accessed on 2 January 2002. Information was updated via a fax communication with Caryn Solly, Edison Schools, on 15 October 2001. 6 In July 2001, Edison Schools acquired LearnNow, Inc. http://www.edisonschools.com/news/news.cfm?ID=88 and http://www.corporateir.net/ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=edsn&script=410&layout=-6&item_id=188275. The schools listed in bold face were LearnNow schools prior to acquisition. 7 The year listed is not necessarily the year the school opened but the year that Edison took over management of the school. 8 The number of students attending each school was obtained via a fax communication with Caryn Solly, Edison Schools, on 15 October 2001. The following numbers were given: Approximately 75,000 students are enrolled in Edisons 136 public schools in 53 cities and 22 states across the country.
11
School Roosevelt-Edison Charter School Wyatt-Edison Charter School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Wintergreen Interdistrict Magnet School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Community Academy Public Charter (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Edison-Friendship Public Charter School (4 campuses): Blow Pierce Carter G. Woodson Chamberlain Woodridge SE Academy for Scholastic Excellence (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Thomas A. Edison Charter School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Henry S. Reeves Elementary School Charles R. Drew Charter School M.L. King Jr.-Edison Elementary Riley-Edison Elementary School Chicago International Charter School (counted as 3 schools by Edison)
Colorado Springs, CO Denver, CO Hamden, CT Washington, DC
1996 1998 1998 2001
K-5 K-7 K-8 K-8
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Yes Yes No Yes
Washington, DC Washington, DC Washington, DC Washington, DC Washington, DC Wilmington, DE Miami, FL Atlanta, GA Macon, GA Macon, GA Chicago, IL
1999 2000 1998 1998 2001 2000 1996 2000 1999 1999 1999
6-8 9-10 K-5 K-5 K-8 K-7 K-5 K-5 3-6 K-6 K-12
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes
12
Franklin-Edison School Loucks Edison Junior Academy Northmoor-Edison School Rolling Acres Junior Academy Feitshans-Edison Magnet School Jefferson-Edison Elementary School Dodge-Edison Elementary School Jardine-Edison Junior Academy Edison-Ingalls Partnership School Edison-Isely Partnership School Boston Renaissance Charter School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Seven Hills Charter School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Furman L. Templeton Elementary School Gilmor Elementary School Montebello Elementary School Southwestern Edison Junior Academy Washington-Edison Partnership School Wilson-Edison Partnership School
Peoria, IL Peoria, IL Peoria, IL Peoria, IL Springfield, IL Davenport, IA Wichita, KS Wichita, KS Wichita, KS Wichita, KS Boston, MA Worcester, MA Baltimore, MD Baltimore, MD Baltimore, MD Battle Creek, MI Battle Creek, MI Battle Creek, MI
1999 2000 1999 2001 2000 1999 1995 1996 1997 1997 1995 1996 2000 2000 2000 1999 1998 1998
K-4 5-8 K-4 5-8 K-6 K-5 K-5 6-8 K-5 K-5 K-8 K-8 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 7-8 K-6 K-6
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown No No No
13
Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences, Medbury Campus (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Detroit-Edison Public School Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) YMCA Service Learning Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Edison-Oakland Public School Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Flint Northwestern Community High School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Garfield-Edison Partnership School Williams-Edison Partnership School Baylor Woodson Elementary School Blanchett Middle School Inkster High School Meek-Milton Primary Academy Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Academy Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Academy Mount Clemens Junior & Senior
Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Ferndale, MI Flint, MI Flint, MI Flint, MI Inkster, MI Inkster, MI Inkster, MI Inkster, MI Mount Clemens, MI Mount Clemens, MI Mount Clemens, MI
1997 2001 1998 1999 1999 1999 1997 1997 2000 2000 2000 2000 1995 1995 1996
K-5 6-10 K-8 K-8 K-8 6-10 K-5 K-5 K-5 6-8 9-12 Pre-K-2 K-2 3-5 6-12
870 Unknown 1107 1086 840 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No
14
Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Edison-Perdue Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Duluth-Edison Partnership Schools (counted as 3 schools by Edison) Edison Project-PPL School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) HOPE Community Academy Minnesota Institute of Technology Allen-Edison Village School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Westport Edison Middle Academy Westport Edison Senior Academy Woodland-Edison Classical Academy Swift Creek-Edison Elementary Schomburg Charter School Granville Charter School (counted as 3 schools by Edison) Charles I. West-Edison Junior Academy Lincoln-Edison Elementary Crestwood-Edison Elementary Ann T. Lynch-Edison Elementary
Pontiac, MI Duluth, MN Minneapolis, MN St. Paul, MN St. Paul, MN Kansas City, MO Kansas City, MO Kansas City, MO Kansas City, MO Whitakers, NC Jersey City, NJ Trenton, NJ Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV
1998 1997 1998 2001 2001 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 2000 1998 2001 2001 2001 2001
K-7 K-9 K-8 K-4 K-6 K-8 6-8 9-12 K-5 K-5 K-5 K-11 6-8 K-5 K-5 K-5
Unknown Unknown Unknown 387 281 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 500 1400 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
15
Cahlan-Edison Elementary C.C. Ronnow-Edison Elementary John S. Park-Edison Elementary New Covenant Charter School Harriet Tubman Charter Stepping Stone Academy Charter School Riverhead Charter School Charter School of Science and Technology (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Charter School for Applied Technologies The Dayton Academy Dayton View Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Chester High School Columbus Edison Elementary Main Street Edison Academy Pulaski Edison Junior Academy Showalter Edison Junior Academy Smedley Middle School Stetser Elementary Wetherill Edison Elementary William Penn Edison Elementary Mariana Bracetti Academy Charter Renaissance Academy-Edison
Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Las Vegas, NV Albany, NY Bronx, NY Buffalo, NY Riverhead, NY Rochester, NY Tonawanda, NY Dayton, OH Dayton, OH Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Chester-Upland, PA Philadelphia, PA Phoenixville, PA
2001 2001 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 2000 2001 1999 2000 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2000
K-5 K-5 K-5 K-6 K-3 K-5 K-6 K-8 K-6 K-6 K-6 9-12 K-5 K-8 5-8 5-8 6-8 K-5 K-5 K-4 6-9 K-8
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 740
Unknown Unknown Unknown Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes
16
Charter School (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Lincoln-Edison Charter School Elm Creek Elementary School Blair-Edison Academy Edison-Hernandez Academy Edison- Henderson Academy Edison-Maple Lawn Academy Edison-Medrano Academy Edison-Titche Academy John W. Runyon Academy Kriewald Road Elementary School Stewart-Edison Junior Academy Milwaukee Science Academy (counted as 2 schools by Edison) Milwaukee Urban League Academy of Business and Economics
York, PA Atascosa, TX Dallas, TX Dallas, TX Dallas, TX Dallas, TX Dallas, TX Dallas, TX Dallas, TX San Antonio, TX Tyler, TX Milwaukee, WI Milwaukee, WI
2000 1997 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1998 1999 2000 2001
K-5 K-5 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 K-5 6-8 Pre-K-7 K-5
741 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 1000 Unknown
Yes Unknown No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes
Discontinued Schools
School Name Timberview-Edison Academy Location Colorado Springs, CO Year Founded 1999 Grade Levels Served 2000: Closed due to lack of enrollment9 Number of Students Enrolled Unknown Charter School? No
School closed at the end of the 2000-2001 academic year. Source: Edison School to Close, Denver Rocky Mountain News, 15 December 2000.
17
Washington Elementary School Dillingham Intermediate School
Sherman, TX Sherman, TX
1995 1996
2000: Contract not renewed10 2000: Contract not renewed
Unknown Unknown
No No
10
Contract with Edison was not renewed in June 2000. Source: Jonathan Fox, No Class, Dallas Observer, 27 January 2000.
18
Edison Schools (after acquisition of LearnNow, Inc.)

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools 38 60 84 109 Number of Students X X X 75,000
19
Edison Schools (had they not acquired LearnNow, Inc.)

Number of Schools Number of Students 1998-1999 38 X 1999-2000 60 X 2000-2001 84 X 2001-2002 100 Unknown
20
LearnNow, Inc. (had they not been acquired by Edison)

Number of Schools Number of Students 1998-1999 0 X 1999-2000 2000-2001 0 5 X X 2001-2002 9 Unknown
21
The Leona Group

Address 4660 S. Hagadorn Rd. Ste. 500 East Lansing, MI 48823 1313 E. Osborn Rd. Ste. 100 Phnix, AZ 85014 Telephone 517-333-9030 FAX: 517-333-4559 602-953-2933 FAX: 602-953-0831 WWW Address www.leonagroup.com www.leonagroupaz.com Year Founded 1996 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable11
Schools12
School Name
Apache Trail High School Apex Academy Estrella High School El Dorado High School Desert Hills High School
11
Location
Apache Junction, AZ Apache Junction, AZ Avondale, AZ Chandler, AZ Gilbert, AZ
Year Founded
1997 2001 1999 1999 1999
Grade Levels Served

9-12 7-8 9-12 9-12 9-12
Number of Students Enrolled

163 27 380 271 325
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
The Business of Education, Business Week Online, 7 February 2000. Information confirmed by Pat McMahon, Leona Group via a fax communication on 5 November 2001. 11 Information was gathered from the following sources: www.charterschools.org/schools.html on 29 August 2001, the Arizona Department of Education at http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp on 31 August 2001, and www.leonagroupaz.com. Information was updated and verified by Pat McMahon, Leona Group, via a fax communication on 5 November 2001.
22
Maya High School Sun Valley High School Sun Valley Middle School Peoria Accelerated High School Ocotillo High School Summit High School West Phoenix High School Tempe Accelerated High School Tucson Accelerated High School Academy for Business and Technology Allen Academy Beacon International Academy Cesar Chavez Academy Cesar Chavez Academy Charlotte Forten Academy George Crockett Academy Hope of Detroit Academy Joy Preparatory Academy Pierre Toussaint Academy Voyageur Academy Woodward Academy Northridge Academy William C. Abney Academy Navigator Academy New City Academy Walter French Academy of Business and Technology TriValley Academy Francis Reh Academy
Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Mesa, AZ Peoria, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Tempe, AZ Tucson, AZ Dearborn Heights, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Flint, MI Grand Rapids, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Lansing, MI Muskegon, MI Saginaw, MI
1998 1997 2001 1999 1999 1998 1997 1997 1997 1997 1999 1999 1996 1998 1998 1998 1999 1999 1998 1998 1995 1999 1998 1996 1999 1996 1995 1998
9-12 9-12 7-8 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 6-12 K-8 K-5 K-5 6-12 Ages 12-18 K-8 K-8 K-3 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 K-6 K-6 K-12 K-8 K-8
461 787 54 434 407 461 651 298 488 384 474 250 454 340 190 350 383 165 400 342 740 429 175 50 84 650 300 316
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
23
The Leona Group

24
Mosaica Education
Address 880 Las Gallinas Ave. Ste. 1 San Rafael, CA 94903 Telephone 415-491-1305 FAX: 415-491-1309 WWW Address www.mosaicaeducation.com Year Founded 1997 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools1314
School Name
Phoenix Advantage School Denver Arts and Technology Academy Arts and Technology Academy Howard Road Academy Marion T Academy
13
Location
Phoenix, AZ Denver, CO Washington, DC Washington, DC Wilmington, DE
Year Founded
1997 2000 1999 1999 2000
Grade Levels Served

K-8 K-5 K-6 K-5 K-5

950 250 611 373 625
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Faxed communication with Gene Eidelman, Mosaica Education, on 30 September 2000. The information listed was updated from the Arizona Department of Educations website and with information from Mosaicas website, http://www.mosaicaeducation.com/where.html, accessed on 27 August 2001, and verified by Irene Ford, executive assistant, Mosaica Education, on 27 December 2001 . In July 2001, Mosaica Education acquired Advantage Schools, Inc. The schools listed in bold face were Advantage Schools prior to acquisition http://www.advantage-schools.com/news/mosaica%20070201.htm.
14
25
Victory Charter School Bay County Public School Academy Benton Harbor Charter School Detroit Advantage Academy Center Academy Grand Blanc Academy George Washington Carver Academy Kalamazoo Advantage Academy Capital Area Academy Pontiac Public School Academy Mosaica Academy of Saginaw Sugar Creek Charter School Liberty Academy Charter School New Horizons Community Charter School Ronald H Brown Academy Leadership Learning Partners Charter School Renaissance Advantage Charter School
Fairburn, GA Bay City, MI Benton Harbor, MI Detroit, MI Flint, MI Grand Blanc, MI Highland Park, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Pontiac, MI Saginaw, MI Charlotte, NC Jersey City, NJ Newark, NJ Harrisburg, PA Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA
2000 2001 2000 2000 1999 1999 1999 1998 1999 2001 1997 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 1999
K-5 K-6 K-5 K-5 K-7 K-6 K-6 K-6 K-6 K-5 K-8 K-7 K-7 K-5 K-6 K-5 K-6
Unknown 217 462 697 355 490 558 575 287 385 420 595 206 493 478 558 625
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
26
School Name Octavio Paz Charter School Location Chicago, IL Year Founded 1998 Grade Levels Served 2000: Management contract with Advantage not renewed15 2000: Management contract with Advantage not renewed16 Contract with Advantage discontinued 2000: Lost Contract with Advantage17 Contract with Advantage discontinued 2000: Contract with Advantage not renewed18 2001: Contract with Mosaica lost Contract with Number of Students Enrolled Unknown Charter School? Yes
Mystic Valley Advantage Regional Charter School Abby Kelley Foster Regional Charter School Rocky Mount Charter School Jersey City Golden Door Charter School New Covenant Charter School Mosaica Academy Charter School Collegium Charter School
15 16
Malden, MA
1998
Unknown
Yes
Worcester, MA Rocky Mount, NC Jersey City, NJ Albany, NY Bensalem, PA West Chester, PA
1998 1997 1998 1999 1998 1999
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 500
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Telephone communication with Octavio Paz Charter School, 8 December 2000. Manager pulls out of Malden charter school, Boston Globe, 10 February 2000, B7. 17 Alison Gendar, Many Woes for firm on Ed Bd. List, Daily News, 11 September 2000, News, 24. 18 Alison Gendar, Many Woes for firm on Ed Bd. List, Daily News, 11 September 2000, News, 24.
27
Oak Cliff Academy Houston Advantage Charter School Midland Advantage Charter School New Frontiers Charter School
Dallas, TX Houston, TX Midland, TX San Antonio, TX
1999 1999 1999 1998
Mosaica discontinued Contract with Advantage discontinued Contract with Advantage discontinued Contract with Advantage discontinued Contract with Advantage discontinued
Yes Yes Yes Yes
28
Mosaica Education (after acquisition of Advantage Schools, Inc.)

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools 2 8 12 22 Number of Students X X X Unknown
29
Mosaica Education (had they not acquired Advantage Schools, Inc.)

30
Advantage Schools, Inc. (had they not been acquired by Mosaica Education)
31
National Heritage Academies (Formerly Educational Development Corporation)

Address 989 Spaulding Ave. S.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49546 Telephone 616-222-1700 877-233-6402 FAX: 616-222-1701 WWW Address www.heritageacademies.com Email [email protected] Year Founded 1995 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable19
Schools20
School Name
Chandler Woods Charter Academy Burton Glen Charter Academy Cross Creek Charter Academy Canton Charter Academy Linden Charter Academy
19
Location
Belmont, MI Burton, MI Byron Center, MI Canton, MI Flint, MI
Year Founded
1999 1999 1997 2000 1999
Grade Levels Served

K-7 K-7 K-8 K-6 K-8

447 513 498 533 602
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Greg Lambert, CFO, National Heritage Academies, declined to provide this information via an email communication on 30 November and 2 December 2001. Information on profitability was gathered from Growing Charter School Firm Says It Learned To Turn A Profit http://www.freep.com/news/education/skul3_20011203.htm accessed on 6 December 2001. 20 Faxed communication with Kellie Hoerner, National Heritage Academies, on 3 October 2000. Updated using webpage http://www.heritageacademies.com/academies.htm on 27 August 2001 and again verified with Kellie Hoerner, development coordinator, National Heritage Academies, on 1 October 2001.
32
Excel Charter Academy Knapp Charter Academy Ridge Park Charter Academy Vista Charter Academy Eagle Crest Charter Academy Vanderbilt Charter Academy Paragon Charter Academy Paramount Charter Academy Windemere Park Charter Academy Timberland Charter Academy
Grand Rapids, MI Grand Rapids, MI Grand Rapids, MI Grand Rapids, MI Holland, MI Holland, MI Jackson, MI Kalamazoo, MI Lansing, MI Muskegon, MI Pontiac, MI Romulus, MI Saginaw, MI Springfield, MI Walker, MI Warrendale, MI Wyoming, MI Ypsilanti, MI Durham, NC Greensboro, NC Raleigh, NC Winston-Salem, NC Rochester, NY
1995 1997 1998 1996 1997 1996 1998 1998 1999 1998 1999 2000 1999 1998 1997 2001 1996 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000
K-8 K-8 K-7 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-7 K-6 K-7 K-6 K-7 K-8 K-8 K-5 K-8 K-7 K-6 K-7 K-5 K-7 K-8
655 659 382 507 551 400 456 561 499 422 606 495 532 598 605 418 582 572 122 631 164 592 337
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
(formerly Cardinal Charter Academy)
Walton Charter Academy Metro Charter Academy North Saginaw Charter Academy Endeavor Charter Academy Walker Charter Academy Warrendale Charter Academy Vanguard Charter Academy South Arbor Charter Academy Research Triangle Charter Academy Greensboro Academy, Battleground PreEminent Charter School Forsyth Academy Rochester Leadership Academy Charter School
33
National Heritage Academies

34
Beacon Education Management (formerly Alternative Public Schools)

Address 112 Turnpike Road Suite 107 Westborough, MA 01581 Telephone 508-836-4461 FAX: 508-836-2604 WWW Address www.beaconedu.com Email: [email protected] Year Founded 1992 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately held Profitable or Not Profitable Not Profitable21
* Schools marked with an asterisk are run by Beacon Education Management-Michigan (Utica, MI), an affiliate of Beacon
Schools22
School Name
Meridian Public Charter School Thomas Jefferson Charter School** Murdoch Middle Charter School Lowell Community Charter Mystic Valley Regional Charter School Rising Tide Charter School
21 22
Location
Washington, DC Itasca, IL Chelmsford, MA Lowell, MA Malden, MA Plymouth, MA
Year Founded
1999 1999 1996 2000 1998 1998
Grade Levels Served

K-4 K-8 5-8 K-3 K-8 5-8

243 Unknown 199 295 770 196
Charter School?
Amendment no. 2 to Form S-1, Securities and Exchange Commission filing dated 17 July 2001. Information originally confirmed for last years edition via a fax communication with Carol Wing, Beacon Educational Management, on 5 October 2000. Updated with information from Beacon Education Managements Amendment no. 2 to Form S-1, Securities and Exchange Commission filing dated 17 July 2001, and updated again with information from www.beaconedu.com accessed on 22 August 2001. EPSL tried contacting Beacon Educational Management on several occasions for its input on confirming the data for this years directory, but no one in the company responded to our inquiries.
35
The Learning Academy* Chandler Park Academy* Philip Chandler Park Academy* Greenfield Chandler Park Academy* Haverhill Detroit Community High School* Landmark Academy* White Pine Academy* Renaissance Academy* Muskegon Technical Academy* Great Lakes Academy* Pontiac Academy of Excellence* Conner Creek Academy East* West Michigan Academy of Arts & Academics* Huron Academy* Conner Creek Academy* Southwest Community Charter School Ethel Hedgeman Lyle Academy St. Louis Community Charter School Thurgood Marshall Academy Engelmann Charter School South Buffalo Charter School Central New York Charter School for Math and Science
Byron Center, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Detroit, MI Port Huron, MI Leslie, MI Mt. Pleasant, MI Muskegon, MI Pontiac, MI Pontiac, MI Roseville, MI Spring Lake, MI Sterling Heights, MI Warren, MI Kansas City, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis, MO St. Louis, MO Claremont, NC Buffalo, NY Syracuse, NY
1996 1998 1998 1998 1997 1999 1999 1995 2001 1997 2000 1999 1996 1999 1999 1999 2000 2000 2000 1996 2000 2000
K-10 8 2,3,7 6 9-12 K-8 K-8 K-8 6-9 K-6 K-5 K-6 K-8 K-5 K-6 6-9 K-2 K-6 K-8 K-6 K-4 K-6
157 182 125 192 312 219 128 93 Unknown 389 242 397 289 264 520 475 193 512 581 201 232 393
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
36
Roxbury Prep Charter School Frederick Douglass Charter School
Roxbury, MA Dorchester, MA
Unknown Unknown
6-7 5-6
140 102
Limited Service Client Limited Service Client
37
Beacon Education Management

38
Charter School Administrative Services

.
Address 20755 Greenfield Rd. Suite 300 Southfield, MI 48075
Telephone 248-569-7787 248-334-2814 FAX: 248-569-6674
WWW Address None
Year Founded 1995
Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held
Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools23
School Name
The Tampa United Methodist School Academy of Detroit West Academy of Michigan Academy of Oak Park Academy of Flint
23
Location
Tampa, FL Detroit, MI Ferndale, MI Ferndale, MI Flint, MI
Year Founded
Unknown 1995 1997 1995 1999
Grade Levels Served

Unknown K-6 9-12 6-12 K-7

Unknown 569 295 1504 426
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Attempts were made to confirm this information with company representatives throughout 2000 and 2001, most recently, on 21 September, 10 October, and 7 November 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to any of its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from the following: Brooks, Phillips, Austin charter school clears out, Austin American-Statesman, 2 December 1999, News A1; Brown, Marilyn, Two charter schools struggle to survive, The Tampa Tribune, 22 November 1999, Florida/Metro, 1; Schiller, Dana, Charter firm stands behind school; Company say Dallas campus will stay open The Dallas Morning News, 9 January 2000, News, 23A; Silence in the halls, Austin American-Statesman, 4 December 1999, Editorial, A14; Kansas City Charter Schools List, www.lx.org/csp/kcakc.html, cited on 7 December 2000; Michigan Association of Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org accessed on 29 August 2001.
39
Academy of Inkster Cherry Hill School of Performing Arts Academy of Lanthrup Village Academy of Southfield Academy of Westland Academy of Kansas City Unknown Unknown Academy of Dallas Bexar County Academy
Inkster, MI Inkster, MI Lanthrup Village, MI Southfield, MI Westland, MI Kansas City, MO Beaumont, TX Houston, TX Oak Cliff, TX San Antonio, TX
1999 1999 1995 1995 1996 1999 Unknown Unknown 1999 Unknown
9-12 K-12 K-8 K-6 K-6 K-8 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
94 1257 588 482 343 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
School Name Academy of Austin Location Austin, TX Year Founded 1999 Grade Levels Served CLOSED December 1, 1999 due to facility problems24 Number of Students Enrolled Charter School? Yes
24
Austin charter school clears out, Austin American Statesman 2 December 1999 News; A1.
40
Charter School Administrative Services

41
Charter Schools USA

Address 6245 N. Federal Hwy 5th Floor Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308 Telephone 954-202-3500 FAX: 954-202-3512 WWW Address www.charterschoolsusa.c om Year Founded 1998 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown25
Schools26
School Name
Coral Springs Charter School North Broward Academy of Excellence North Lauderdale Academy High School Northeast Academy Ryder Elementary Charter School Parkway Academy
25 26
Location
Coral Springs, FL North Lauderdale, FL North Lauderdale, FL
Year Founded
1999 2001 1998
Grade Levels Served

6-12 K-3 9-12 K-5 K-5 9-11

1600 200 785 250 480 400
Charter School?
North Miami Beach, FL 2001 Miami, FL 1999 Miramar, FL 2001
Faxed communication with Elaine Bryant, Charter Schools USA, on 5 October 2001. Faxed communication with Elaine Bryant, Charter Schools USA, on 2 October 2000. Updated with information from www.charterschoolsusa.com accessed on 22 August 2001 and again via a fax communication with Elaine Bryant, Charter Schools USA, on 5 October 2001.
42
vanKara North County Charter School Bay Haven Charter Academy McCullough Academy of Excellence Oak Cliff Academy Houston Gateway Academy Midland Academy Charter School New Frontiers Charter School San Marcos Preparatory School The Academy of Skills & Knowledge
Opa-Locka, FL Panama City, FL Austin, TX Dallas, TX Houston, TX Midland, TX San Antonio, TX San Marcos, TX Tyler, TX
2001 2001 2000 2001* 2001* 2001* 2001* 2001 2001*
K-5 K-5 K-4 K-6 K-7 K-7 K-8 K-5 K-8
355 215 285 680 650 755 790 180 380
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
* - Schools marked with an asterisk were in existence prior to 2001 but were not managed by Charter Schools USA until 2001
43
Charter Schools USA

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X 5 4 15 Number of Students X X X 8,005
44
White Hat Management

Address 159 S. Main St. Ste. 210 Akron, OH 44308 Telephone 330-535-6868 FAX: 330-535-5055 WWW Address www.whitehatmgmt.com Year Founded 1998 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable27
Schools28
School Name
Hope Academy - Brown Street Campus Hope Academy - University Campus Life Skills Center - Akron Life Skills Center - Cincinnati
27
Location
Akron, OH Akron, OH Akron, OH Cincinnati, OH
Year Founded
1998 1998 1999 1998
Grade Levels Served

K-8 K-6 Ages 16-22 Ages 16-22

Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Information confirmed by Paul Freeman, Director of Marketing Communications, White Hate Management, via an email communication on 8 November 2001. 28 The information listed is drawn from the following sources: Faxed communication with Allison Allen from TPS Productions; France Griggs, Buses lacking, but spirits high at Riverside Academy, Cincinnati Post, 6 September 1999; Community Schools in Ohio: First Year Implementation Report, www.loeo.state.oh.us/pdf/community_school.pdf; and Dennis Willard and Doug Oplinger, Charter experiment goes awry, Schools fail to deliver: Education, safety left behind in Ohios rush to open academies, Akron Beacon Journal, 12 December 1999. www.whitehatmgmt.com. Information was updated using White Hats website www.whitehatmgmt.com/school_locations.html on 27 August 2001. All information was then updated and confirmed by Paul Freeman, Director of Marketing Communications, White Hate Management, via an email communication on 8 November 2001.
45
Riverside Academy Hope Academy - Broadway Campus Hope Academy - Cathedral Campus Hope Academy - Chapel Side Campus Hope Academy - Lincoln Park Campus Hope Academy-West Campus Life Skills Center - Cleveland Life Skills Center - Middletown Life Skills Center - Springfield Life Skills - Warren Life Skills - Youngstown
Cincinnati, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Cleveland, OH Middletown, OH Springfield, OH Warren, OH Youngstown, OH
1999 1999 1998 1998 1999 2001 2000 2001 2001 2001 1999
K-8 K-8 K-8 K-8 K-6 K-7 Ages 16-22 Ages 16-22 Ages 16-22 Ages 16-22 Ages 16-22
Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
46
White Hat Management

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X 12 9 15 Number of Students X X X Unknown
47
Chancellor Academies (formerly known as Cambridge Academies)

Address 3250 Mary St. Suite 202 Coconut Grove, FL 33133 Telephone 305-648-5950 FAX: 305-648-5951 WWW Address www.chancelloracademie s.com Year Founded 1999 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown29
Schools30
School Name
Chancellor Charter School Campus at West Gilbert Chancellor Charter School Campus at Bell Canyon Chancellor Charter School Campus at Cortez Park Chancellor Charter Campus at Sierra Vista Options Public Charter School
29 30
Location
Gilbert, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Sierra Vista, AZ Washington, DC
Year Founded
2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Grade Levels Served

Pre-K-6 Pre-K-6 K-6 K-8 5-8

515 520 445 234 134
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
EPSL tried contacting Charles M. Andolsek, CFO, Chancellor Academies, on 7 December 2001 for this information but we did not receive a response. Information compiled from the Chancellor Academies website (www.chancelloracademies.com) and the Arizona Department of Education (www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 31 August 2001. Information then updated via a fax communication with Laura Benoit, Chancellor Academies, on 23 October and 29 November 2001.
48
Chancellor Charter School of Weston Four Corners Charter School Kissimmee Charter Elementary School P.M. Wells Elementary, a Chancellor Charter School Chancellor Charter School at Lantana Chancellor Charter School at North Lauderdale Milestones Community School Stepping Stones Community School North Tampa Alternative Charter School
Broward County, FL Davenport, FL Kissimmee, FL Kissimmee, FL Lantana, FL North Lauderdale, FL Palm Bay, FL Palm Bay, FL Tampa, FL
2001 2000 2000 2001 2001 2001 1998 2001 2001
Unknown Pre-K-8 Pre-K-5 K-5 5-11 K-5 5-11 K-4 K-5
648 990 634 290 460 450 Unknown 181 227
49
Chancellor Academies
Number of Schools Number of Students *Total number of students for 13 schools 1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 X X X 14 X X X 5,728*
50
Helicon Associates
Address P.O. Box 1014 Flat Rock, MI 48134 Telephone 734-379-9795 FAX: 734-379-9794 WWW Address None Year Founded 1993 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable31
Schools32
School Name
Pansophia Academy Summit Academy Sauk Trail Academy33 Will Carleton Academy Thomas-Gist Academy (2 Locations) New Bedford Academy Marshall Academy Michigan Automotive Academy
31 32
Location
Coldwater, MI Flat Rock, MI Hillsdale, MI Hillsdale, MI Inkster, MI Westland, MI Lambertville, MI Marshall, MI Romulus, MI
Year Founded
1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 1995 1998 2000 1996
Grade Levels Served

K-12 K-12 K-8 K-9 5-8 K-4 K-8 K-7 9-12

225 673 180 188 350 Combined 205 240 500 Combined
Charter School?
Information verified via fax with Anne Gregory, Helicon Associates, on 1 October 2001. E-mail communication with Anne Gregory, Helicon Associates, on 9 October 2000. Updated using www.charterschools.org on 29 August 2001 and again verified with Anne Gregory, Helicon Associates, via fax on 1 October 2001. 33 Sauk Trail Academy used to be managed by Educational Resources of Michigan, Helicon Associates replaced them at the start of the 2000-2001 school year.
51
(2 Locations) Summit North Academy
Detroit, MI Romulus, MI
1996 1998
K-8 K-12
968
Yes Yes
52
Helicon Associates
53
Excel Education Centers, Inc.

Address 1040 Whipple St. Ste. 324 Prescott, AZ 86305 Telephone 800-417-9036 928-778-5764 FAX: 520-445-2989 WWW Address www.excel.apscc.k12.az.us Year Founded 1995 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately held Profitable or Not Profitable Break Even34
Schools35
School Name
Excel Education Center Chino Valley Excel Education Center Cottonwood Excel Education Center Flagstaff Excel Education Center Fort Mohave
34 35
Location
Chino Valley, AZ Cottonwood, AZ Flagstaff, AZ Fort Mohave, AZ
Year Founded
1999 1995 1996 2001
Grade Levels Served

6-12 9-12 6-12 9-12

100 120 220 60
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
E-mail communication with Lois Schmittinger, Excel Education Centers, on 5 December 2001. E-mail communication with Lois Schmittinger, Excel Education Centers, on 27 September 2000. Updated with information from website www.excel.apscc.k12.az.us/products.htm accessed on 24 August, 2001. Information updated with Arizona Department of Education website (www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 31 August 2001 and confirmed and updated via an Email communication with Lois Schmittinger, Executive Secretary, Excel Education Centers, Inc on 2 October 2001.
54
Excel Education Center Prescott Excel Education Center Prescott Valley Excel Education Center San Carlos
Prescott, AZ Prescott Valley, AZ San Carlos, AZ
1995 1996 1996
6-12 6-12 6-12
200 220 120
Yes Yes Yes
School Name Excel Education Center Williams Location Williams, AZ Year Founded 1995 Grade Levels Served CLOSED Number of Students Enrolled CLOSED Charter School? Yes
55
Excel Education Centers, Inc.

56
SABIS Educational Systems

Address 6385 Beach Rd. Eden Prairie, MN 55344 Telephone 952-918-1850 FAX: 952-918-1851 WWW Address www.sabis.net Email: [email protected] Year Founded 1886 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown36
Schools37
School Name
SABIS International School SABIS Foxborough Regional Charter School The Somerville Charter School SABIS International Charter School International Academy of Flint Guilford-SABIS Charter School
Location
Phoenix, AZ Foxborough, MA Somerville, MA Springfield, MA Flint, MI Greensboro, NC
Year Founded
2001 1998 1996 1995 1999 2001
Grade Levels Served

K-6 K-11 K-12 K-12 K-10 K-8

250 699 639 1225 754 450
Charter School?
SABIS Educational Systems refused to provide this information. Faxed communication with Udo Schulz, SABIS Educational Systems, on 29 September 2000. Revised using info from website www.sabis.net accessed on 27 August 2001 and again verified and updated via an Email communication with SABIS Educational Systems on 2 October, 2001.
37
36
57
SABIS International School of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH
2000
K-7
694
Yes
School Name The Chicago International School North Campus The Chicago International School South Campus Location Chicago, IL Year Founded 1997 Grade Levels Served 1999: Transferred to non-profit American Quality Schools 1999: Transferred to Edison Number of Students Enrolled Unknown Charter School? Yes
Chicago, IL
1997
Unknown
Yes
58
SABIS Educational Systems

59
Designs for Learning, Inc.

Address 1021 Bandana Blvd. Ste. 214 St. Paul, MN 55108 Telephone 651-645-0200 FAX: 651-645-0240 WWW Address www.designlearn.net Year Founded 1987 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown38
Schools39
School Name
Concordia Creative Learning Academy Family Learning Center High School for Recording Arts Minnesota International Middle School Minnesota Technology High School Twin Cities International Elementary School
38 39
Location
St. Paul, MN St. Paul, MN St. Paul, MN St. Paul, MN St. Paul, MN St. Paul, MN
Year Founded
1998 1996 1998 2001 1998 2001
Grade Levels Served

K-6 K-5 9-12 5-8 9-12 K-4

120 120 140 45 100 120
Charter School?
Designs for Learning, Inc. refused to provide this information after a request on 30 November 2001 Faxed communication with Andrew Adelmann, Designs for Learning, on 2 October 2000. Updated with information from website www.designlearn.com/clcschools.html accessed on 22 August 2001 and again updated via email communications with Andrew Adelmann on 4 and 10 October 2001.
60
Designs for Learning, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X 5 6 6 Number of Students X X X 645
61
Nobel Learning Communities, Inc.

Address Rose Tree Corporate Center II 1400 N. Providence Rd. Media, PA 19063 Telephone 610-891-8200 FAX: 610-891-8222 WWW Address www.nobellearning.com Email: [email protected] Year Founded 1982 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Publicly traded (NLCI on NASDAQ) Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable40
Schools41
* Schools started by TesseracT in 1999 but owned by Nobel Learning Communities, Inc. since 2000.
School Name
Desert Heights School* Fletcher Heights Elementary School* Franklin Towne Charter School People for People Charter School
40
Location
Glendale, AZ Peoria, AZ Philadelphia, PA Philadelphia, PA
Year Founded
1999 1999 2000 2000
Grade Levels Served

K-8 K-8 9-12 K-5

350 462 686 360
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Information verified with Ann Waiters, Nobel Learning Communities, on 18 October 2000. Verified by Robert Pursy, Nobel Learning Communities, via a fax communication on 9 November 2001. 41 Faxed communication with Ann Waiters, Nobel Learning Communities, on 18 October 2000. The information listed was updated with information from Nobels website www.nobellearning.com/charter.htm accessed on 27 August 2001and the Arizona Department of Educations website, http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp, accessed on 31 August 2001. Information then updated via a fax communication with Robert Pursy, Nobel Learning Communities on 9 November 2001.
62
Philadelphia Academy Charter School
Philadelphia, PA
1999
K-8
644
Yes
63
Nobel Learning Communities, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X X 5 5 Number of Students X X X 2,502
64
Pinnacle Education, Inc.

Address 4700 S. McClintock 140 Tempe, AZ 85282 Telephone 480-755-8222 FAX: 480-755-8111 WWW Address www.pin-ed.com Year Founded 2000 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable42
Schools43
School Name
WestMark High School WestMark High School Chandler Blvd. Kino Academy Day Star Academy South Mountain Academy
Location
Chandler, AZ Chandler, AZ Nogales, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ
Year Founded
2001 2001 2001 2001 2001
Grade Levels Served

K-12 K-12 K-12 K-12 K-12

50 57 125 116 125
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Information confirmed via a fax communication with Pinnacle Education, Inc. on 30 November 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 5 September 2001. Information confirmed and updated via a fax communication with Pinnacle Education, Inc. on 2 October and 30 November 2001.
43
42
65
Pinnacle Education, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X X X 5 Number of Students X X X 473
66
Victory Schools, Inc.

Address 712 5th Ave. 23th Floor New York, NY 10019 Telephone 212-720-0310 FAX: 212-582-1816 WWW Address www.victoryschools.com Year Founded 1999 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown44
Schools45
School Name
Westport Academy Elementary School Westport Academy Middle School Sisulu Childrens Academy Roosevelt Childrens Academy Merrick Academy
Location
Baltimore, MD Baltimore, MD Harlem, NY Roosevelt, NY Queens Village, NY
Year Founded
2001 2001 1999 2000 2000
Grade Levels Served

Pre-K-4 5-8 1-4 K-3 K-3

352 198 330 187 175
Charter School?
No No Yes Yes Yes
44 45
Victory Schools, Inc. refused to provide this information after a request on 14 November 2001. Faxed Communication with Erik Heyer, Victory Schools, on 4 October 2000. Updated again with information from a fax communication with Erik Heyer, Victory Schools, on 5 October 2001.
67
Victory Schools, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X 2 3 5 Number of Students X X X 1,242
68
Ideabanc, Inc.
Address 7454 E. Broadway Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85710 Telephone 520-296-1100 FAX: 520-296-1446 WWW Address www.amerischools.com Year Founded 1998 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable46
Schools47
School Name
AmeriSchools Academy AmeriSchools Middle Academy AmeriSchools College Academy AmeriSchools Academy
Location
Phoenix, AZ Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ Yuma, AZ
Year Founded
1998 2000 1998 1999
Grade Levels Served

K-12 6-8 9-12 K-6

235 66 90 141
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
46 47
Information confirmed via fax with Reginald Barr, Superintendent/CEO, Amerischools, on 24 September 2001. Information gathered from Arizona Department of Education at http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp on 31 August 2001 and updated with information from fax communication with Reginald Barr, Superintendent/CEO, Amerischools, on 24 September 2001.
69
Ideabanc, Inc.
70
Ombudsman Educational Services, Ltd.

Address 1585 N. Milwaukee Ave. Libertyville, IL 60048 Telephone 847-367-6383 FAX: 847-367-0367 WWW Address None Year Founded 1975 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable48
Schools49
School Name
Ombudsman Learning Center West Ombudsman Learning Center East Ombudsman Learning Center Metro Ombudsman Learning Center Northeast
Location
Glendale, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ
Year Founded
1998 1996 1999 2000
Grade Levels Served

6-12 7-12 6-12 6-12

80 80 80 80
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes Yes
48 49
Information confirmed via a fax communication with Brenda Walker, Ombudsman Educational Services, on 11 October and 20 November 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 31 August 2001 and updated via a fax communication with Brenda Walker, Ombudsman Educational Services, on 11 October 2001.
71
Ombudsman Educational Services, Ltd.

72
Benjamin Franklin Charter School

Address 13732 E. Warner Gilbert, AZ 85296 Telephone 480-497-8822 FAX: 480-497-0444 WWW Address Unknown Year Founded Unknown Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools50
School Name
Benjamin Franklin Charter School Benjamin Franklin Charter School Benjamin Franklin Charter School
Location
Gilbert, AZ Mesa, AZ Queen Creek, AZ
Year Founded
1997 1995 1996
Grade Levels Served

K-6 K-5 K-8

497 311 508
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes
Attempts were made to confirm this information with company representatives on 24 September, 10 and 26 October, and 16 November 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to any of its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from the following: Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 5 September 2001.
50
73
Benjamin Franklin Charter Schools

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X X X 3 Number of Students X X X 1,316
74
Choice Schools Associates, LLC

Address 2230 Breton Rd. SE Grand Rapids, MI 49546 Telephone Unknown WWW Address Unknown Year Founded Unknown Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools51
School Name
Creative Learning Academy of Science, Mathematics and Humanities Grattan Academy West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science
Location
Beaverton, MI Belding, MI Walker, MI
Year Founded
1996 1996 1994
Grade Levels Served

K-8 K-8 K-9

38 89 450
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes
EPSL was unable to contact Choice Schools Associates, LLC. Attempts were made to contact the schools on 31 October 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from the following: Michigan Association of Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org/schools.html accessed on 29 August 2001.
51
75
Choice Schools Associates, LLC

76
Educational Services, Inc.

Address 715 N. 7th St. Cottonwood, AZ 86326 Telephone 928-634-2878 FAX: 928-634-5195 WWW Address Unknown Year Founded Unknown Privately Held or Publicly Traded Unknown Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools52
School Name
Pathways Charter High Pathways Preparatory Academy Pathways to College
Location
Camp Verde, AZ Camp Verde, AZ Safford, AZ
Year Founded
1999 2000 2000
Grade Levels Served

9-12 6-8 7-12

Unknown Unknown Unknown
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes
52
Attempts were made to confirm this information with company representatives on 24 September, 10 October, 29 October, and 16 November 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from the Arizona Department of Educations website, http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp, accessed on 5 September 2001.
77
Educational Services, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X X X 3 Number of Students X X X Unknown
78
For-Profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey
Innovative Educational Programs

Address 287 Childs Road Basking Ridge, NJ 07920 Telephone 888-882-1003 908-630-9600 FAX: 908-630-9348 WWW Address www.ieponline.com Email : [email protected] Year Founded 1997 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable53
Schools54
School Name
Benjamin Carson Academy Innovative Educational Programs at Hillside New Brunswick Health Sciences High School
Location
Detroit, MI Hillside, NJ New Brunswick, NJ
Year Founded
1999 2001 1999
Grade Levels Served

4-12 K-5 Special Education 9-12

135 30 120
Charter School?
Yes No No
53 54
Information confirmed in a fax communication with Dr. Elena Scambio, Innovative Educational Programs, on 9 April 2001. Information confirmed in fax communications with Dr. Elena Scambio, Innovative Educational Programs on 21 September and 15 November 2001.
79
Innovative Educational Programs

80
Smart Schools, Inc.

Address 10192 E. Grand River Ste. 113 Brighton, MI 48116 Telephone 810-225-3292 FAX: 810-225-3306 WWW Address www.smartschoolsinc.com Year Founded 1996 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable55
Schools56
School Name
Livingston Developmental Academy Livingston Technical Academy Grand Traverse Academy
Location
Howell, MI Howell, MI Traverse City, MI
Year Founded
1996 1995 2000
Grade Levels Served

K-8 9-12 K-6

400 130 302
Charter School?
Yes Yes Yes
Information from fax communication with Carlie Lockwood, Smart Schools, on 4 October 2001. Faxed communication with Carlie Lockwood, Smart Schools, on 16 October 2000; and www.smartschoolsinc.com cited on 8 December 2000 and 27 August 2001. Information updated from www.charterschools.org/schools.html (accessed on 29 August 2001) and verified via a fax communication with Carlie Lockwood, Smart Schools, on 4 October 2001.
56
55
81
School Name New Land Arts Academy Location Manistee, MI Year Founded 1996 Grade Levels Served No longer their charter Number of Students Enrolled Charter School?
82
Smart Schools, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X 1 4 3 Number of Students X X X 832
83
Allen-Cochran Enterprises, Inc.

Address 2147 E. Caroline Lane Tempe, AZ 85284 Telephone 480-632-1940 FAX: 480-632-1398 WWW Address None Year Founded 1997 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable N/A57
Schools58
School Name
Center for Educational Excellence Center for Educational Excellence
Location
Tempe, AZ Tempe, AZ
Year Founded
1997 1997
Grade Levels Served

K-8 Preschool

230 40
Charter School?
Yes Yes
57 58
Faxed communication with Stacey Cochran, Allen-Cochran Enterprises, Inc., on 24 September 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 5 September 2001 and updated with faxed communication with Stacey Cochran, Allen-Cochran Enterprises, Inc., on 24 September 2001.
84
Allen-Cochran Enterprises, Inc.

85
Crawford First Education

Address 825 Crawford Parkway Portsmouth, VA 23704 Telephone 757-391-6675 FAX : 757-391-6651 WWW Address www.absfirst.com/CFE. HTM Email: [email protected] Year Founded 1992 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown59
Schools60
School Name
Crawford Day School Port Enterprise
Location
Portsmouth, VA Portsmouth, VA
Year Founded
1989 1994
Grade Levels Served

K-12 K-12

Unknown Unknown
Charter School?
No No
Crawford First Education refused to provide this information after a request on 30 November 2001. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: Fax communication with Deborah White, Crawford First Education, on 12 January 2000 and updated through a fax communication with Millie Davis, Crawford First Education, on October 17, 2001.
60
59
86
Crawford First Education

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X X X 2 Number of Students X X X Unknown
87
Desert Springs Academy

Address 10355 E. 29th St. Tucson, AZ 85748 Telephone 520-546-9966 FAX: 520-546-9848 WWW Address None Email: desertspringsacademy@e mail.msn.com Year Founded 1999 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable61
Schools62
School Name
Desert Springs Academy Desert Springs Academy
Location
Tucson, AZ Tucson, AZ
Year Founded
1999 2000
Grade Levels Served

K-8 K-8

92 150
Charter School?
Yes Yes
Information updated via a fax communication with Lydia Capara, Director, Desert Springs Academy, Inc., on 16 November 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 5 September 2001. Updated via a fax communication with Lydia Capara, Director, Desert Springs Academy, Inc., on 26 September 2001.
62
61
88
Desert Springs Academy

89
Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson, Inc.

Address 1301 E. Fort Lowell Rd Tucson, AZ 85719 Telephone 520-319-8668 FAX: 520-881-4096 WWW Address None Email: [email protected] Year Founded 1974 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown63
Schools64
School Name
Montessori Schoolhouse Montessori Schoolhouse
Location
Year Founded
1997 1997
Grade Levels Served

K 1-6

19 56
Charter School?
Yes Yes
63 64
Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson, Inc. refused to provide this information after an email request on 30 November 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 7 September 2001 and confirmed via fax communications with Michael Ebner, Business Manager, Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson, Inc, on 26 September and 14 November 2001.
90
Montessori Schoolhouse of Tucson, Inc.

91
Mountain Rose Academy, Inc.

Address 3686 W. Orange Grove Rd. Ste. 180 Tucson, AZ 85741 Telephone 520-229-1777 FAX: 520-229-1985 WWW Address None Year Founded 1999 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown65
Schools66
School Name
Desert Rose Academy Mountain Rose Academy
Location
Year Founded
1999 2000
Grade Levels Served

9-12 9-12

180 180
Charter School?
Yes Yes
Mountain Rose Academy, Inc. refused to provide this information after an email request on 30 November 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 7 September 2001. Updated via a fax communication with Daisy Maldonado, Mountain Rose Academy Inc., on 29 October 2001.
66
65
92
Mountain Rose Academy, Inc.

93
Pitman Resources, LLC (formerly Baurau LLC)

Address 13190 Central Ave. Mayer, AZ 86333 Telephone 928-632-4983 FAX: 928-632-4993 WWW Address Unknown Year Founded 1997 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable67
Schools68
School Name
Great American Academy II Great American Academy I
Location
Mayer, AZ Mesa, AZ
Year Founded
1997 1998
Grade Levels Served

K-12 K-12

50 67
Charter School?
Yes Yes
67 68
Faxed information from Sherrilyn Pitman, Pitman Resources, on 26 September 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 5 September 2001 and updated with a fax communication with Sherrilyn Pitman, Pitman Resources, on 26 September 2001.
94
Pitman Resources, LLC

95
Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc.

Address Detroit, MI 48129 Telephone 248-538-0072 WWW Address Unknown Year Founded Unknown Privately Held or Publicly Traded Unknown Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools69
School Name
Dove Academy Weston Technical Academy
Location
Detroit, MI Detroit, MI
Year Founded
1997 1998
Grade Levels Served

K-5 7-10

324 393
Charter School?
Unknown Unknown
69
EPSL was unable to contact the company. Attempts were made to confirm this information with both schools listed on 31 October 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. Schoolhouse Services and Staffing runs another school that is not for-profit (Detroit School of Industrial Arts). We could not establish if the two schools listed are also not-for-profit. Information from www.charterschools.org/schools/region3.html accessed on 29 August 2001.
96
Schoolhouse Services and Staffing, Inc.

97
APEX Education Systems, Inc.

Address 1313 N. 2nd St. 77 Phoenix, AZ 85004 Telephone 602-252-7727 FAX: 602-252-7729 WWW Address www.summitelementary.c om Year Founded 1998 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Not Profitable70
Schools71
School Name
Summit Elementary
Location
Phoenix, AZ
Year Founded
1999
Grade Levels Served

K-6

150
Charter School?
Yes
Information verified via a fax communication with Carolyn Sawyer, APEX, on 29 October 2001. Information found in Arizona Department of Educations website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) on 5 September 2001. Updated via a fax communication with Carolyn Sawyer, APEX, on 29 October 2001.
71
70
98
APEX Educational Systems, Inc.

99
Heritage Academy, Inc.

Address 32 S. Center Mesa, AZ 85201 Telephone 480-969-5641 FAX: 480-969-6972 WWW Address Unknown Year Founded Unknown Privately Held or Publicly Traded Unknown Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools72
School Name
Heritage Academy
Location
Mesa, AZ
Year Founded
Unknown
Grade Levels Served

7-12

359
Charter School?
Yes
72
Attempts were made to confirm this information with Heritage Academy on 26 September and 16 November 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from the Arizona Department of Educations website, http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp on 7 September and 26 November 2001.
100
Heritage Academy, Inc.

101
Lake Havasu Charter School, Inc.

Address 1055 Empire Dr. Lake Havasu City, AZ 86404 Telephone 928-505-5427 FAX: 928-505-3533 WWW Address Unknown Year Founded Unknown Privately Held or Publicly Traded Unknown Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools73
School Name
Lake Havasu Charter School
Location
Lake Havasu City, AZ
Year Founded
1996
Grade Levels Served

5-12

80
Charter School?
Yes
73
Attempts were made to confirm this information with company representatives on 26 September, 10 October, and 16 November 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from the Arizona Department of Educations website, http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp accessed on 7 September 2001.
102
Lake Havasu Charter School, Inc.

103
Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff

Address 1000 E. Appalachian Rd. Flagstaff, AZ 86004-1775 Telephone 928-226-1212 FAX: 928-774-0337 WWW Address [email protected] Year Founded 1995 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately held Profitable or Not Profitable Profitable74
Schools75
School Name
Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff (a single school located at four sites)
Location
Flagstaff, AZ
Year Founded
1995
Grade Levels Served

K-8

250
Charter School?
Yes
Information verified with Jim Spencer, Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, on 11 October 2001. Faxed communication with Jim Spencer, Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, on 2 October 2000. Information updated using Arizona Department of Education website (http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp) accessed on 31 August 2001 and again confirmed via a fax communication with Jim Spencer, Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff, on 11 October 2001.
75
74
104
Montessori Charter School of Flagstaff

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools X X 1 1 Number of Students X X X 250
105
ORBIS Management Group, LLC

Address 23885 Denton Clinton Township, MI 48036 Telephone 810-738-9999 800-275-6152 FAX: 810-738-9998 WWW Address www.orbisgroup.com Year Founded 1994 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Unknown Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools76
School Name
Walden Green Day School
Location
Spring Lake, MI
Year Founded
1994
Grade Levels Served

K-9

105
Charter School?
Yes
76
Attempts were made to confirm this information with company representatives on 12 October, 31 October and 16 November 2001. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. The information listed was compiled from Michigan Association of Public School Academies website, www.charterschools.org, accessed on 29 August 2001.
106
ORBIS Management Group, LLC

107
Sequoia Charter Schools

Address 1460 S. Horne Mesa, AZ 85204 Telephone 480-649-7737 ext 2037 FAX: 480-649-0747 WWW Address www.Sequoia.net Year Founded 1996 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Unknown Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown77
Schools78
School Name
Sequoia Choice Distance Learning School
Location
Mesa, AZ
Year Founded
1997
Grade Levels Served

K-12

125
Charter School?
Yes
Sequoia Charter Schools refused to provide this information. Information gathered from Arizona Department of Education at http://www.ade.state.az.us/charterschools/search/SiteList.asp on 7 September 2001. Information was updated via a fax communication with Paula McCormick, Sequoia Charter Schools, on 31 October 2001.
78
77
108
Sequoia Charter Schools

109
(Acquired by Mosaica Education on July 2001)79

Address Telephone WWW Address Year Founded Privately Held or Publicly Traded Profitable or Not Profitable
Advantage Schools, Inc. (See Mosaica Education)
Schools
School Name Location Year Founded Grade Levels Served Number of Students Enrolled Charter School?
79
http://www.advantage-schools.com/news/mosaica%20070201.htm
110
(Acquired by Edison Schools on July 2001)80

Address Telephone WWW Address Year Founded Privately Held or Publicly Traded Profitable or Not Profitable
LearnNow Inc. (See Edison Schools)
Schools81
School Name Location Year Founded Grade Levels Served Number of Students Enrolled Charter School?
80
http://www.edisonschools.com/news/news.cfm?ID=88 and http://www.corporate-ir.net/ireye/ir_site.zhtml?ticker=edsn&script=410&layout=6&item_id=188275. 81 Attempts were made throughout 2000 and 2001 to confirm information with LearnNow, Inc. However, EPSL did not receive a response to its inquiries. The information listed is drawn from the following sources: www.lnschools.com/apps/community/ca_plocation.cfm cited on 27 August 27, 2001.
111
Malone Management
Address 1750 Woodworth St. N.E. Grand Rapids, MI 49525 Telephone 616-364-9464 FAX: 616-364-6404 WWW Address None Year Founded 1983 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Unknown
Schools82
School Name
Academy of Health and Science
Location
Grand Rapids, MI
Year Founded
1997
Grade Levels Served

2000: CLOSED in September

Unknown
Charter School?
Yes
82
Information originally confirmed for last years edition via a fax communication with Julie, Malone Management, on 2 October 2000. EPSL tried contacting Malone Management on several occasions (26 September, 10 October and 16 November) for its input on confirming the data for this years directory, but no one in the company responded to our inquiries.
112
Malone Management
1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools 1 1 0 0 Number of Students X X X 0
113
The TesseracT Group, Inc. (formerly Education Alternatives, Inc.)

OUT OF BUSINESS WWW Address www.tesseractgroup.org Address 9977 N. 90th St. Suite 180 Scottsdale, AZ 85258 Telephone 480-706-2500 FAX: 480-860-4314 Year Founded 1986 Privately Held or Publicly Traded Privately Held Profitable or Not Profitable Filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on 6 October 200084
(Formerly traded on NASDAQ)83
Schools85
* Schools marked with an asterisk are run by Sunrise Educational Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the TesseracT Group, Inc.
TesseracT stock was removed from trading on NASDAQ on 4 February 2000 due to failure to meet minimum share value requirements. Charter school company files for bankruptcy protection, The Associated Press State and Local Wire, 10 October 2000, Business News. 85 The TesseracT Group, Inc. no longer manages any schools, the entry presented here is the same as last years which collected information from following sources: Arizona Republic, Tesseract plans charter high for goodyear, The Arizona Republic, 6 August 1999, 1. June Kronholz, Public schools getting private makeover, The Palm Beach Post, 18 August 1999, 1A. TesseracT Group press release, TesseracT announces Pricewaterhouse Cooper as Independent Auditors, Business Wire, 30 July 1999. TesseracT Group press release, The TesseracT Group Incorporated closes two underperforming private schools in New Jersey; Completes plan to close all unprofitable schools in its system, Business Wire, 24 June 1999. TesseracT Group press release, The TesseracT Group Incorporated releases fiscal 2000 first quarter results and announces interim CEO, Business Wire, 2 November 1999.
84 83
114
School Name
TesseracT School Sunray Charter School #109* Sunray Charter School #121* Sunray Charter School #124* Sunray Charter School #101* Sunray Charter School #104* Sunray Charter School #106* Sunray Charter School #114* Sunray Charter School #127* Sunray Charter School #118* Tesseract School TesseracT School TesseracT School TesseracT School
Location
Paradise Valley, AZ Chandler, AZ Chandler, AZ Glendale, AZ Mesa, AZ Mesa, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Phoenix, AZ Tempe, AZ South Bend, IN Eagan, MN Mays Landing, NJ Northfield, NJ
Year Founded
1995 Acquired by TesseracT Dec. 1997
Grade Levels Served

Pre-K-8 K K-5 K-5 K K-5 K K-5 K-5 K-5 CLOSED 1998 for lack of enrollment Pre-K-8 CLOSED 1999 due to being unprofitable CLOSED 1999 due to being unprofitable. Taken over by Nobel Learning Communities as a Chesterbrook Academy in September, 1999.

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Charter School?
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Unknown No Unknown Unknown
1997 1987
Unknown
Unknown
115
The TesseracT Group, Inc.

1998-1999 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 Number of Schools 12 11 11 0 Number of Students X X X 0
116
Other For-profit Education Management Companies

The following is a list of for-profit school management companies for which detailed information about their operations was not obtained at the time of publication. Details on these companies will be added as they become available.
Table 2 Other For-Profit Education Management Companies
Name of Company
ABS School Services Advance Staff Leasing, Inc. American Institutional Management Services, Inc. Charter Foundation, Inc. Designed Administrative Resources Technologies, Inc. EDGE Learning Institute, Inc. Education Development Corporation Educational Enterprises, L.L.C. Educational Resources EightCAP, Inc. Haskell Educational Services International Business Schools Learning Facilitators, Inc.
Address
830 S. Main St. Suite 21 Cottonwood, AZ 86326 4407 W St., Joseph Hwy. Lansing MI 48917 5003 Schaefer Rd. Dearborn MI 48126 1346 N. Stone Ave. Tucson, AZ 85705 2851 High Meadow Circle Auburn Hills MI 48326 1501 W. Fountainhead Pkwy. Tempe, AZ 85282 Grand Rapids, MI 3551 Packard Rd. Ann Arbor MI 48108 2259 Sorbus Way or PO Box 190128 Anchorage, AK 99519 904 Oak Drive, Turk Lake Greenville MI 48838 Miami, FL 5734 Yonge St, 4th Floor Toronto, Ontario, Can M2M4E7 MI 1-800-639-1281 (517) 321-5792 (313) 584-5000 (520) 620-1100 (248) 649-2367 (602) 968-7273 (616) 222-1700 Unknown (907) 245-3144 (616) 754-9315 Unknown (416) 733-4452 Unknown
Phone
117
Midland Charter Initiative Northern Educational & Computer Services Open Inn, Inc. The Rader Group Success Academy Techworld Management Services
4653 Bailey Bridge Rd. Midland MI 48640 MI 496 S. Convent Ave. Tucson, AZ 85701-2250 4726 Hale Haven Dr. Ellicott City, MD 21043 1620 West Main St. Uniontown, PA 15401 Washington D.C.
(517) 496-2404 Unknown 520-623-3330 (410) 461-6709 (412) 439-3911 Unknown
118
Endnotes
1 Molnar, A. (2001, April 24). Calculating the benefits and costs of for-profit public education. Education Policy Analysis Archives [On-line]. Available: http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v9n15.html
Molnar, A. (2001, April 24). Calculating the benefits and costs of for-profit public education. Education Policy Analysis Archives [On-line]. Available: http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v9n15.html
3
Molnar, A., Morales, J., & Vander Wyst, A. (2001, February 21). Profiles of for-profit education management companies 2000-2001. Center for Education Research, Analysis, and Innovation [On-line]. Available: http://www.educationanalysis.org
4 5
Toch, T. (1996, January 8). Do firms run schools well? U.S. News & World Report, p. 46.
Molnar, A. (2001, April 24). Calculating the benefits and costs of for-profit public education. Education Policy Analysis Archives [On-line]. Available: http://epaa.asu.edu/epaa/v9n15.html
6 7
Walsh, M. (1999, May 19). Two reports offer bright outlook for education industry. Edweek [On-line]. Available: http://www.edweek.org/ew/vol-18/36biz.h18 Maranto, R. (2001, Winter). Finishing Touches. Education Next [On-line]. Available: http://www.educationnext.org/20014/7maranto.html Levin, H. M. (2001, Spring). Forum: For-profit schools. Education Matters More [On-line]. Available: http://www.edmattersmore.org/2001sp for/levin.html
8
9
Symonds, W. C. (2000, February 7). Edisons Chris Whittle: Winners of this race are children. Businessweek [On-line]. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_06/b3667005.htm
10
Symonds, W. C. (2000, February 7). Edisons Chris Whittle: Winners of this race are children. Businessweek [On-line]. Available: http://www.businessweek.com/2000/00_06/b3667005.htm
Addonizio, M. F. (2001). New revenues for public schools: Blurring the line between public and private finance. In S. Chaikind & W. J. Fowler (eds.), Education Finance in the New Millennium. (pp. 165-167). Larchmont NY: Eye on Education.
12
11
Light, J. (1998, July 8). A local battle http://www.corpwatch.org/issues/PRT.jsp?articleid=890

13
highlights
the
national
debate
over
EMOs.
Corpwatch
[On-line].
Available:
Securities and Exchange Commission (2001). Edison Schools Inc. Quarterly Report for the period ended September 30, 2001 (Form 10-Q) [On-line]. Available: http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1089567/00095012301508531/y54972e10-q.txt
119
14
Snell, L. (2001, May). Workplace http://www.rppi.org/ebrief114.pdf
charter
schools:
Florida
blazes
the
trail.
Reason
Public
Policy
Institute
[On-line].
Available: Available: Available: Available: Available:
Snell, L. (2001, May). Workplace charter schools: Florida blazes the trail. Reason Public Policy Institute [On-line]. http://www.rppi.org/ebrief114.pdf 16 Walsh, M. (2001, August 8). Seed money drying up for education-related businesses. Edweek [On-line]. http://www.edweek.org/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=43venture.h20 Walsh, M. (2001, August 8). Seed money http://www.edweek.org/ew/ewstory.cfm?slug=43venture.h20
18 17
15
drying
up
for
education-related competition.
businesses.
Edweek News
[On-line]. [On-line].
Laker, B. (2002, January 9). Merger gives Edison Schools new http://dailynews.philly.com/content/daily_news/2002/01/09/local/MERG09C.htm
Philadelphia
Daily
120

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Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies Fourth Annual Report 2001-2002

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Profiles of For-Profit Education Management Companies 2001-2002

Number of Schools Managed by Profiled Companies 135 230 285 368

Number of States in which Profiled Companies Operate 15 21 22 24

Company Name and Location

Total Number of Public Schools Operating *109

Number of Public Schools That Are Charter Schools 47

Total Number of Students in Schools 75,000 est.1

States in Which Company Is Operating Public Schools

MN AZ, PA AZ MD, NY AZ AZ AZ MI AZ MI, NJ MI

270 Unknown 242 75 360 117 717 150 359 80

250 105 125

See Mosaica Education

See Edison Schools

For-profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey

Colorado Springs, CO Denver, CO Hamden, CT Washington, DC

1996 1998 1998 2001

K-5 K-7 K-8 K-8

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

Yes Yes No Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes

No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Unknown Unknown Unknown No No No

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No

Yes Unknown No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes

Washington Elementary School Dillingham Intermediate School

2000: Contract not renewed10 2000: Contract not renewed

Edison Schools (after acquisition of LearnNow, Inc.)

Edison Schools (had they not acquired LearnNow, Inc.)

LearnNow, Inc. (had they not been acquired by Edison)

For-profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey

The Leona Group

Grade Levels Served

Number of Students Enrolled

The Leona Group

For-profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey

Grade Levels Served

Number of Students Enrolled

Worcester, MA Rocky Mount, NC Jersey City, NJ Albany, NY Bensalem, PA West Chester, PA

1998 1997 1998 1999 1998 1999

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown 500

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Dallas, TX Houston, TX Midland, TX San Antonio, TX

1999 1999 1999 1998

Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Mosaica Education (after acquisition of Advantage Schools, Inc.)

Mosaica Education (had they not acquired Advantage Schools, Inc.)

For-profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey

National Heritage Academies (Formerly Educational Development Corporation)

Grade Levels Served

Number of Students Enrolled

(formerly Cardinal Charter Academy)

National Heritage Academies

For-profit Education Management Company Profile 2001-2002 Survey

Beacon Education Management (formerly Alternative Public Schools)

Grade Levels Served

Number of Students Enrolled

Roxbury Prep Charter School Frederick Douglass Charter School