Module -4

Cloud Infrastructure

Cloud Management
Cloud computing management is maintaining and controlling the cloud services and resources
be it public, private or hybrid. Some of its aspects include load balancing, performance, storage,
backups, capacity, deployment etc. To do so a cloud managing personnel needs full access to
all the functionality of resources in the cloud. Different software products and technologies are
combined to provide a cohesive cloud management strategy and process.

As we know Private cloud infrastructure is operated only for a single organization, so that can
be managed by the organization or by a third party. Public cloud services are delivered over a
network that is open and available for public use. In this model, the IT infrastructure is owned by
a private company and members of the public can purchase or lease data storage or computing
capacity as needed. Hybrid cloud environments are a combination of public and private cloud
services from different providers. Most organizations store data on private cloud servers for
privacy concerns, while leveraging public cloud applications at a lower price point for less
sensitive information. The combination of both the public and private cloud are known as Hybrid
cloud servers.

Need of Cloud Management :​

Cloud is nowadays preferred by huge organizations as their primary data storage. A small
downtime or an error can cause a great deal of loss and inconvenience for the organizations. So
as to design, handle and maintain a cloud computing service specific members are responsible
who make sure things work out as supposed and all arising issues are addressed.

Cloud Management Platform :​

A cloud management platform is a software solution that has a robust and extensive set of APIs
that allow it to pull data from every corner of the IT infrastructure. A CMP allows an IT
organization to establish a structured approach to security and IT governance that can be
implemented across the organization’s entire cloud environment.

Cloud Management Tasks :​

The below figure represents different cloud management tasks :
Cloud Management Tasks

●​ Auditing System Backups –​

It is required to audit the backups from time to time to ensure restoration of randomly
selected files of different users. This might be done by the organization or by the
cloud provider.
●​ Flow of data in the system –​
The managers are responsible for designing a data flow diagram that shows how the
data is supposed to flow throughout the organization.
 ●​ Vendor Lock-In –​
The managers should know how to move their data from a server to another in case
the organization decides to switch providers.
●​ Knowing provider’s security procedures –​
The managers should know the security plans of the provider, especially Multitenant
use, E-commerce processing, Employee screening and Encryption policy.
●​ Monitoring the Capacity, Planing and Scaling abilities –​
The manager should know if their current cloud provider is going to meet their
organization’s demand in the future and also their scaling capabilities.
●​ Monitoring audit log –​
In order to identify errors in the system, logs are audited by the managers on a
regular basis.
●​ Solution Testing and Validation –​
It is necessary to test the cloud services and verify the results and for error-free
solutions.

Cloud Networking
Cloud Networking is a service or science in which a company’s networking procedure is
hosted on a public or private cloud. Cloud Computing is source management in which more
than one computing resource shares an identical platform and customers are additionally
enabled to get entry to these resources to a specific extent. Cloud networking in a similar
fashion shares networking however it gives greater superior features and network features in
the cloud with interconnected servers set up under cyberspace.

What Is Cloud Networking?

Cloud Networking refers to the infrastructure and processes in the cloud computing environment
that are involved in connecting and managing the network resources. It includes the design,
deployment, and optimization of networks facilitating communication and data transfer between
various services hosted on cloud platforms. Cloud networking facilitates organizations to
establish secure, scalable, and high-performance network architectures following their specific
requirements. It involves implementing virtualized networking technologies, such as virtual
private clouds (VPCs), software-defined networking (SDN), and load balancing, to ensure
reliable connectivity, efficient resource utilization, and seamless integration with cloud services.
Ultimately, cloud networking plays a critical role in enabling organizations to leverage the
benefits of cloud computing, including agility, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, while meeting
their networking needs.
Why Cloud Networking?
●​ It is in demand by many companies for its speedy and impervious delivery, fast
processing, dependable transmission of information without any loss, and
pocket-friendly set-up. Benefited corporations who select Cloud Networking consist
of internet service providers, e-commerce, cloud service providers, community
operators, and cloud service providers.
●​ It permits users to boost their networks in accordance with necessities in
cloud-based services. An actual cloud network provides high-end monitoring to
globally positioned servers, controls site visitors ors flow between interconnected
servers, protects structures with superior network safety, and offers visibility to users
by means of its centralized management. The web access can be expanded and
made greater reliable bandwidth to promote a couple of network features into the
cloud.
●​ It ensures overall performance and safety in multi-cloud surroundings so that
Information technology receives greater visibility by means of supplying end-users
with the necessities and experience they need. Workloads are shared between cloud
surroundings using software programs as provider applications. Safety is given to the
user to get entry to web pages and infrastructure by means of transferring functions
to the cloud with the standard security model. The gateway offers contextual access
code and a multi-layer firewall. Applications and offerings are given to allotted data
centers in cloud environments.
 ●​ Software-Defined Wide Area Network is technology that makes use of a bunch of
networking switches and routers to virtually get entry to machines from hardware to
software programs deployed on white box. Confidential units and information are set
up on primary branch workplace or consumer regions and given unique access to
administrators to get admission to its superior networking functions, cloud
optimization software, and firewalls. It is a massive range of arrays with network
features deployed in cloud platforms.
●​ Software-defined Wide range community offers standard load balancing approach
and combines all stages of network to user experience. It offers greater visuality with
the assistance of intelligent analytics. Giving options to every cloud user may be
challenging however, leveraging all offerings and supplying them special answers by
means of SD-WAN from ceasing to cease applications.

Cloud Networking Basics

Cloud Networking basics include the fundamental principles and components which involve
establishing and managing network resources within a cloud environment. The following are the
key aspects included in cloud networking basics:

●​ Virtualization: Usage of virtualized networking technologies for creating virtual

networks, subnets, and network interfaces, enables flexible resource allocation and
isolation.
●​ Software-Defined Networking (SDN): It implements SDN principles for central
management of networks and automates the network configurations improving agility
and scalability.
●​ Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs): VPCs facilitate in creating isolated network
environments within the cloud, allowing organizations to define their own IP address
ranges, subnets and route tables for enhancing security and control.
●​ Monitoring and Optimization:On usage of network monitoring tools and
performance optimization techniques it helps in monitoring network traffic, identify
bottlenecks, and optimize resource utilization for improved efficiency and
cost-effectiveness.
●​ Load Balancing: Load Balancing helps in distributing incoming network traffic
across multiple servers or instances to ensure optimal performance, scalability, and
fault tolerance.
Types Of Cloud Networking
Utilization of virtualized networking technologies over the cloud environment for managing
network resources is known as cloud networking. Cloud networking provides scalability and
centralized management of network resources. The following are the types of cloud networking:

1. Cloud Networking

Cloud Networking utilizes virtualized networking technologies to manage network resources

within a cloud environment, providing scalability and centralized management.

●​ Virtualized Infrastructure: It involves utilization of virtualized networking

technologies for creating and managing the network resources over the cloud.
●​ Scalability And Flexibility: Cloud Networking offers flexibility and scalability for
organizations to dynamically adjust their network configurations to meet up their
changing demands.
●​ Centralized Management: It provides centralized management and automation of
network configurations for enhancing agility and reducing administrative overhead.

2. Multi Cloud Networking

Multi Cloud Networking comes with facilitating connectivity and traffic distribution over multiple
cloud service platforms with ensuring interoperability and security across diverse multi cloud
environments. The following are its functionalities:

●​ Interoperability: Facilitates connectivity and communication between multiple cloud

environments and on-premises infrastructure.
●​ Traffic Distribution: Enables load balancing and traffic routing across diverse cloud
platforms to optimize performance and resource utilization.
●​ Security and Compliance: Implements consistent security policies and compliance
measures across multiple clouds, ensuring data protection and regulatory
compliance.

3. Hybrid Cloud Networking

Hybrid Cloud Networking comes with the integration of on-premises infrastructure with public
and private cloud environments. It provides seamless data flexibility with hybrid connectivity.
 ●​ Integration Of Environments: It develops a single network based architecture
linking public and private cloud environments with on premise infrastructure.
●​ Data Mobility: It helps with smoother transfer of workloads and data in between
on-premise and cloud environments. It facilitates resource optimization and agility.

Benefits of Cloud Networking

The following are the advantages of Cloud Networking:

1.​ On-Demand Self Service: Cloud computing provides required application, services,

and utility to clients. With a login key, they can begin to use besides any human
interplay and cloud service providers. It consists of storage and digital machines.
2.​ High Scalability: It requests grants of resources on a large scale besides any

human intervention with every service provider.

3.​ Agility: It shares the assets efficiently amongst customers and works quickly.

4.​ Multi-sharing: By distributed computing, distinctive clients from a couple of areas

share identical resources through fundamental infrastructure.

5.​ Low Cost: It is very economical and can pay in accordance with its usage.

6.​ Services in pay per use Model: Application Programming Interface is given to

clients to use resources and offerings and pay on service basis.

7.​ High availability and Reliability: The servers are accessible at the proper time

besides any delay or disappointment.

8.​ Maintenance: It is user-friendly as they are convenient to get entry to from their

location and does not require any installation setup.

Disadvantages of Cloud Networking

The following are the Disadvantages of Cloud Networking:

1.​ Dependency on internet connectivity: Cloud networking requires a strong and

reliable internet connection. If the connection is slow or unreliable, it can cause

performance issues and disrupt network access.
2.​ Security concerns: Cloud networks are susceptible to cyber-attacks, and security

breaches can compromise the sensitive data stored on the cloud. This risk is
 mitigated through proper security measures, but there is always some level of
vulnerability.
3.​ Limited control: When you use a cloud network, you are dependent on the cloud

provider to manage and maintain the network infrastructure. This can limit your
control over the network and how it is managed.
4.​ Cost: Cloud networking can be expensive, particularly for large-scale enterprise

networks. The costs can add up quickly, especially when you factor in the ongoing
maintenance and support costs.
5.​ Lack of customization: Cloud networking solutions are typically pre-configured and

may not offer the level of customization that some organizations require. This can
limit your ability to tailor the network to your specific needs.

Cloud Networking Services Examples

The following are the Cloud Networking Services Examples:

●​ Virtual Private Networking ( VPN ) In the Cloud: Setting the VPN services within
the cloud environments helps for securing remote access and transfer the data.
●​ Hub and Spoke Network Topology: Establishment of Hub and spoke technology
helps in centralizing the traffic management and in optimizing the resource utilization.
●​ Software-Defined Networking (SDN): On usage of SDN technologies facilitates in
dynamically managing and configuring the network infrastructure in cloud
environments for improving agility and scalability.

Use Cases Of Cloud Networking Services

The following are the use cases of Cloud Networking Services:

●​ Extended On-premises Networks: It facilitates seamless integration of on-premise

network infrastructure with cloud environments using VPNs for having secured
communication and resource access.
●​ Automated Network Security: Implementing automated network security facilitates
with automatic patch deployment and having enforced policy-based security
measures.
●​ Traffic Inspection and Cloud Management: Implementation of hub-spoke network
topology helps in efficiently managing the network traffic and fulfilling resource based
 specific needs such as isolation of customers for compliance or performance
reasons.

Cloud Computing Vs Cloud Networking

The following is the comparison table of cloud computing and cloud networking:

Aspect Cloud Computing Cloud Networking

It facilitates managing and

It facilitates delivery of the
Definition optimizing network
services over the internet.
infrastructure.

It contains components such

It contains components such
Key Components as Virtual Machines, Storage,
as VPCs, SDN, Routing.
Databases

Scalability, Cost-effectiveness, Enhanced Security, efficient

Benefits
flexibility traffic management

Cisco, VMware, cloud

Key Providers AWS, Microsoft Azure, GCP
Providers
 It secures remote access,
It helps in hosting applications,
Use Cases traffic routing and resource
data analytics and AI/ML
optimization.

Why Should We Care About Cloud Networking?

The following are the reasons to care about cloud networking:

●​ Enhanced Connectivity And Flexibility: Cloud Networking provides seamless

connectivity between on-premises and cloud environments by offering flexibility to
access resources from anywhere, anytime and from any device.
●​ Improved Security and Compliance: Proper implementation of cloud networking
solutions and security measures helps in encryption and access controls with
ensuring protection of sensitive data with regulatory requirements.
●​ Cost Efficiency And Scalability: Cloud Networking supports organizations to scale
their network infrastructure as per their needs. It provides cost effective solutions for
both small and large enterprises.

What Makes a Successful Multi Cloud Networking Strategy?

A successful multi-cloud networking strategy depends on seamless integration, strong security
and efficient management. It involves the establishment of resilient connectivity between cloud
platforms using technologies such as VPNs and SDN. Following the security measures such as
encryption and access controls must be consistently applied across all clouds for safeguarding
sensitive data.

Usage of effective management tools facilitates centralized monitoring and controlling for having
optimized utilization of resources. Organizations can enhance the strengths of multiple clouds
for minimizing complexities and maximize the benefits of their cloud environments.

What IT Teams Are Responsible For Cloud Networking?

IT teams are responsible for cloud networking for handing the following tasks:

●​ Network Architecture Design and Implementation: To ensure designing and

deploying network architectures facilitates seamless connectivity between
on-premises infrastructure and cloud environments.
 ●​ Configuration and Management of Networking Technologies: Configuring and
managing the VPNs, SDN solutions and other networking technologies is
responsible for IT teams to enable a secured communication and data transfer.
●​ Network Security Implementation: Implementation of strong security measures
such as access controls, Encryption, Assign Access Roles and permissions to
prevent unauthorized access to cloud resources are the responsibilities of IT teams
to handle them.

Features of Network Management System

A Network Management System (NMS) in Cloud Computing is essential for maintaining the
performance, security, and reliability of cloud networks. It provides tools and functionalities to
monitor, configure, optimize, and secure network resources. Below are the key features
explained in detail:

1. Network Monitoring & Performance Management

●​ Real-time Traffic Monitoring: Continuously tracks data packets and network traffic to
ensure smooth operations.
●​ Latency and Throughput Analysis: Measures network delays, bandwidth usage, and
throughput to identify bottlenecks.
●​ Performance Metrics Collection: Gathers data on CPU utilization, memory usage, and
network congestion to optimize cloud network performance.
●​ Dynamic Load Balancing: Distributes traffic efficiently across multiple servers to prevent
overload.

2. Fault Management

●​ Automated Fault Detection: Identifies network issues such as packet loss, server
downtime, or connectivity failures.
●​ Event Logging and Alerts: Keeps records of network faults and sends real-time
notifications via email, SMS, or dashboards.
●​ Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Diagnoses the source of network issues to prevent
recurrence.
●​ Self-Healing Mechanisms: Uses AI-driven automation to resolve minor faults without
human intervention.
3. Configuration Management

●​ Centralized Configuration Control: Allows administrators to manage network settings

from a single interface.
●​ Automated Configuration Backup: Stores network configurations to enable quick
restoration in case of failure.
●​ Version Control & Rollback: Maintains historical versions of network configurations and
allows rollback to previous states if needed.
●​ Policy Enforcement: Ensures compliance with security and operational policies across
cloud network devices.

4. Security & Compliance Management

●​ Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS): Identifies and blocks unauthorized
access attempts.
●​ Firewall and Access Control: Implements security policies to restrict access to sensitive
data and services.
●​ Data Encryption: Encrypts data in transit and at rest to protect it from cyber threats.
●​ Regulatory Compliance: Ensures adherence to industry regulations like GDPR, HIPAA,
and ISO 27001.

5. Scalability & Elasticity

●​ Auto-Scaling: Automatically adjusts network resources based on demand, ensuring

optimal performance.
●​ Elastic Network Allocation: Dynamically allocates IP addresses, bandwidth, and virtual
networks as needed.
●​ Support for Multi-Cloud & Hybrid Cloud: Seamlessly integrates with various cloud
providers (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud).
●​ Load Prediction and Resource Allocation: Uses AI/ML to forecast demand and allocate
network resources accordingly.

6. Cloud Resource Provisioning

●​ On-Demand Resource Allocation: Automatically provisions network bandwidth, storage,

and processing power.
●​ Virtual Network Management: Configures virtual LANs (VLANs), software-defined
networking (SDN), and VPNs for secure connectivity.
●​ Multi-Tenancy Support: Ensures isolated and secure network environments for different
tenants in a shared cloud infrastructure.

7. Automation & Orchestration

●​ AI and Machine Learning Integration: Predicts network issues and automates responses.
 ●​ Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP): Automates the setup and configuration of new network
devices.
●​ Integration with DevOps & CI/CD Pipelines: Supports automation tools like Ansible,
Terraform, and Kubernetes for cloud-native applications.
●​ Automated Workflows: Schedules routine tasks like patch updates, backups, and
network optimizations.

8. Traffic Analysis & Bandwidth Optimization

●​ Quality of Service (QoS) Management: Prioritizes critical applications and optimizes

bandwidth usage.
●​ Network Congestion Control: Identifies and mitigates network congestion in real-time.
●​ Deep Packet Inspection (DPI): Analyzes network packets to detect anomalies, security
threats, and performance issues.
●​ Cloud CDN Integration: Uses Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to optimize content
delivery and reduce latency.

9. Multi-Tenancy Support

●​ Isolated Network Environments: Ensures secure and separate network spaces for
different cloud tenants.
●​ Resource Quotas & Usage Monitoring: Tracks resource usage and prevents tenants
from exceeding allocated bandwidth or storage.
●​ Custom Access Policies: Implements role-based access control (RBAC) and identity
management for multi-tenant environments.
●​ Billing and Usage Analytics: Provides detailed reports on network consumption for
accurate billing.

10. Reporting & Analytics

●​ Real-Time Dashboards: Displays key network performance indicators (KPIs) in a visual

format.
●​ Historical Data Analysis: Stores and analyzes past network performance data to identify
trends.
●​ Predictive Analytics: Uses AI to forecast potential network failures and optimize
performance.
●​ Custom Alerts & Notifications: Sends alerts for network issues, security breaches, or
performance degradation.

A Network Management System (NMS) in Cloud Computing ensures optimal network

performance, security, and scalability. By leveraging automation, AI-driven analytics, and
real-time monitoring, cloud networks can remain resilient, secure, and efficient.
Network Management System Products from Large Cloud Vendors

Large cloud vendors provide Network Management System (NMS) solutions to help enterprises
monitor, optimize, and secure their cloud networks. These products offer functionalities like
real-time traffic monitoring, fault detection, security management, and performance optimization
across cloud and hybrid infrastructures. Below is a detailed overview of NMS solutions from
major cloud providers:

1. AWS (Amazon Web Services) – AWS Network Manager

Overview:

AWS Network Manager is a centralized network management solution that helps enterprises
monitor and manage their global cloud and on-premises networks. It is particularly useful for
AWS Transit Gateway users who need to track multiple VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) connections
across different regions.

Key Features:

●​ Centralized Network Monitoring: Provides a single interface to manage and monitor

AWS network resources, including Transit Gateways, VPNs, and Direct Connect.
●​ SD-WAN and VPN Integration: Allows seamless integration with third-party SD-WAN
providers to extend AWS networks securely.
●​ Automated Connectivity Tracking: Monitors connectivity health and automatically detects
issues across regions.
●​ Performance and Latency Metrics: Provides network telemetry data to optimize traffic
flow.
●​ Multi-Region Network Management: Supports a unified view of global networks, making
it easier for enterprises with multi-region deployments.

Use Cases:

●​ Enterprises managing global hybrid networks with AWS and on-premises setups.
●​ Organizations needing automated fault detection and performance monitoring.
●​ Companies using AWS Transit Gateway to connect multiple VPCs and remote sites.
2. Microsoft Azure – Azure Network Watcher

Overview:

Azure Network Watcher is a cloud-based network performance monitoring and diagnostics tool
that helps organizations track the health and performance of their Azure cloud networks.

Key Features:

●​ Traffic Analytics: Monitors network traffic patterns using Azure Monitor and AI-driven
insights.
●​ Connection Troubleshooting: Identifies packet loss, latency issues, and connection
failures across virtual networks (VNets).
●​ Packet Capture: Captures and analyzes network packets to detect anomalies and
security threats.
●​ Topology Visualization: Provides a real-time visual representation of Azure network
resources and their interconnections.
●​ Network Security Monitoring: Tracks firewall rules and alerts on potential
misconfigurations.

Use Cases:

●​ Enterprise IT teams managing large Azure-based networks.

●​ Businesses require real-time packet analysis and security monitoring.
●​ Organizations using Azure Firewall and security groups for compliance enforcement.

3. Google Cloud – Network Intelligence Center

Overview:

Google Cloud’s Network Intelligence Center is an AI-driven network monitoring, troubleshooting,

and visualization platform designed for multi-cloud and hybrid cloud environments.

Key Features:

●​ Connectivity Tests: Simulates network paths to troubleshoot connectivity failures and

firewall rule conflicts.
●​ Performance Dashboard: Monitors latency, packet loss, and bandwidth utilization to
optimize cloud network performance.
●​ Firewall Insights: Analyzes and recommends improvements for Google Cloud Firewall
rules to enhance security.
●​ Network Topology Visualization: Provides an interactive map of network resources,
including inter-region and on-premises connections.
●​ Dynamic Traffic Monitoring: Uses AI-driven analytics to detect congestion and
recommend improvements.
Use Cases:

●​ Companies with multi-cloud deployments looking for cross-cloud visibility.

●​ Enterprises needing automated troubleshooting and network path analysis.
●​ Businesses using Google Cloud Firewall who want to optimize security policies.

4. IBM Cloud – IBM Cloud Network Insights

Overview:

IBM Cloud Network Insights is a network analytics and security monitoring platform that
provides real-time insights into cloud network performance, security threats, and compliance
requirements.

Key Features:

●​ Real-Time Network Visibility: Monitors traffic flow, bandwidth usage, and potential
bottlenecks.
●​ AI-Driven Anomaly Detection: Uses machine learning to detect unusual traffic patterns
that may indicate security breaches.
●​ Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Support: Provides analytics for both IBM Cloud and
third-party cloud providers.
●​ DDoS Protection: Identifies and mitigates distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks in
real time.
●​ Compliance & Audit Reports: Ensures network configurations meet industry standards
like ISO 27001, GDPR, and HIPAA.

Use Cases:

●​ Enterprises managing complex hybrid cloud architectures.

●​ Businesses require real-time threat detection and AI-driven security insights.
●​ Organizations need to ensure compliance with regulatory policies.

5. Oracle Cloud – Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Network Monitoring

Overview:

Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) offers Network Monitoring tools that help enterprises track
network performance, detect faults, and optimize traffic across OCI-based infrastructure.

Key Features:

●​ End-to-End Network Performance Monitoring: Tracks latency, packet loss, and

throughput across OCI networks.
 ●​ Security & Compliance Integration: Works with Oracle Cloud Security Zones to enforce
strict security policies.
●​ Deep Packet Inspection (DPI): Analyzes network packets for security threats and policy
violations.
●​ Automated Alerts & Logging: Provides real-time alerts on abnormal network behavior.
●​ Multi-Region & Hybrid Cloud Connectivity: Supports multi-region traffic routing and
optimization.

Use Cases:

●​ Enterprises using OCI for cloud workloads and requiring detailed network telemetry.
●​ Organizations needing advanced security monitoring and compliance enforcement.
●​ Businesses with highly regulated workloads, such as finance and healthcare, require
deep packet analysis.

Comparison Table of Cloud NMS Solutions

Cloud Network Key Features Best For

Provider Management
Product

AWS AWS Network Global network monitoring, Enterprises using AWS

Manager SD-WAN integration, Transit Gateway & hybrid
performance tracking networks

Microsoft Azure Network Traffic analytics, Businesses using Azure

Azure Watcher troubleshooting, packet Firewall & VNets
capture, security insights

Google Network AI-driven analytics, firewall Multi-cloud users

Cloud Intelligence optimization, topology needing AI-driven
Center visualization network insights

IBM Cloud IBM Cloud AI-based anomaly detection, Security-focused

Network Insights DDoS protection, compliance enterprises with
monitoring hybrid/multi-cloud setups

Oracle OCI Network Deep packet inspection, Enterprises needing

Cloud Monitoring security enforcement, compliance-driven
multi-region connectivity network monitoring

Cloud-based Network Management Systems (NMS) are essential for monitoring, securing, and
optimizing cloud networks. The major cloud vendors—AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, IBM, and
Oracle—each provide specialized NMS solutions tailored to their ecosystems.
 ●​ AWS Network Manager is ideal for managing AWS-centric global networks.
●​ Azure Network Watcher excels in Azure VNet diagnostics and security monitoring.
●​ Google Network Intelligence Center is best for AI-driven network analytics and hybrid
cloud environments.
●​ IBM Cloud Network Insights offers AI-powered security insights and compliance tracking.
●​ Oracle OCI Network Monitoring provides deep packet inspection and strict security
controls.

Life Cycle Management of cloud services

The cloud service lifecycle is the process that cloud providers use to design,develop, deploy,
and manage cloud services. It involves a set of stages that a cloud service goes through, from
ideation and planning to retirement. The cloud service lifecycle typically consists of the following
stages:
1. Service strategy: This is the initial stage where the provider identifies and evaluates potential
cloud services. They consider factors like market demand,competition, and organizational goals.
2. Service design: In this stage, the provider determines the technical and functional
requirements of the service, and the resources needed to develop and implement it. They also
design the architecture and infrastructure of theservice.
3. Service transition: This stage involves the deployment of the service to the cloud
environment. The provider tests the service and ensures that it meets the required standards,
security protocols, and quality expectations.
4. Service operation: This is the stage where the provider delivers the service to the users,
monitors it for performance, and maintains it as required. They also provide customer support
and manage service disruptions and other incidents.
5. Service improvement: In this stage, the provider continuously reviews and evaluates the
service for optimization and improvement. They use feedback from users to identify areas for
improvement and make necessary changes to enhance the service's performance, reliability,
and availability.
6. Service retirement: This is the final stage in the life cycle, where the provider decides to retire
the service when it is no longer needed or viable. They ensure that user data is safely
transferred or deleted, and take any other necessary measures to close the service down.

The cloud service lifecycle helps providers to manage their services effectively and ensure that
they meet customer needs and organizational goals.
The Cloud Service Lifecycle is the process of delivering and managing cloud services over their
entire life cycle. It consists of four phases: Service Strategy,Service Design, Service Operation,
and Service Retirement.
1. Service Strategy: In this phase, the business goals and objectives of the cloud service are
identified, and a plan is created to meet those goals and objectives. The service provider should
determine the target market, the pricing model, the service level agreement (SLA), and the key
performance indicators (KPIs) for the service.
2. Service Design: In this phase, the service provider designs the cloud service to meet the
identified business goals and objectives. This includes determining the technical requirements,
the architecture of the service, and the processes for managing the service. In this phase, the
service provider must consider the security, privacy, and compliance requirements of the
service.
3. Service Operation: In this phase, the cloud service is made available to the customers. The
service provider must monitor the service to ensure it is performing as expected and meet the
SLA and KPIs. The service provider must also provide customer support and resolve any issues
that arise.
4. Service Retirement: In this phase, the service provider determines when to retire the cloud
service. This may be due to changes in business requirements, or the service may have
reached its end of life. The service provider must ensure that customers are given adequate
notice and have a plan to migrate to a new service. The service provider should also ensure that
data is properly disposed of according to the security and privacy policies.

The Cloud Service Lifecycle is an iterative process, and each phase feeds into the next.
Continuous improvement is essential, and the service provider should regularly evaluate and
improve the service to ensure it meets the business goals and objectives.

Consider a cloud-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) product that allows users to manage their
email marketing campaigns. The following is an overview of the service lifecycle:
1. Plan: In this phase, the service provider defines the scope and requirements of the SaaS
product, identifies potential customers, and creates a plan for developing and launching the
service.
2. Develop: This phase involves the development and testing of the SaaSproduct. The service
provider develops the software and the infrastructure necessary to host and deliver the service.
Quality assurance tests are performed to ensure that the software functions as expected and
meets the requirements defined in the planning phase.
3. Deploy: In this phase, the SaaS product is launched to the public. The serviceprovider makes
the software available to customers and provides access to the necessary infrastructure to host
and manage the service. The software is delivered through the cloud, and customers can
access the service from anywhere with an internet connection.
4. Operate: In this phase, the service provider operates the SaaS product and provides ongoing
support to customers. The provider monitors the performance of the service, troubleshoots any
issues that arise, and ensures that the service is available and functional for customers.
5. Optimize: In this phase, the service provider continually improves the SaaS product to meet
the changing needs of customers. The provider collects feedback from customers and uses it to
inform future updates and enhancements to the service.
6. Retire: In this phase, the service provider retires the SaaS product. This may happen if the
product is no longer profitable or if it is replaced by a newer,better version. The provider may
give notice to customers, offer alternatives or migration plans, and provide support during the
transition period.