B.

Tech II year(Civil)
BCE-253 Advanced Surveying
Tutorial Sheet 4-6

1. Explain the following:

a)- Tangent point and point of curve b)- Mid ordinate
c)- Deflection angle d)- Normal chord and sub chord
e)- Full station
2. Derive the expressions for the following in a simple circular:
a)- Length of chord b)-Tangent length
c)- Long chord length d)- Apex distance
e)- Mid ordinate
f)- Relation between Degree and Radius of curve.
3. List the various methods of setting out a simple circular curve. Explain briefly the Rankine method of deflection angles.
4. A circular curve has a 200m radius and 650 deflection angle. What is its degree (a) by arc definition and (b) by chord definition.
Also calculate:
(i) length of curve (ii) tangent length (iii) length of long chord
(iv) apex distance (v) mid-ordinate.
5. Two straights AB and BC intersect at a chainage of 4242m. The angle of intersection is 1400. It is required to set out a 5 0 simple
circular curve to connect the straights. Calculate all the data necessary to set out the curve by the method of offsets from the chord
produced with an interval of 30m.
6. It is required to set out a curve of radius 100m with pegs at approximately 10m centres. The deflection angle is 60 0. Draw up the data
necessary for pegging out the curve by each of the following methods:
(a)- offsets from long chord (b)- chord bisection
(c)- offsets from tangent
7. Two straights intersecting at a point I have the following bearings, IA 2700, IC 1100. They are to be joined by a circular curve which
must pass through a point D which is 150m from I and the bearing of ID is 2600.
Find the required radius, tangent lengths, length of curve and setting-out angle for a 30m chord.
8. Two straights AI and BI intersect at an inaccessible point I. Two points P and Q are selected on lines AI and BI, respectively. Length
of PQ=180m, angle APQ=110 0 and angle PQB=1300. The two straights are to be joined by a curve of 500m radius. Chainage of
point P is 2500m. Calculate the necessary data for setting the curve.
9. Two straights AI and BI meet at a chainage of 3450m. A right handed simple circular curve of 250m radius joins them. The
deflection angle between the two straight is 50 0. Tabulate the necessary data to layout the curve by Rankine’s method of deflection
angle. Take the chord interval as 20m.
10. The chainage of the intersection point of two straights is 1060 m, and the angle of intersection is 120°. If radius of a circular curve to
be set out is 570 m, and peg interval is 30m, determine the tangent length, the length of the curve, the chainage at the beginning and
end of the curve, the length of the long chord, the lengths of the sub-chords, and the total number of chords.
11. Two straight roads meet at an angle of 130°. Calculate the necessary data for setting out a circular curve of 15 chains radius between
the roads by the perpendicular offsets method. The length of one chain is 20 m.
Making the use of the following data, determine the coordinates of P.C., P.T., and apex of the curve.
(a) Coordinates of a control point X = E 1200 m, N 1500 m
(b) Distance of X from P.I. = 100 m
(c) Bearing of line joining IX = 320°
(d) Angle between IX and back tangent = 90°.
12. A circular curve of 250 m radius is to be set out between two straights having deflection angle of 45°20′ right, and chainage of the
point of intersection as 112 + 10. Calculate the necessary data for setting out the curve by the method of offsets from the chords
produced taking the length of one chain as 20 m.
13. A circular curve of radius of 17.5 chains deflecting right through 32°40′, is to be set out between two straights having chainage of
the point of intersection as (51 + 9.35). Calculate the necessary data to set out the curve by the method of deflection angles. Also
calculate the necessary data indicating the use of the control points shown in Figure. The length of one chain is 20 m. Present the
values of the deflection angles to be set out using a theodolite of least count (a) 20″, and (b) 1″ in tabular form.
14. Points A, B, C, and D lie on two straights as shown in Figure having coordinates given in Table. The chainage of A is 1216.165 m.
Calculate necessary data to set out a circular curve of radius 220 m from a point P (E 1114.626 m, N 710.012 m) at through chainage
interval of 20 m.

Point Easting Northing

A 935.922 657.933
B 1051.505 767.007
C 1212.840 778.996
D 1331.112 712.870

15. The bearing of two straights AB and BC intersecting at B are 120040’ and 100025’, respectively. They are to be connected by a curve
of 180m radius. The chainage of A is 906.00m. Submit in a tabular form, the calculations necessary for setting out the curve by
means of a theodolite, given the following coordinates of A and C .
Point North East
A 153.12 13.68
C 64.74 330.12

16. Two straights intersecting at a point I have the following bearings, IA 2700, IC 1100. They are to be joined by a circular curve which
must pass through a point D which is 150m from I and the bearing of ID is 2600.
Find the required radius, tangent lengths, length of curve and setting out angle for a 30m chord.
17. Two straights AB and BC are to be connected by a right-hand circular curve. The bearings of AB and BC are 70° and 140°,
respectively. The curve is to pass through a point P at a distance of 120 m from B, and the angle ABP is 40°. Determine
(i) Radius of the curve,
(ii) Chainage of the tangent points,
(iii) Total deflection angles for the first two pegs.
Take the peg interval and the length of a normal chord as 30 m. The chainage of the P.I. is 3000m.
18. A circular curve of 800m radius has been set out connecting two straights with a deflection angle of 420. It is decided, for
construction reason, that the mid point of the curve must be moved 5 m towards the centre, i.e. away from the intersection point. The
alignment of the straight is to remain unaltered.
Calculate the:
 (a)- radius of the new curve
(b)- distance from the intersection point to the new tangent points
(c)- deflection angle required for setting out 30m chords of the new curve.
(d)- length of final sub-chord.
19. What is the transition curve? State the various types of transition curves with the help of neat sketch. Explain briefly its necessity.
20. Define super elevation. Obtain expressions for it as applicable on a highway and railway. What is cant deficiency?
21. What are the essential requirements of a transition curve? Explain the functions of a transition curve. Derive an expression for an
ideal transition curve.
22. Explain the methods used for determining the length of a transition curve.
23. Define and obtain expressions for the following:
a)- Degree of curve b)- Shift of curve
c)- Equilibrium cant
24. Where are reverse curves provided?
25. Show that a parabola is an ideal vertical curve.
26. It is proposed to connect two straights, their point of intersection being inaccessible, by a curve wholly transitional. The points A and
B lie on the first straight, and C and D lie on the second straight. These points were connected by running a traverse BPQC between
B and C. The data given in Table were obtained.

Determine the locations of the tangent points for the design of the rate of change of radial acceleration as 1/3 m/s3, and the design
velocity as 52 km/h.
27. The centre-line of a new railway is to be set out along a valley.The first straight AI bears 750 , while the connecting straight IB bears
120 0. Due to site condition it has been decided to join the straights with a compound curve.
The first curve of m radius commences at T1, situated 300m from I on straight AI, and deflects through an angle of 250
before joining the second curve. Calculate the radius of the second curve and the distance of tangent point T2 from I on the straight
IB
28. A reverse curve is to join two straights having a very acute angle of intersection. The common tangent (140m) makes an angle of
intersection of 120 0 and 130 0 with the main straights. Calculate the suitable common radius.
29. Two straights having a total deflection angle of 65°45′ are connected with a circular curve of radius 1550 m. It is required to
introduce a curve of length 120 m at the beginning and end of the circular curve without altering the total length of the route. The
transition curve to be inserted is a cubic spiral, and the chainage of the point of intersection is 5302.10 m. Calculate
(i) the distance between the new and the previous tangent points,
(ii) the setting out data for transition curve taking peg intervals 20 m, and
(iii) the data for locating the midpoint of the new circular curve from the point of intersection.
30. Two parallel railway tracks, centre lines being 60 m apart, are to be connected by a reverse curve, each section having the same
radius. If the maximum distance between the tangent points is 220 m calculate the maximum allowable radius of the reverse curve
that can be used.
31. The first branch of a reverse curve has a radius of 200 m. If the distance between the tangent points is 110 m, what is the radius of
the second branch so that the curve can connect two parallel straights, 18 m apart ? Also calculate the length of the two branches of
the curve.
32. It is proposed to introduce a reverse curve between two straights AB and CD intersecting at a point I with CBI = 30° and BCI =
120°. The reverse curve consists of two circular arcs AX and XD, X lying on the common tangent BC. If BC = 791.71, the radius
RAX = 750 m, and chainage of B is 1250 m, calculate
(i) the radius RXD,
(ii) the lengths of the reverse curve, and
(iii) The chainage of D.
33. A 3% rising gradient meets at 2% down gradient. A vertical curve 200m long is to be used. The pegs are to be fixed at 20m interval.
Calculate the elevation of the curve points, by tangent corrections and chord gradients, and calculate the staff reading required, given
that the height of collimation is 350m, R.L. of the apex is 350m and its chainage is 1000m. Calculate above data:
(i)- By tangent correction method.
(ii)- By chord gradient method.
34. Two straights AB having gradient rising to the right at 1 in 60 and BC having gradient falling to the right at 1 in 50, are to be
connected at a summit by a parabolic curve. The point A, reduced level 121.45 m, lies on AB at chainage 1964.00 m, and C, reduced
level 120.05m, lies on BC at chainage 2276.00 m. The vertical curve must pass through a point M, reduced level 122.88 at chainage
2088.00 m.
Design the curve, and determine the sight distance between two points 1.06 m above road level.
35. A sag vertical curve between gradients of 3 in 100 downhill and 2 in 100 uphill is to be designed on the basis that the head lamp
sight distance of a car travelling along the curve equals the minimum safe stopping distance at the maximum permitted car speed.
The head lamps are 0.8m above the road surface and their beams tilt upwards at an angle of 10 above the longitudinal axis of the car.
The minimum safe stopping distance is 165m. Design the curve.
36. A 1.5% gradient meets a -0.5% gradient at a chainage of 1000m and reduced level of 75m. The sight distance is 300m. Determine
the length of vertical curve and R.L. of the tangent points. Assume that the eye level of the driver is 1.125m above the road surface.
37. A road 8m wide is to deflect through an angle of 600 with the centre line radius of 300m, the chainage of intersection point being
3605m. A transition curve is to be used at each end of the circular curve of such a length that the rate of gain of radial acceleration is
0.5m/s3, when the speed is 50km/h. Find out:
(i)- Length of the transition curve
(ii)- Superelevation
(iii)- Chainage of all junction points
(iv)- offsets at x=L/4, L/4, 3L/4, and L.
38. Lay out the transition curve of Problem 20 by the method of deflection angles, taking the peg interval as 5m.
39. Two straights deflecting at 39 020’ are joined by a circular curve of radius 225m. This circular curve is to be shifted away from the
tangents to admit transitions 75m long of the cubic parabola type at each end. If the forward chainage of the intersection point along
the first tangent is 1727.4m and the curve deflects to the right, find the chainage of the tangent and junction points of both the
transitions and the tangential angle to set off from the first tangent point for the 1650m peg and from the first junction point to the
1700m peg.
40. A road 10m wide deflects through an angle 49038’, the forward chainage of the intersection point being 5441.20m and a circular arc
of radius 175m is to be designed for a speed of 15m/s with a rate of gain of radian acceleration of 0.50m/s3. Determine the required
length of transition, the maximum superelevation of the outer curb, and prepare a table giving all necessary data required to set out
the first transition with pegs at 10m intervals of through chainage.
41. A curve on branch road is to be transitional throughout with a total deviation of 52024’. The design speed is to be 80km/h, the
maximum centripetal ratio 0.25and the rate of change of radial acceleration is 0.3m/s3.Calculate:
(a)-the length of each spiral
(b)-the minimum radius of curvature
(c)-the tangent distance, if the apex distance is 30m.