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28-HDLC-frame Types-Modes of Operation-21-09-2023

HDLC-frame types-modes of operation

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dinesh rajendran
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23 views17 pages

28-HDLC-frame Types-Modes of Operation-21-09-2023

HDLC-frame types-modes of operation

Uploaded by

dinesh rajendran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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- HDLC Frame types

- Modes of operation
Types of HDLC Frames
HDLC Frames
Information frames

• Each I-frame contains send sequence number N(S)


• Positive ACK piggybacked
• N(R)=Sequence number of next frame expected acknowledges
all frames up to and including N(R)-1
• 3 or 7 bit sequence numbering
• Maximum window sizes 2^7-1 = 127
• Poll/Final Bit
• NRM: Primary polls station by setting P=1; Secondary sets F=1
in last I-frame in response
• Primaries and secondary's always interact via paired P/F bits
Supervisory frames

Used for error (ACK, NAK) and flow control (Don’t Send):
• Receive Ready (RR), SS=00
• ACKs frames up to N(R)-1 when piggyback not available
• REJECT (REJ), SS=01
• ACK indicating N(R) is first frame not received correctly.
Transmitter must resend N(R) and later frames
• Receive Not Ready (RNR), SS=10
• ACKs frame N(R)-1 & requests that no more I-frames be sent
• Selective REJECT (SREJ), SS=11
• Negative ACK for N(R) requesting that N(R) be selectively
retransmitted
Error Detection & Loss Recovery

• Frames lost due to loss-of-synch or receiver buffer


overflow
• Frames may undergo errors in transmission
• CRCs detect errors and such frames are treated as lost
• Recovery through ACKs, timeouts & retransmission
• Sequence numbering to identify out-of-sequence &
duplicate frames
• HDLC provides for options that implement several ARQ
methods
Unnumbered Frames
• Setting of Modes:
• SABM: Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode.
• UA: acknowledges acceptance of mode setting commands.
• DISC: terminates logical link connection.

• Information Transfer between stations


• UI: Unnumbered Information

• Recovery used when normal error/flow control fails


• FRMR: Frame reject -frame with correct FCS but impossible
semantics
• RSET: indicates sending station is resetting sequence numbers

• XID: exchange station id and characteristics


Table 11.1 U-frame control command and response

11.11
Connection Establishment & Release
• Supervisory frames used to establish and release data link
connection
• In HDLC
• Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (SABM)
• Disconnect (DISC)
• Unnumbered Acknowledgment (UA)

SABM UA
Data UA
transfer DISC
Addressing

• Address field always contain the address of the secondary.

• Frame is a command –address field contain the address of


the receiving station.

• Frame is a response –address field contain the address of


the sending station.
• S Frames- always command

• RR and RNR can be either command or response

• REJ always response frames.


HDLC Operation

• Exchange of information, supervisory and


unnumbered frames

• Three phases
• Initialization
• Data transfer
• Disconnect
Exchange of frame using NRM

• Station A is communicating with station B &C.

• Station A begins by sending a frame to station B with poll bit and


sequence number N(R)=0.

• Station A begins by sending a frame to station c with poll bit, it has


no I-Frame to transmit.
Example: HDLC using NRM (polling)
Address of secondary
Primary A Secondaries B, C
A polls B B, RR, 0, P N(S) N(R)

B, I, 0, 0
N(R) B sends 3 info
X B, I, 1, 0
frames
B, I, 2, 0,F
A rejects fr1 B, SREJ, 1
A polls C C, RR, 0, P
C, RR, 0, F C nothing to
send
A polls B, B, SREJ, 1,P
requests
selective B, I, 1, 0 B resends fr1
retrans. fr1 B, I, 3, 0 Then fr 3 & 4
B, I, 4, 0, F
A send info fr0 B, I, 0, 5
to B, ACKs up to 4
Time
Frame Exchange using Asynchronous Balanced Mode

Combined Station A Combined Station B


B, I, 0, 0 A, I, 0, 0

B, I, 1, 0 A, I, 1, 1 A ACKs fr0
X
B sends 5
frames B, I, 2, 1 A, I, 2, 1

B, I, 3, 2 A rejects
B, REJ, 1
fr1
B, I, 4, 3
A, I, 3, 1
B goes B, I, 1, 3
back to 1
B, I, 2, 4 B, RR, 2 A ACKs fr1
B, I, 3, 4
B, RR, 3 A ACKs fr2

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